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03/05/23
Fit and HealthyFit and Healthy
03/05/23Body systemsBody systems
The RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: takes in _____
The DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: takes in ________
The ___________ SYSTEM: transports oxygen and glucose around the body
The SKELETAL and MUSCULAR systems: use the _____ from glucose to allow ________
Words – energy, movement, oxygen, glucose, circulatory
03/05/23Balanced dietBalanced dietA balanced diet should contain fats, proteins and carbohydrates in roughly these amounts:
It should also contain water, vitamins, minerals and fibre.
03/05/23Poor dietsPoor dietsIf we don’t have a balanced diet we may suffer form a “deficiency symptom”:
Vitamin D
Protein
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Iron
Calcium
Anaemia
Scurvy (bleeding gums and joints)
Weak bones and teeth
Wasting of body tissue
Rickets
Poor night vision
Lack of… Causes…
03/05/23Muscles and the skeletonMuscles and the skeletonMuscles are said to work in “antagonistic pairs”. This is because they oppose each other’s movement:
The skeleton does 3 jobs:
1) It gives the body SHAPE
2) It allows the body to MOVE
3) It PROTECTS the major organs
03/05/23JointsJoints
An “immovable” joint
A “slightly” movable joint”
“Hinge” joints
A “ball and socket” joint
03/05/23A typical joint – the kneeA typical joint – the knee
Synovial fluid – an oily substance that reduces friction
Cartilage – stops the bones from rubbing against each other
Ligaments – hold the joint together
03/05/23The Respiratory SystemThe Respiratory System
Ribs – to protect the
chest
Bronchioles
Bronchi Trachea – has stiff rings of cartilage to prevent it collapsing
Rib muscles – to raise and lower the ribs
Lung
Diaphragm – muscular sheet
Alveoli (“air sacs”) – gas
exchange takes place here
03/05/23Gas exchangeGas exchange
Alveoli are very good at exchanging gases because…1) They have a LARGE surface area2) They have a good blood supply3) They are moist
03/05/23SmokingSmokingCigarettes contain 3 harmful things:1. NICOTINE, which is an ___________ drug that raises
the heart beat, narrows the arteries and so causes ____ _____ _____. This leads to heart _________.
2. TAR, which coats the lining of the _______ making them less able to take in oxygen. It also contains carcinogens which cause ______________.
3. CARBON MONOXIDE, which is a _______ ____ which joins up with ____ blood cells making them incapable of transporting _____________ around the body.
Words – high blood pressure, oxygen, red, addictive, disease, poisonous gas, lungs, cancer
03/05/23Damaging the alveoli Damaging the alveoli (emphysema)(emphysema)
Before smoking After smoking – less surface area
03/05/23The effect of drugsThe effect of drugs
Alcohol Solvents
Liver damag
e
Brain damag
e
AddictionBad
judgement
Hallucinations
Personality change
Organ damage