GROWTH OF A YOUNG NATION GROWTH OF A YOUNG NATION 1800-1850’s1800-1850’s

Thomas Jefferson-3rd President Thomas Jefferson-3rd President (1800-1808)(1800-1808)

Jeffersonian Jeffersonian DemocracyDemocracy• Simple Simple

government government controlled by controlled by the peoplethe people

Marbury vs. MadisonMarbury vs. Madison18031803

establishes Judicial Reviewestablishes Judicial Review• Courts can declare a law or an Courts can declare a law or an

action unconstitutionalaction unconstitutional

1803 – Louisiana Purchase1803 – Louisiana Purchase

US paid US paid France $15 France $15 million million dollarsdollars

doubled doubled size of the size of the countrycountry

actually actually started started westward westward movementmovement

Sent Lewis and Clark to explore Sent Lewis and Clark to explore and map new territoryand map new territory

Sacajawea, Sacajawea, guide for Lewis and Clark

James Madison - 4th president James Madison - 4th president (1808-1816)(1808-1816)

War of 1812War of 1812 Against England Against England Cause: Cause:

• Impressment,Impressment, forcing U.S. forcing U.S. sailors to serve in sailors to serve in British navyBritish navy

U.S. successful U.S. successful at sea but were a at sea but were a failure on landfailure on land

British capture Washington, D.C. British capture Washington, D.C. and burn public buildingsand burn public buildings

Gave proof through the Gave proof through the night,night,

That our flag was still there..That our flag was still there..

Gave proof through the Gave proof through the night,night,

That our flag was still there..That our flag was still there..

Francis Scott Key writes “The Star Spangled Banner” poemBecomes the National Anthem in 1931

1814-Battle of New Orleans1814-Battle of New Orleans

Only U.S. victory Only U.S. victory on landon land

Army led by Army led by Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson• Unnecessary Unnecessary

battlebattle• War ended 3 War ended 3

weeks earlierweeks earlier

Treaty of GhentTreaty of Ghent Ends War of 1812Ends War of 1812

• maintains status quomaintains status quo two major results of two major results of

the war:the war:• encouraged encouraged

American American industrializationindustrialization

• confirmed U.S. as a confirmed U.S. as a free and independent free and independent countrycountry

known as the known as the official end of official end of American American RevolutionRevolution

James Monroe-5th President James Monroe-5th President (1816-1824)(1816-1824)

Known for establishing security Known for establishing security & expansion for nation& expansion for nation

Convention of 1818Convention of 1818• U.S.-Canadian U.S.-Canadian

border-49border-49thth parallel parallel• England-U.S. occupy England-U.S. occupy

Oregon TerritoryOregon Territory Adams-Onis TreatyAdams-Onis Treaty

• obtained Florida obtained Florida from Spainfrom Spain

• established western established western border between US border between US and Spanish territoryand Spanish territory

Monroe Doctrine-1820Monroe Doctrine-1820• warned European nations to stay out of warned European nations to stay out of

western hemisphere affairswestern hemisphere affairs• no further colonizationno further colonization

Andrew Jackson-6th President Andrew Jackson-6th President (1828-1836)(1828-1836)

Jacksonian DemocracyJacksonian Democracy• average citizen average citizen

participates in participates in governmentgovernment

““spoils system”spoils system”• appointing people to appointing people to

government positions government positions on basis of Party loyaltyon basis of Party loyalty

Indian Removal Act-1830Indian Removal Act-1830

Relocated Native Relocated Native Americans west of the Americans west of the Mississippi RiverMississippi River

Trail of TearsTrail of Tears• Cherokee forced to Cherokee forced to

leave Georgialeave Georgia• 4,000 died on 116 4,000 died on 116

day trip, Arkansas-day trip, Arkansas-Oklahoma, in Oklahoma, in freezing weatherfreezing weather

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny - - Belief that America was to Belief that America was to own all the land between the Atlantic and own all the land between the Atlantic and

Pacific OceansPacific Oceans

Americans move west to California Americans move west to California and Oregonand Oregon

Republic of Texas-1836Republic of Texas-1836 achieved achieved

independence in independence in 18361836

refused statehood refused statehood due to being a slave due to being a slave territoryterritory

England showed England showed interest in interest in colonizing Texascolonizing Texas

U.S. admitted Texas U.S. admitted Texas as the 28th State-as the 28th State-18451845

Battle of the AlamoBattle of the Alamo

War with Mexico-1846War with Mexico-1846

Annexation of Annexation of Texas one of Texas one of the causesthe causes• lasted one yearlasted one year• U.S. winsU.S. wins

Treaty of Treaty of Guadalupe Guadalupe HidalgoHidalgo• Ended the warEnded the war• gave U.S. land gave U.S. land

from Texas to from Texas to CaliforniaCalifornia

• U.S. gave U.S. gave Mexico Mexico $15,000,000$15,000,000

California Gold Rush - 1849California Gold Rush - 1849Gold discovered near Sacramento, Sutter’s Mill.Gold discovered near Sacramento, Sutter’s Mill.80,000 people from around the world went to Calif. 80,000 people from around the world went to Calif. By 1850 it became a StateBy 1850 it became a State

Market Revolution (1820-1850)Market Revolution (1820-1850)

Beginning Beginning of the of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution in U.S.in U.S.• new inventions fueled economic growthnew inventions fueled economic growth• changed from hand-made goods (in changed from hand-made goods (in

homes) to machine-made goods (in homes) to machine-made goods (in Factories)Factories)

Free Enterprise systemFree Enterprise system begins begins• private business free to operate for private business free to operate for

profitsprofits• entrepreneurs invest money in new entrepreneurs invest money in new

industriesindustries

InventionsInventions

1793 - Eli 1793 - Eli WhitneyWhitney• invents the invents the

cotton gin cotton gin • separated cotton separated cotton

seeds from the seeds from the fiberfiber

• increased need increased need for more slaves for more slaves to feed cotton ginto feed cotton gin

1837-Samuel Morse invents the 1837-Samuel Morse invents the telegraphtelegraph

morse code morse code • series of series of

dots/dashes that dots/dashes that make up lettersmake up letters

1854-23,000 1854-23,000 miles of wiremiles of wire• Connected people Connected people

of different of different regions of the regions of the countrycountry

1807-steam engine-Robert Fulton1807-steam engine-Robert Fulton

steam powered steam powered transportationtransportation• faster tripsfaster trips• cheaper ratescheaper rates

1830 1830 • over 200 over 200

steamboats steamboats traveling along traveling along the riversthe rivers

Women ReformsWomen Reforms played key role in played key role in

abolitionist movement and abolitionist movement and temperance movement temperance movement • won some won some

improvements in improvements in educationeducation

1848-Seneca Falls 1848-Seneca Falls ConventionConvention • called for equal called for equal

rights/suffragerights/suffrage Sojourner Truth Sojourner Truth

(Isabella Baumfree)(Isabella Baumfree) former slave, former slave,

powerful speakerpowerful speaker