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questionnaire & survey
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QUESTIONNAIRE amp SURVEY
Questionnaire A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting a series of
questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents
It was invented by Sir Francis Galton and is often used in behavioral or social research
When properly constructed and responsibly administered questionnaires become a vital instrument by which statements can be made about specific groups or people or entire populations
21032014
Advantages of the Questionnaire
1 The questionnaire is easy to make Distribution is easy and
inexpensive
2 Responses are easy to put into a table
3 The respondentrsquos replies are free
4 Confidential information may be given freely
5 The respondent can fill out the questionnaire at will
6 The respondent can give more correct replies
21032014
Disadvantages of a Questionnaire
1 The questionnaire cannot be used with those who cannot read or write well especially those who are totally illiterate
2 If many respondents may not return the filled up copies of the questionnaire purposely or forgetfully considerable follow-ups are necessary
3 If a respondent gives wrong information it cannot be corrected at once
4 A respondent may leave some or many questions unanswered because nobody urges him to do so or he may not understand the significance of the information he gives
21032014
5 Some questions may be unclear and so the respondent may
not answer them or if he does he may give wrong replies
6 The number of choices may be so limited that the
respondent may be forced to select responses that are not
his actual choices
21032014
SURVEY
SURVEY- A detailed study of geographical area to gather data attitudes impressions opinions satisfaction level etc by polling a section of the population
21032014
21032014
methods of SECONDARY DATA
Data collected from a source that has already been published in
any form is called as secondary data The review of literature in
any research is based on secondary data Mostly from books
journals and periodicals
21032014
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
Secondary data is often readily available After the expense of
electronic media and internet the availability of secondary
data has become much easier
i) Published Printed Sources
There are varieties of published printed sources Their
standingdepends on many factors For example on the
writer publishing company and time and date when
published New sources are preferred and old sources should
be avoided as new technology and researches bring new facts
into light
21032014
1)Books
Books are available today on any topic that you want to research The
uses of books start before even you have selected the topic After
selection of topics books provide insight on how much work has
already been done on the same topic and you can prepare your
literature review Books are secondary source but most authentic one
in secondary sources
2)Journalsperiodicals
Journals and periodicals are becoming more important as far as data
collection is concerned The reason is that journals provide up-to-date
information which at times books cannot and secondly journals can
give information on the very specific topic on which you are
researching rather talking about more general topics
21032014
ii)Published Electronic Sources
As internet is becoming more advance fast and reachable to the
masses it has been seen that much information that is not available in
printed form is available on internet In the past the credibility of
internet was questionable but today it is not The reason is that in the
past journals and books were seldom published on internet but today
almost every journal and book is available online Some are free and
for others you have to pay the price
21032014
1) E-journals e-journals are more commonly available than
printed journals Latest journals are difficult to retrieve without
subscription but if your university has an e-library you can view any
journal print it and those that are not available you can make an
order for them
2)General Websites Generally websites do not contain very
reliable information so their content should be checked for
the reliability before quoting from them
3)WeblogsWeblogs are also becoming common They are actually
diaries written by different people These diaries are as reliable to use
as personal written diaries
21032014
iii)Unpublished Personal Records
Diaries Diaries are personal records and are rarely available
but if you are conducting a descriptive research then they
might be very useful The Anne Franks diary is the most
famous example of this That diary contained the most
accurate records of Nazi wars
Letters Letters like diaries are also a rich source but should
be checked for their reliability before using them
21032014
iv)Government Records
Government records are very important for marketing
management humanities and social science research
Census Datapopulation statistics
Health records
Educational institutes records
v)Public Sector Records NGOs survey data
Other private companies records
21032014
21032014
Questionnaire A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting a series of
questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents
It was invented by Sir Francis Galton and is often used in behavioral or social research
When properly constructed and responsibly administered questionnaires become a vital instrument by which statements can be made about specific groups or people or entire populations
21032014
Advantages of the Questionnaire
1 The questionnaire is easy to make Distribution is easy and
inexpensive
2 Responses are easy to put into a table
3 The respondentrsquos replies are free
4 Confidential information may be given freely
5 The respondent can fill out the questionnaire at will
6 The respondent can give more correct replies
21032014
Disadvantages of a Questionnaire
1 The questionnaire cannot be used with those who cannot read or write well especially those who are totally illiterate
