India vs. Bharat: Urban- Rural divide

Prof. B.N. Singh

Center for Research & Development (CRD) Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh

CRD TRUSTwww.crdgorakhpur.com

10 April 2016

Unity Degree College Luck now Uttar Pradesh

CRD Foundation Day: 09 March 2014

Major Thrusts of CRDSN Thrust Areas Research Projects1 Flood prone rice 5districts:Siddharhnagar,

Deoria, Gorakhpur, Kushinagar & Maharajganj

2 Drought prone rice Drought tolerant varieties 3 Climate Resilient

agricultureAerobic rice, &Zero tillage wheat

4 Healthier Food Organic foods, Diabetic rice, & Higher Zinc rice and wheat

5 Human Resource Development

Thesis Research for M.Sc. Students

12 acres Seed cum Research farm Village: Gaunar Usaraha, 30 Km from Gorakhpur

on NH 28, Gorakhpur-Kushinagar Highway

On-station Research : Yield Trials

Drought tolerant lines:2015 Kharif season

Aerobic rice seeding by Seed cum fertilizer drill:

2015 Kharif

Aerobic rice seeding by Seed cum fertilizer drill

2015 Kharif Season

Collaboration with CSISA Gorakhpur Aerobic rice : 2015 Kharif

Collaboration with CSISA Gorakhpur Zero tillage Wheat

Collaboration with CSISA Gorakhpur Zero tillage Wheat

Aerobic rice cultivation with hybrid rice2015 Kharif season

October 01, 2015:Second Rice Field Day

Field Visit October 01, 2015 Rice Field day at CRD Gaunar farm

Participation of farmers & media persons09 March 2016

High Zinc Wheat ( 34ppm)BHU Genhu 6

Urban-Rural dividePopulation Living Percent

population1971

Percent population

2014

PopulationMillions

2014

Urban Town & Cities*

20 32 419

Rural Villages 80 68 876Total 100 100 1,295

India vs. Bharat Contents India Bharat

Number 73 cities> 1 million

6.4 lakh villages; farming141 million farmers

Population Density

> 400 persons lower

GDP contribution High (63%) Declining (16% at present)Employment opportunities

High: Construction, Commerce, Educational Institution

Poor

Pollution High NilCommunal harmony

Absent, except in business community

Complete harmony with all communities

Standard of living Better Poor (25.7% BPL)

Caste & Religion system in Villages

Hindu, Muslims, Jat Sikhs, Christians etc

• Upper Caste: Brahmins, Khhatriya, Kayastha etc• OBC : Yadav & Patels• Scheduled class: Harijan• Scheduled tribes: Adivasis

Political parties have divided the villagers: They CAST their votes to their CASTE politicians

Typology of FarmersTypology Land area

(ha)Number (Millions)

Percent Employment

Landless Only house 70 39 Manual labor & Share cropping

Marginal < 0.50 84 47Small 0.51-10 24 13Medium & Large

> 1.0 1 <1

Total 179 100

Major problems in Rural areas

SanitationElectricityEducation Internet access : communicationTransport : Rail and Bus servicesFarmers suicideHealthcareSustainable agriculture & House hold food security

Sanitation & Hygiene• Open defecation. 90% don’t have toilets• More problem during rainy season• Can’t go in evening hours as women sit by road

side; Can’t go for morning walk• Also problem with urban poorSolution: i. Education,

ii. Involvement of NGO’s like Sulabh Internationals to build cheaper toilets. iii. More “Pay and Use types” in Urban areas.

Sustainable agriculture

• Drought & Floods major constraints for Sustainable agriculture

• Six major drought since 2000• 2002, 2004, 2009, 2012, 2014, 2015• El Nino effect2015: severe drought in 340 districts out of 640, 22%

water shortage in reservoirs. No drinking water in Marathwada region of

Maharashtra

Drought mitigation

• National policy for drought prone areas: 12 pointsi. Rain water harvestingii. Custom hiring for implementsiii. Drought tolerant crops & cultivars: Sorghum, Bajra,

Smaller millets ( Ragi & Kodo)iv. Seed production of crops at village levelv. Dry land Horticulture: Ber, Guava,Custard apple etcvi. Animal husbandry and improved pasture

development

Drought mitigation

vii. Employment opportunities: Food for workviii. Access to Food : National Food Security Actix. Crop insurancex. Availability of credit: KCCxi. Avoid cash crops cultivation: Cotton,

