ETHANOLAS A FUEL

WHAT IS ETHANOL?

The Fermentation of sugar crops (sugarcane, wheat, sorghum, maize, etc), starch, cornstalks, vegetable

leftover and fruits after distillation is known as ETHANOL

USE

Best known as the type of ethanol found in ethanolic beverages

Used in thermometers as a solvent

Used as a raw material in various industrial processes

also be used as a FUEL

ETHANOL AS A FUEL

 Ethanol is used as an automotive fuel by itself and can be mixed with gasoline to form what has been called "GASOHOL" or FUEL ETHANOL.

How is ethanol being used as transportation fuel ?

Most ethanol used for fuel is being blended into gasoline at concentrations of 5 to 10

percent. All petrol engines can utilize the blended 

ethanol and needs no alterations. 

There is a small but growing market for E85 fuel (85 percent ethanol and 15 percent

gasoline) for use in Flexible Fuel Vehicles (FFVs), several million of which have been 

produced by U.S. automakers. 

Ethanol is also being used to formulate a blend with diesel fuel, known as "E-Diesel", and as a replacement for leaded aviation 

gasoline in small aircraft. 

Source: www.best-europe.org

WHY ETHANOL ?

                FUEL EFFICIENT

When mixed with unleaded gasoline, ethanol increases octane levels  improves combustion extends the supply of gasoline

.

ECO-FRIENDLY

 A renewable source of energy 

 Its production or the combustion does not    

emit green house gases or poisonous pollutants

Reduces the emission of Particulate Matter and sulfur dioxide

 Decreases the discharge of benzene and butadiene, that cause cancer, by 50%

 Decrease the emission of hydrocarbons that  deplete the ozone layer. 

source: www.odec.ca

HOW IS IT PRODUCED ?

By grains such as corn and sorghum

Potatoes, sugar cane, and other farm plants and plant wastes.

 Forestry products such as wood, brewery waste, whey, paper waste, beets, or 

vegetable waste.

Ethanol is a product of fermentation

In fermentation, ethanol retains much of the energy that was originally in the sugar, which explains why ethanol is an excellent fuel.

ETHANOL FROM CELLULOSE

Cellulose—an organic compound that is the structural component of cell walls for plants. Cellulosic materials, such as wood chips and corn stalks, are an emerging feedstock for ethanol production.

Cellulosic ethanol promises to reduce GHG emissions by up to 110% compared to

gasoline.

Source: www.wastetoenergymachines.com

The cost of producing ethanol remains significantly higher than the cost of producing

fuels from petroleum.

Continued progress with both conventional and advanced ethanol production technologies could someday result in ethanol production costs competitive with petroleum fuels.

ETHANOL IN USA

World’s top producerTop consumer

Leading exporter

Key Ethanol StatsNumber of Plants......................................................... 211Operating Production Capacity............. 13.3 billion gallonsIdled capacity.......................................... 1.5 billion gallonsCapacity Under Construction............... 50.0 million gallonsStates with Ethanol Facilities........................................... 29

                                                                                             -till 2013

Source: Renewable Fuels Association

Historic EthanolProduction

(in billions of gallons)2012......................13.3*2011......................13.92010......................13.32009......................10.92008........................9.3

Source: Renewable Fuels Association

There are currently over 2,250 gas stations in the U.S. that sell E85 fuel. This ethanol-fuel blend is for use in flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) only.

Source: Renewable Fuels Association

In 2012, American ethanol use helpedreduce the need for imported oil by an

estimated 462 million barrels. For perspective, that is more ethanol than America imports from 

Saudi Arabia each year.

Source: Renewable Fuels Association

Oil import dependence dropped to 41% in2012. Without ethanol, oil import dependence

would have been 48%.Source: Renewable Fuels Association

Growing Domestic Energy Supplies

Ethanol also has an impact on the domestic energy markets. Today, ethanol accounts for almost one out of every four gallons of domestically-produced fuel consumed by 

gasoline-powered vehicles.

Source: Renewable Fuels Association

Stimulating America’s Economy

Domestic ethanol production is an unrivaled economic engine in hundreds of communities all across the country. It is helping revitalize

rural communities, create new jobs requiring strong math and science skills, and putting more money in the pockets of Americans 

through increased wages and lower gasoline prices.