2 If many respondents may not return the filled up copies of the questionnaire purposely or forgetfully considerable follow-ups are necessary
3 If a respondent gives wrong information it cannot be corrected at once
4 A respondent may leave some or many questions unanswered because nobody urges him to do so or he may not understand the significance of the information he gives
21032014
5 Some questions may be unclear and so the respondent may
not answer them or if he does he may give wrong replies
6 The number of choices may be so limited that the
respondent may be forced to select responses that are not
his actual choices
21032014
SURVEY
SURVEY- A detailed study of geographical area to gather data attitudes impressions opinions satisfaction level etc by polling a section of the population
21032014
21032014
methods of SECONDARY DATA
Data collected from a source that has already been published in
any form is called as secondary data The review of literature in
any research is based on secondary data Mostly from books
journals and periodicals
21032014
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
Secondary data is often readily available After the expense of
electronic media and internet the availability of secondary
data has become much easier
i) Published Printed Sources
There are varieties of published printed sources Their
standingdepends on many factors For example on the
writer publishing company and time and date when
published New sources are preferred and old sources should
be avoided as new technology and researches bring new facts
into light
21032014
1)Books
Books are available today on any topic that you want to research The
uses of books start before even you have selected the topic After
selection of topics books provide insight on how much work has
already been done on the same topic and you can prepare your
literature review Books are secondary source but most authentic one
in secondary sources
2)Journalsperiodicals
Journals and periodicals are becoming more important as far as data
collection is concerned The reason is that journals provide up-to-date
information which at times books cannot and secondly journals can
give information on the very specific topic on which you are
researching rather talking about more general topics
21032014
ii)Published Electronic Sources
As internet is becoming more advance fast and reachable to the
masses it has been seen that much information that is not available in
printed form is available on internet In the past the credibility of
internet was questionable but today it is not The reason is that in the
past journals and books were seldom published on internet but today
almost every journal and book is available online Some are free and
for others you have to pay the price
21032014
1) E-journals e-journals are more commonly available than
printed journals Latest journals are difficult to retrieve without
subscription but if your university has an e-library you can view any
journal print it and those that are not available you can make an
order for them
2)General Websites Generally websites do not contain very
reliable information so their content should be checked for
the reliability before quoting from them
3)WeblogsWeblogs are also becoming common They are actually
diaries written by different people These diaries are as reliable to use
as personal written diaries
21032014
iii)Unpublished Personal Records
Diaries Diaries are personal records and are rarely available
but if you are conducting a descriptive research then they
might be very useful The Anne Franks diary is the most
famous example of this That diary contained the most
accurate records of Nazi wars
Letters Letters like diaries are also a rich source but should
be checked for their reliability before using them
21032014
iv)Government Records
Government records are very important for marketing
management humanities and social science research
Census Datapopulation statistics
Health records
Educational institutes records
v)Public Sector Records NGOs survey data
Other private companies records
21032014
21032014
Advantages of the Questionnaire
1 The questionnaire is easy to make Distribution is easy and
inexpensive
2 Responses are easy to put into a table
3 The respondentrsquos replies are free
4 Confidential information may be given freely
5 The respondent can fill out the questionnaire at will
6 The respondent can give more correct replies
21032014
Disadvantages of a Questionnaire
1 The questionnaire cannot be used with those who cannot read or write well especially those who are totally illiterate
2 If many respondents may not return the filled up copies of the questionnaire purposely or forgetfully considerable follow-ups are necessary
3 If a respondent gives wrong information it cannot be corrected at once
4 A respondent may leave some or many questions unanswered because nobody urges him to do so or he may not understand the significance of the information he gives
21032014
5 Some questions may be unclear and so the respondent may
not answer them or if he does he may give wrong replies
6 The number of choices may be so limited that the
respondent may be forced to select responses that are not
his actual choices
21032014
SURVEY
SURVEY- A detailed study of geographical area to gather data attitudes impressions opinions satisfaction level etc by polling a section of the population
21032014
21032014
methods of SECONDARY DATA
Data collected from a source that has already been published in
any form is called as secondary data The review of literature in
any research is based on secondary data Mostly from books
journals and periodicals
21032014
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
Secondary data is often readily available After the expense of
electronic media and internet the availability of secondary
data has become much easier
i) Published Printed Sources
There are varieties of published printed sources Their
standingdepends on many factors For example on the
writer publishing company and time and date when
published New sources are preferred and old sources should
