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Journalism slides for beginners
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Campus Journalismnow invades
SOCORRO DISTRICT--a big leap ahead--
In the road to excellence..I know no finish line.
Do you have what it takesto be a staffer?
Do you have a nose for the news?
Etymology of Journalism:Greek words:
Acta – dailyJiurna -events
What is Journalism?
(Jay Rosen from PressThink website)
Journalism can be a commercial thing, done for money, or a noncommercial thing, done for love.
It may be done as a public service, a way of entering into political debate, or for the simple and practical reasons people have always shared information or ‘talk.’
What is Journalism?
(Jay Rosen from PressThink website)
It can be a purely human and expressive act.
And, of course, it is sometimes done for reasons of power.
What is Journalism?
(Jay Rosen from PressThink website)
But what most identifies the practice of journalism is not power, profit, or free expression in itself. It’s the idea of addressing, engaging and freely informing a ‘public’ about events in its world.
School papers, like newspapers have a special mission, a right and a responsibility to disseminate news in their respective campus-communities while also entertaining and educating readers and presenting issues for their reflection.
School Journalism Today
• Student journalism is never stationary, it always responds to student ingenuity and changing times, and the present period is exceptionally active one, with significant trends.
• School papers sphere of news coverage today has noticeably become broader.
Definition of Journalism• “literature in a hurry” –Jose A. Quirino
• “ Something that embraces all forms in which and through which the news and comments on the news reach the public. All that happens in the world, if such happenings hold interest for the public, and all the thought, actions, and ideas which these happenings stimulate become the materials for the journalist.”-F. Fraser Bond
Functions of Journalism
1. Inform the public through the news coverage
2.Influence and mold the public opinion3. Amuse or entertain the public4. Serve and promote community welfare as a
whole
Scope of Journalism
Journalism covers three channels or areas of mass communication:
1. Audio2. Audio-visual3. Print
Definition of Campus Journalism
Campus journalism is defined as “that enjoyable activity of the staff of the campus paper in collecting, organizing and presenting news, writing editorials, columns, features, and literary articles, taking pictures, cartooning, copy reading, proofreading, dummying & writing headlines”.
Functions of the Campus paper
A. Aid to the students1. provide an opportunity for interesting writing;2.give students the opportunity to learn how to read newspapers;3.act as a stimulus to better work.4.develop students’ power of observation and discrimination
Functions of the Campus Paper
B. Aid to the School & Community1. educate the community as to the work of the school2. publish school and community news;3. create & express school opinions;4. make known the achievements of the school to the community.
Sections of the Campus Paper
A. News SectionB. Editorial SectionC. Features/Literary SectionsD. Columns: Sports, Fashion, etc.E. Review
Qualities of a Good Journalist
1.Resourcefulness- a good journalist is supposed to be resourceful in order to gain access credible sources of information and to gain success to all important event.
2. Critical- in order to separate truth from propaganda and dogmas that may distort truth.
Qualities of a Good Journalist
3. Objective- a journalist is supposed to put aside personal biases and should not let his emotions cloud his judgment.
4. Conscientious- a journalist is not supposed to use his influence in order to meet personal objectives and should be well aware of the consequences that may result from his actions.
• You need to be thinking “ I want to be the best” and be prepared to take all the necessary steps to get this.
*Specific skills: articulate, confident and be good at working to strict guidelines.
*Compare yourself to real broadcast journalist- take notes of what they do well ( and what they aren't doing well ).
*Learn from your mistakes.
