Prepared by: Jerome A. Bigael

›Pure substances are either compounds or elements. They possess intermolecular and

intramolecular forces of attraction due to the differences in the electronegativities of the constituent atom or molecules.

›The attraction brought upon by electronegative differences affects the

physical properties of a substance such as solubility, melting point, boiling point, vapor pressure, and viscosity.

›Scientists have applied these concepts to

create materials that will match the necessities in our home, community,

industry, and medicine to improve the quality of life.

›Nowadays, materials science and

engineering is a growing field, which takes the advantage of the physical and chemical properties of different materials.

› The properties being studied that affect the overall characteristics of materials include

chemical bonding, geometry, strength of material, bioavailability, hydrophilicity, and hydrophobicity to name a few.

›Materials engineers and scientists alter these properties to produce a material which can cater to the demands of different industries, especially in the medical and construction fields.

›This lesson mostly immersed in the manufacturing and production of medical implants or prostheses, sports equipment, electronic devices, construction supplies and furniture, and other household gadgets.

›Medical Implants and prostheses are designed to aid a person by acting as a substitute to a missing part, support an injured structure, or improve an existing part of the body.

› Examples of prostheses include artificial pacemaker, cochlear grafts, dental implants, and breast implants.

›Materials used in making implants and prostheses should be inert to avoid adverse reactions in the body.

›Most importantly, implants for support must have a strong intermolecular forces to be durable.

›Can you recall which Intermolecular force of attractions are reasonably strong?

› The basis of material selection in making objects depends in the strength it confers.

›Most prostheses are made of metals for strong support. Some have metals admixed to substances.

› The type of breast implant depends on the filler material; some have saline solution as the filler, while others have silicon gel.

› For saline filled implants, ion-dipole force exist.

› For silicon gel-based implants, dipole-induced-dipole intermolecular force of attraction are present; this is because silicon is semi-metal.

› For electronic devices and household gadgets, dipole-induced dipole exists since components of such devices include polar substances like transient voltage suppression diodes and metalloids or semi-metals capable of having induced dipole.

› These are materials used for exercise and sports activities. These apparatuses must be durable; hence the need for strong intermolecular force of attraction.

› Intermolecular forces of attraction present in these materials are ion-ion, H-bonding, dipole-dipole, and ion dipole.

› This has been done not only to increase sports efficiency and effectiveness of athletes regardless of what specific type of sports they are playing, but most importantly, to minimize possible injuries for athletes and for those playing sports for recreation and fitness.

› To increase sport efficiency and eventually decrease sports-related injuries, sports

› Construction supplies, due to the required strength from their components (sand, gravel, rocks, water, cement) have the following intermolecular forces of attraction as a consequence: ion-ion, H-bonding, dipole-dipole, ion-dipole.