be avoided as new technology and researches bring new facts
into light
21032014
1)Books
Books are available today on any topic that you want to research The
uses of books start before even you have selected the topic After
selection of topics books provide insight on how much work has
already been done on the same topic and you can prepare your
literature review Books are secondary source but most authentic one
in secondary sources
2)Journalsperiodicals
Journals and periodicals are becoming more important as far as data
collection is concerned The reason is that journals provide up-to-date
information which at times books cannot and secondly journals can
give information on the very specific topic on which you are
researching rather talking about more general topics
21032014
ii)Published Electronic Sources
As internet is becoming more advance fast and reachable to the
masses it has been seen that much information that is not available in
printed form is available on internet In the past the credibility of
internet was questionable but today it is not The reason is that in the
past journals and books were seldom published on internet but today
almost every journal and book is available online Some are free and
for others you have to pay the price
21032014
1) E-journals e-journals are more commonly available than
printed journals Latest journals are difficult to retrieve without
subscription but if your university has an e-library you can view any
journal print it and those that are not available you can make an
order for them
2)General Websites Generally websites do not contain very
reliable information so their content should be checked for
the reliability before quoting from them
3)WeblogsWeblogs are also becoming common They are actually
diaries written by different people These diaries are as reliable to use
as personal written diaries
21032014
iii)Unpublished Personal Records
Diaries Diaries are personal records and are rarely available
but if you are conducting a descriptive research then they
might be very useful The Anne Franks diary is the most
famous example of this That diary contained the most
accurate records of Nazi wars
Letters Letters like diaries are also a rich source but should
be checked for their reliability before using them
21032014
iv)Government Records
Government records are very important for marketing
management humanities and social science research
Census Datapopulation statistics
Health records
Educational institutes records
v)Public Sector Records NGOs survey data
Other private companies records
21032014
21032014
Disadvantages of a Questionnaire
1 The questionnaire cannot be used with those who cannot read or write well especially those who are totally illiterate
2 If many respondents may not return the filled up copies of the questionnaire purposely or forgetfully considerable follow-ups are necessary
3 If a respondent gives wrong information it cannot be corrected at once
4 A respondent may leave some or many questions unanswered because nobody urges him to do so or he may not understand the significance of the information he gives
21032014
5 Some questions may be unclear and so the respondent may
not answer them or if he does he may give wrong replies
6 The number of choices may be so limited that the
respondent may be forced to select responses that are not
his actual choices
21032014
SURVEY
SURVEY- A detailed study of geographical area to gather data attitudes impressions opinions satisfaction level etc by polling a section of the population
21032014
21032014
methods of SECONDARY DATA
Data collected from a source that has already been published in
any form is called as secondary data The review of literature in
any research is based on secondary data Mostly from books
journals and periodicals
21032014
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
Secondary data is often readily available After the expense of
electronic media and internet the availability of secondary
data has become much easier
i) Published Printed Sources
There are varieties of published printed sources Their
standingdepends on many factors For example on the
writer publishing company and time and date when
published New sources are preferred and old sources should
be avoided as new technology and researches bring new facts
into light
21032014
1)Books
Books are available today on any topic that you want to research The
uses of books start before even you have selected the topic After
selection of topics books provide insight on how much work has
already been done on the same topic and you can prepare your
literature review Books are secondary source but most authentic one
in secondary sources
2)Journalsperiodicals
Journals and periodicals are becoming more important as far as data
collection is concerned The reason is that journals provide up-to-date
information which at times books cannot and secondly journals can
give information on the very specific topic on which you are
researching rather talking about more general topics
21032014
ii)Published Electronic Sources
As internet is becoming more advance fast and reachable to the
masses it has been seen that much information that is not available in
printed form is available on internet In the past the credibility of
internet was questionable but today it is not The reason is that in the
past journals and books were seldom published on internet but today
almost every journal and book is available online Some are free and
for others you have to pay the price
21032014
1) E-journals e-journals are more commonly available than
printed journals Latest journals are difficult to retrieve without
subscription but if your university has an e-library you can view any
journal print it and those that are not available you can make an
order for them
2)General Websites Generally websites do not contain very
reliable information so their content should be checked for
the reliability before quoting from them
3)WeblogsWeblogs are also becoming common They are actually
diaries written by different people These diaries are as reliable to use