Sugarcane, Chili, Tobaccoxii. District level planning for drought , flood and

natural disaster management

Farmers Suicide• 1400 farmers each yearMore in 8 states• Maharashtra ( Marathwada region)• Telengana• Andhra Pradesh• Karnataka• Punjab ( Malwa Cotton region)• Uttar Pradesh( Bundelkhand)• Madhya Pradesh• Odisha ( Bargarh, Bolangir & Sambalpur)

Pollution

• Air pollution in Urban India and pollution free rural India

• In 2013, 1.4 million people died due to air pollution in India

• Biomass burning has begun in rural areas • Solution : Ban Diesel vehicles in cities and

encourage more CNG vehicles

Education

• Urban areas: 85% vs. 69% in rural areas ( 2011)• Lack of good schools in rural areas.• Children of landless, scheduled tribes & SC starts

day with firewood collection, involved in Goat grazing and don’t go to school

• Solutions: Evening classes, English school from beginning, Public- Private partnerships, More colleges in rural areas

Housing

• Rural: Requires more space due to cattle rearing, & grain and dry wheat and paddy straw storage.Good houses with sanitation and toilets required• Urban: More cheaper flats,

Rented flats for working womenOld age care housing apartments

Rural Employment opportunities

• MNREGA in rural areas: weekly payments through Banks

• MANREGA has increased rural wages, so less opportunities as hired laborers in villages

• Bank credits for Rural shops• Better Public transport connectivity to urban

areas

Healthcare

• Lack of MBBS Doctors in rural areas• Lack of diagnostic facilitiesSolution: More Paramedical Doctors for

rural areasThree years teaching & training at District Hospitals after 12 Biology students

Grow Safer Foods

• High Pesticides use in Vegetables cultivation• Higher Cancer incidence in pesticide abuse

areas • Solution: Promote safer and natural pesticides

from Neem and Karanj• Immediate ban pesticides on 66 hazardous

pesticides• Organic farming and use of green manures

13 Extremely Hazardous pesticide used in India,66 banned in developed countries

Benomyl• Carbaryl• Diazinon• Fenarimol• Fenthion• Linuron• Trifluralin• Tridemorph• Thiometon• Sodium cyanide• Methyl parathion• Methoxy ethyl mercury chloride• DDT

Endosulphan in Supreme court of India

Rural Roads & Public Transport

• Need for good roads in rural areas• Public transport from each village to cities• Link farm produce directly to urban markets

through rural transport• More “Kisan Haat” in urban areas, where farmers

directly sell their produce to urban consumers• Abolish contractor system to provide jobs of

Polytechnic Engineers

Electricity

• Poor electricity supply in rural areas• Poles but no electricity• Misuse of electricitySolution: • Put meters in rural areas• Provide electricity in evening hours till 10 pm

for children study.• Privatize electricity bills payment like in Delhi

Grain Procurement & Sugarcane Payments

• No purchase of wheat, paddy, pulses & oilseeds at MSP in villages

• No payment of sugarcane arrears since last 3 years

Solutions:• Link produce with processing mills like rice, pulses and

oilseeds• Immediate payment of sugarcane

Indian Farmers can feed whole world, if he gets immediate payment of its produce

Safe Drinking water

• Problems of Arsenic in groundwater in West Bengal, Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Leads more cancer incidence.

• High fluorides in drinking waterSolutions:Drinking water supply through tap water

Quality of Life• Scooters/ Motorcycle/ Car• Children in English medium School/ College / University/

Boarding school/ Foreign country• Inverter/ Generator• Toilet use• Potable water• Milch animals• Tractor/ Combine/mechanization• Pucca House/ Flooring• Rural Banks

SMART VILLAGES in addition to SMART CITIES

The Last word

• In rural areas most people are just living for their survival / time pass, and if they are in debt trap, commit suicide to get rid of distress.

• Urban- rural divide is increasing at faster rate. There is urgent need to reduce this gap. Otherwise there will be more urban poor in future which will further reduce their quality of life.

Thanks for your Kind attention