Functions of the Campus Publication
Information disseminator Marketplace of ideas Tool for education Entertainment Influential venue for a cause or crusade Voice of its publishers
They need to be managed properly organization through:
Thorough Planning
Functional Organization
Proper Way of Leading
Effective Control Mechanisms
Publication Management Functions
Planning Organizing Leading/Activating Controlling
Publication Management Functions
Planning Human Resources Funds Time Topics
Equipment
Publication Management Functions
Organizing
Assignment of functions Assignment of working relationships Assignment of duties
Publication Management Functions
Leading
Mobilizing the Staff Communicating Motivating Inspiring
Publication Management Functions
Controlling
Imposing Deadlines Editing Evaluating
Editorial Policy
Anchored on the School’s Vision, Mission & Goals
Independence
Priority Thrust
Characteristics of an Effective & Credible Paper
Timeliness Responsiveness Fairness Balanced Treatment of Issues Sustainability Credibility & Integrity Creativity
Characteristics of an Effective & Credible Paper
Observance of Ethical Standards Responsibility Freedom & Independence Accuracy & Truthfulness Sincerity Impartiality & Fair Play Decency
Press Production Processes
Editorial Planning the Issue Giving of Assignments Data Gathering Compiling Notes Writing Preparation of Visuals
Overall Rulesin Writing
1. Know the purpose. 2. Understand the facts. Don’t try
to write when you’re not sure.3. Form a mental outline. 4. Observe simplicity of language.5. Be direct to the point.
Overall Rulesin Writing
6. Prefer the active over the passive voice of verbs.
7. Describe vividly but use adjectives and adverbs sparingly.
8. Use concrete, not abstract, verbs .9. Be as factual as possible. Avoid
opinionating unless you’re writing a column or an editorial. .
Overall Rulesin Writing
10.Use direct quotes. 11.Show, don’t tell.12.Be consistent with mechanical style. 13.Don’t mention anything you can’t
explain.
13.Write for your readers, not for yourself.
In Writing a Story
1. Observe the structural rules2. Prefer the simple word over the longer
and sophisticated word. 3. Use attributions
On recordOn backgroundOn deep backgroundOff the record
4. Aim for completeness of data
Editing & Production
Editing News & Visual Content Inventory Content Evaluation Headlining Photo/Visual Editing & Captioning Layout/Dummying
Editing Techniques Improve the language Observe rules of grammar Aim for correct style
Style covers: Punctuation marks Capitalization Use of figures Numbers Spelling
Editing Techniques
Observe accuracy & logical flow of ideas
Follow appropriate structure Use editing tools when necessary Use proper format and symbols Overall goal: Readability
Headlines: Purposes
They summarize the story They attract reader attention They display the value of the story
They sell the newspaper
Headlining Requirements
Appropriateness of content Accuracy of information Proper fitting of space provided
Correctness of content Consistency in format & capitalization
Opinion Page (Contents)
Masthead Editorial/s Columns Cartoons
Photos Letters to the Editor Forum Essays
Purposes of Publication Design
To make the page look attractive To arrange the content in order of value To make the paper look presentable To held ‘sell’ the paper To help readers have a quick content look
Elements of Design
Nameplate Headlines Text Photos & Other Graphics Column Width Folio
Elements of Design
Colors Gutters Boxes Screens/Half-tones/Reversed Materials Fonts Typographical Devices
Principles of Layout
Balance Harmony & Unity Contrast Emphasis
Movement
Proportion Simplicity
Magazine & Tabloid Format
Tabloid suits news & opinion content Magazine more for features & entertainment Pagination in both ideal if total number is divisible by four Both requires wise use of color Magazines usually bound, tabloid not Magazine content is anchored on a theme;
cover story needed
Basic Principles of Visuals
Appropriate Composition Proper Lighting/Shading Good Technicals Clear Idea/Story/Message (Camera Handling)
Press Work
Camera Work Proof Final Correction Press Run Binding Circulation
Publication Design Tips
Basic Principles
1. Show a hierarchy that reflect emphasis and movement.
2. Identify an imaginary visual center.
3. Organize the elements. Avoid a visual clutter
4. Show contrast.
Basic Principles
5. Show that elements create visual unity.
6. Observe proper format proportion
7. Have consistency in format and content.
8. Work for a functional and reader-friendly visual.
Typography
9. Be consistent in use of fonts.
10. Don’t stretch fonts to fit space given.
11. Avoid squint-size fonts.
12. News pages need not more than three font families.
13. Use less font families, too in features page.
Daghang Salamat !
…..Sir Jovel Elumba