as personal written diaries
21032014
iii)Unpublished Personal Records
Diaries Diaries are personal records and are rarely available
but if you are conducting a descriptive research then they
might be very useful The Anne Franks diary is the most
famous example of this That diary contained the most
accurate records of Nazi wars
Letters Letters like diaries are also a rich source but should
be checked for their reliability before using them
21032014
iv)Government Records
Government records are very important for marketing
management humanities and social science research
Census Datapopulation statistics
Health records
Educational institutes records
v)Public Sector Records NGOs survey data
Other private companies records
21032014
21032014
5 Some questions may be unclear and so the respondent may
not answer them or if he does he may give wrong replies
6 The number of choices may be so limited that the
respondent may be forced to select responses that are not
his actual choices
21032014
SURVEY
SURVEY- A detailed study of geographical area to gather data attitudes impressions opinions satisfaction level etc by polling a section of the population
21032014
21032014
methods of SECONDARY DATA
Data collected from a source that has already been published in
any form is called as secondary data The review of literature in
any research is based on secondary data Mostly from books
journals and periodicals
21032014
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
Secondary data is often readily available After the expense of
electronic media and internet the availability of secondary
data has become much easier
i) Published Printed Sources
There are varieties of published printed sources Their
standingdepends on many factors For example on the
writer publishing company and time and date when
published New sources are preferred and old sources should
be avoided as new technology and researches bring new facts
into light
21032014
1)Books
Books are available today on any topic that you want to research The
uses of books start before even you have selected the topic After
selection of topics books provide insight on how much work has
already been done on the same topic and you can prepare your
literature review Books are secondary source but most authentic one
in secondary sources
2)Journalsperiodicals
Journals and periodicals are becoming more important as far as data
collection is concerned The reason is that journals provide up-to-date
information which at times books cannot and secondly journals can
give information on the very specific topic on which you are
researching rather talking about more general topics
21032014
ii)Published Electronic Sources
As internet is becoming more advance fast and reachable to the
masses it has been seen that much information that is not available in
printed form is available on internet In the past the credibility of
internet was questionable but today it is not The reason is that in the
past journals and books were seldom published on internet but today
almost every journal and book is available online Some are free and
for others you have to pay the price
21032014
1) E-journals e-journals are more commonly available than
printed journals Latest journals are difficult to retrieve without
subscription but if your university has an e-library you can view any
journal print it and those that are not available you can make an
order for them
2)General Websites Generally websites do not contain very
reliable information so their content should be checked for
the reliability before quoting from them
3)WeblogsWeblogs are also becoming common They are actually
diaries written by different people These diaries are as reliable to use
as personal written diaries
21032014
iii)Unpublished Personal Records
Diaries Diaries are personal records and are rarely available
but if you are conducting a descriptive research then they
might be very useful The Anne Franks diary is the most
famous example of this That diary contained the most
accurate records of Nazi wars
Letters Letters like diaries are also a rich source but should
be checked for their reliability before using them
21032014
iv)Government Records
Government records are very important for marketing
management humanities and social science research
Census Datapopulation statistics
Health records
Educational institutes records
v)Public Sector Records NGOs survey data
Other private companies records
21032014
21032014
SURVEY
SURVEY- A detailed study of geographical area to gather data attitudes impressions opinions satisfaction level etc by polling a section of the population
21032014
21032014
methods of SECONDARY DATA
Data collected from a source that has already been published in
any form is called as secondary data The review of literature in
any research is based on secondary data Mostly from books
journals and periodicals
21032014
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
Secondary data is often readily available After the expense of
electronic media and internet the availability of secondary
data has become much easier
i) Published Printed Sources
There are varieties of published printed sources Their
standingdepends on many factors For example on the
writer publishing company and time and date when
published New sources are preferred and old sources should
be avoided as new technology and researches bring new facts
into light
21032014
1)Books
Books are available today on any topic that you want to research The
uses of books start before even you have selected the topic After
selection of topics books provide insight on how much work has
already been done on the same topic and you can prepare your
literature review Books are secondary source but most authentic one
in secondary sources
2)Journalsperiodicals
Journals and periodicals are becoming more important as far as data
collection is concerned The reason is that journals provide up-to-date
information which at times books cannot and secondly journals can
give information on the very specific topic on which you are
researching rather talking about more general topics
21032014
ii)Published Electronic Sources
As internet is becoming more advance fast and reachable to the
masses it has been seen that much information that is not available in
printed form is available on internet In the past the credibility of
internet was questionable but today it is not The reason is that in the
past journals and books were seldom published on internet but today
almost every journal and book is available online Some are free and
for others you have to pay the price
21032014
1) E-journals e-journals are more commonly available than
printed journals Latest journals are difficult to retrieve without
subscription but if your university has an e-library you can view any
journal print it and those that are not available you can make an
order for them
2)General Websites Generally websites do not contain very
reliable information so their content should be checked for
the reliability before quoting from them
3)WeblogsWeblogs are also becoming common They are actually
diaries written by different people These diaries are as reliable to use
as personal written diaries
21032014
iii)Unpublished Personal Records
Diaries Diaries are personal records and are rarely available
but if you are conducting a descriptive research then they
might be very useful The Anne Franks diary is the most
famous example of this That diary contained the most
accurate records of Nazi wars
Letters Letters like diaries are also a rich source but should
be checked for their reliability before using them
21032014
iv)Government Records
Government records are very important for marketing
management humanities and social science research
Census Datapopulation statistics
Health records
Educational institutes records
v)Public Sector Records NGOs survey data
Other private companies records
21032014
21032014
21032014
methods of SECONDARY DATA
Data collected from a source that has already been published in
any form is called as secondary data The review of literature in
any research is based on secondary data Mostly from books
journals and periodicals
21032014
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
Secondary data is often readily available After the expense of
electronic media and internet the availability of secondary
data has become much easier
i) Published Printed Sources
There are varieties of published printed sources Their
standingdepends on many factors For example on the
writer publishing company and time and date when
published New sources are preferred and old sources should
be avoided as new technology and researches bring new facts
into light
21032014
1)Books
Books are available today on any topic that you want to research The
uses of books start before even you have selected the topic After
selection of topics books provide insight on how much work has
already been done on the same topic and you can prepare your
literature review Books are secondary source but most authentic one
in secondary sources
2)Journalsperiodicals
Journals and periodicals are becoming more important as far as data
collection is concerned The reason is that journals provide up-to-date
information which at times books cannot and secondly journals can
give information on the very specific topic on which you are
researching rather talking about more general topics
21032014
ii)Published Electronic Sources
As internet is becoming more advance fast and reachable to the
masses it has been seen that much information that is not available in
printed form is available on internet In the past the credibility of
internet was questionable but today it is not The reason is that in the
past journals and books were seldom published on internet but today
almost every journal and book is available online Some are free and
for others you have to pay the price
21032014
1) E-journals e-journals are more commonly available than
printed journals Latest journals are difficult to retrieve without
subscription but if your university has an e-library you can view any
journal print it and those that are not available you can make an
order for them
2)General Websites Generally websites do not contain very
reliable information so their content should be checked for
the reliability before quoting from them
3)WeblogsWeblogs are also becoming common They are actually
diaries written by different people These diaries are as reliable to use
as personal written diaries
21032014
iii)Unpublished Personal Records
Diaries Diaries are personal records and are rarely available
but if you are conducting a descriptive research then they
might be very useful The Anne Franks diary is the most
famous example of this That diary contained the most
accurate records of Nazi wars
Letters Letters like diaries are also a rich source but should
be checked for their reliability before using them
21032014
iv)Government Records
Government records are very important for marketing
management humanities and social science research
Census Datapopulation statistics
Health records
Educational institutes records
v)Public Sector Records NGOs survey data
Other private companies records
21032014
21032014
methods of SECONDARY DATA
Data collected from a source that has already been published in
any form is called as secondary data The review of literature in
any research is based on secondary data Mostly from books
journals and periodicals
21032014
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
Secondary data is often readily available After the expense of
electronic media and internet the availability of secondary
data has become much easier
i) Published Printed Sources
There are varieties of published printed sources Their
standingdepends on many factors For example on the
writer publishing company and time and date when
published New sources are preferred and old sources should
be avoided as new technology and researches bring new facts
into light
21032014
1)Books
Books are available today on any topic that you want to research The
uses of books start before even you have selected the topic After
selection of topics books provide insight on how much work has
already been done on the same topic and you can prepare your
literature review Books are secondary source but most authentic one
in secondary sources
2)Journalsperiodicals
Journals and periodicals are becoming more important as far as data
collection is concerned The reason is that journals provide up-to-date
information which at times books cannot and secondly journals can
give information on the very specific topic on which you are
researching rather talking about more general topics
21032014
ii)Published Electronic Sources
As internet is becoming more advance fast and reachable to the
masses it has been seen that much information that is not available in
printed form is available on internet In the past the credibility of
internet was questionable but today it is not The reason is that in the
past journals and books were seldom published on internet but today
almost every journal and book is available online Some are free and
for others you have to pay the price
21032014
1) E-journals e-journals are more commonly available than
printed journals Latest journals are difficult to retrieve without
subscription but if your university has an e-library you can view any
journal print it and those that are not available you can make an
order for them
2)General Websites Generally websites do not contain very
reliable information so their content should be checked for
the reliability before quoting from them
3)WeblogsWeblogs are also becoming common They are actually
diaries written by different people These diaries are as reliable to use
as personal written diaries
21032014
iii)Unpublished Personal Records
Diaries Diaries are personal records and are rarely available
but if you are conducting a descriptive research then they
might be very useful The Anne Franks diary is the most
famous example of this That diary contained the most
accurate records of Nazi wars
Letters Letters like diaries are also a rich source but should
be checked for their reliability before using them
21032014
iv)Government Records
Government records are very important for marketing
management humanities and social science research
Census Datapopulation statistics
Health records
Educational institutes records
v)Public Sector Records NGOs survey data
Other private companies records
21032014
21032014
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
Secondary data is often readily available After the expense of
electronic media and internet the availability of secondary
data has become much easier
i) Published Printed Sources
There are varieties of published printed sources Their
standingdepends on many factors For example on the
writer publishing company and time and date when
published New sources are preferred and old sources should
be avoided as new technology and researches bring new facts
into light
21032014
1)Books
Books are available today on any topic that you want to research The
uses of books start before even you have selected the topic After
selection of topics books provide insight on how much work has
already been done on the same topic and you can prepare your
literature review Books are secondary source but most authentic one
in secondary sources
2)Journalsperiodicals
Journals and periodicals are becoming more important as far as data
collection is concerned The reason is that journals provide up-to-date
information which at times books cannot and secondly journals can
give information on the very specific topic on which you are
researching rather talking about more general topics
21032014
ii)Published Electronic Sources
As internet is becoming more advance fast and reachable to the
masses it has been seen that much information that is not available in
printed form is available on internet In the past the credibility of
internet was questionable but today it is not The reason is that in the
past journals and books were seldom published on internet but today
almost every journal and book is available online Some are free and
for others you have to pay the price
21032014
1) E-journals e-journals are more commonly available than
printed journals Latest journals are difficult to retrieve without
subscription but if your university has an e-library you can view any
journal print it and those that are not available you can make an
order for them
2)General Websites Generally websites do not contain very
reliable information so their content should be checked for
the reliability before quoting from them
3)WeblogsWeblogs are also becoming common They are actually
diaries written by different people These diaries are as reliable to use
as personal written diaries
21032014
iii)Unpublished Personal Records
Diaries Diaries are personal records and are rarely available
but if you are conducting a descriptive research then they
might be very useful The Anne Franks diary is the most
famous example of this That diary contained the most
accurate records of Nazi wars
Letters Letters like diaries are also a rich source but should
be checked for their reliability before using them
21032014
iv)Government Records
Government records are very important for marketing
management humanities and social science research
Census Datapopulation statistics
Health records
Educational institutes records
v)Public Sector Records NGOs survey data
Other private companies records
21032014
21032014
1)Books
Books are available today on any topic that you want to research The
uses of books start before even you have selected the topic After
selection of topics books provide insight on how much work has
already been done on the same topic and you can prepare your
literature review Books are secondary source but most authentic one
in secondary sources
2)Journalsperiodicals
Journals and periodicals are becoming more important as far as data
collection is concerned The reason is that journals provide up-to-date
information which at times books cannot and secondly journals can
give information on the very specific topic on which you are
researching rather talking about more general topics
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ii)Published Electronic Sources
As internet is becoming more advance fast and reachable to the
masses it has been seen that much information that is not available in
printed form is available on internet In the past the credibility of
internet was questionable but today it is not The reason is that in the
past journals and books were seldom published on internet but today
almost every journal and book is available online Some are free and
for others you have to pay the price
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1) E-journals e-journals are more commonly available than
printed journals Latest journals are difficult to retrieve without
subscription but if your university has an e-library you can view any
journal print it and those that are not available you can make an
order for them
2)General Websites Generally websites do not contain very
reliable information so their content should be checked for
the reliability before quoting from them
3)WeblogsWeblogs are also becoming common They are actually
diaries written by different people These diaries are as reliable to use
as personal written diaries
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iii)Unpublished Personal Records
Diaries Diaries are personal records and are rarely available
but if you are conducting a descriptive research then they
might be very useful The Anne Franks diary is the most
famous example of this That diary contained the most
accurate records of Nazi wars
Letters Letters like diaries are also a rich source but should
be checked for their reliability before using them
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iv)Government Records
Government records are very important for marketing
management humanities and social science research
Census Datapopulation statistics
Health records
Educational institutes records
v)Public Sector Records NGOs survey data
Other private companies records
21032014
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ii)Published Electronic Sources
As internet is becoming more advance fast and reachable to the
masses it has been seen that much information that is not available in
printed form is available on internet In the past the credibility of
internet was questionable but today it is not The reason is that in the
past journals and books were seldom published on internet but today
almost every journal and book is available online Some are free and
for others you have to pay the price
21032014
1) E-journals e-journals are more commonly available than
printed journals Latest journals are difficult to retrieve without
subscription but if your university has an e-library you can view any
journal print it and those that are not available you can make an
order for them
2)General Websites Generally websites do not contain very
reliable information so their content should be checked for
the reliability before quoting from them
3)WeblogsWeblogs are also becoming common They are actually
diaries written by different people These diaries are as reliable to use
as personal written diaries
21032014
iii)Unpublished Personal Records
Diaries Diaries are personal records and are rarely available
but if you are conducting a descriptive research then they
might be very useful The Anne Franks diary is the most
famous example of this That diary contained the most
accurate records of Nazi wars
Letters Letters like diaries are also a rich source but should
be checked for their reliability before using them
21032014
iv)Government Records
Government records are very important for marketing
management humanities and social science research
Census Datapopulation statistics
Health records
Educational institutes records
v)Public Sector Records NGOs survey data
Other private companies records
21032014
21032014
1) E-journals e-journals are more commonly available than
printed journals Latest journals are difficult to retrieve without
subscription but if your university has an e-library you can view any
journal print it and those that are not available you can make an
order for them
2)General Websites Generally websites do not contain very
reliable information so their content should be checked for
the reliability before quoting from them
3)WeblogsWeblogs are also becoming common They are actually
diaries written by different people These diaries are as reliable to use
as personal written diaries
21032014
iii)Unpublished Personal Records
Diaries Diaries are personal records and are rarely available
but if you are conducting a descriptive research then they
might be very useful The Anne Franks diary is the most
famous example of this That diary contained the most
accurate records of Nazi wars
Letters Letters like diaries are also a rich source but should
be checked for their reliability before using them
21032014
iv)Government Records
Government records are very important for marketing
management humanities and social science research
Census Datapopulation statistics
Health records
Educational institutes records
v)Public Sector Records NGOs survey data
Other private companies records
21032014
21032014
iii)Unpublished Personal Records
Diaries Diaries are personal records and are rarely available
but if you are conducting a descriptive research then they
might be very useful The Anne Franks diary is the most
famous example of this That diary contained the most
accurate records of Nazi wars
Letters Letters like diaries are also a rich source but should
be checked for their reliability before using them
21032014
iv)Government Records
Government records are very important for marketing
management humanities and social science research
Census Datapopulation statistics
Health records
Educational institutes records
v)Public Sector Records NGOs survey data
Other private companies records
21032014
21032014
iv)Government Records
Government records are very important for marketing
management humanities and social science research
Census Datapopulation statistics
Health records
Educational institutes records
v)Public Sector Records NGOs survey data
Other private companies records
21032014
21032014
21032014