Ethanol and the Economy:

87,000 direct jobs 295,000 indirect/induced jobs $43.4 billion contribution to GDP $30.2 billion in household income

Source: Renewable Fuels Association

SAVING MONEY AT THE PUMP

Ethanol reduced gasoline prices by an average of $1.09 per gallon in 2011 

Source: Renewable Fuels Association

Source: Renewable Fuels Association

Today’s producers get more ethanol out of every bushel—and use less energy and water to do it. That’s the definition of 

sustainability.

Since 2001:

i. Natural gas energy required to produce agallon of ethanol has fallen 28%.

ii. Electricity use is down 32%.

Source: Renewable Fuels Association

iii. The amount of ethanol produced per bushelof corn has increased to 2.8 gallons,

 up more than 5%.

iv.  Water use has fallen to 2.7 gallons per gallonof ethanol, down 47% since 2001 and comparable to water use for gasoline 

production.

Source: Renewable Fuels Association

Ethanol’s energy balance is continually improving:

1 unit of energy invested in making ethanolyields up to 2.3 units of energy available for the 

consumer.

Source: Renewable Fuels Association

Ethanol reduces greenhouse gas emissions by40-50% when compared directly to gasoline.

Conclusion

The ethanol industry continues to make a significant contribution to the economy in terms of job creation, generation of tax revenue, and displacement of

imported crude oil. The importance of the ethanol industry to agriculture and rural economies is 

particularly notable. Continued growth and expansion of the ethanol industry through new technologies and feedstock will enhance the industry’s position as the 

original creator of green jobs, and will enable America to make further strides toward independence from 

imported fossil fuels. 

BRAZIL

Pure ethanol (100% ethanol) is used in approximately 40 percent of the cars in Brazil. The remaining vehicles use blends of 24 percent ethanol with 76 percent gasoline. Brazil consumes nearly 4 billion gallons of ethanol annually. In addition to consumption, Brazil also exports ethanol to other countries.

SWEDEN

Sweden has used ethanol in chemical production for many years. As a result, Sweden’s crude oil consumption has been cut in half since 1980. During the same time period, the use of gasoline and diesel for transportation has also increased

ETHANOL IN INDIA

India is initiating the use of ethanol as an automotive fuel. A move has been made by distilleries in India to use surplus ethanol as a blending agent or an oxygenate in gasoline.

Currently, the mandate is for 5 percent blending but if we go to 10 percent, one could save about Rs 8,000-9,000 crore of foreign exchange which is currently being 

used to import crude.

Source: www.moneycontrol.com

ACTUAL SCENE

Ethanol blending with petrol yet to gather steam

Some seven years have passed since the government launched the program  to 

blend 5 per cent ethanol with petrol. However, the desired blending has not yet been achieved 

because of problems over pricing and procurement.

Blending at the rate of 5 per cent will require 1,050 million liters ethanol 

annually. But the OMCs (Indian Oil, Bharat Petroleum and Hindustan Petroleum) have procured only 400 million liters since 

January 2013. 

Source: Business Today

Blending in states like Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Delhi and Karnataka has been taking 

place at 10 per cent.

 But in several other states like Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat only 5

per cent has been achieved.

 At the national level, only 2 to 2.5 per cent blending is happening against a target of 5 per 

cent. 

Source: Business Today

In the absence of a well knit policy in the past for purchasing and blending ethanol, not many distilleries have been producing ethanol. 

Only three distilleries attached to sugar mills had war years’ experience, and were able to gear themselves up to supply ethanol immediately.

The requirement of ethanol at 5 per cent blending is expected to rise from 465

million liters to 682 million liters.

Source: Ethanolindia.com

11 units in Uttar Pradesh -75 million liters7 units in Tamil Nadu -62.5 million liters8 units in Karnataka- 66.5 million liters

4 units in Andhra Pradesh-over 40 million

Similar steps have also be taken up by the cooperative sector units in Maharashtra, 

Punjab and UP. By the end of the year it is estimated that about 300 million liters capacity would have been created for the 

production of anhydrous ethanol.

Source: Ethanolindia.com

If additional cane available is utilized, the production of ethanol would be around 

1,485 million liters.

Source: Ethanolindia.com

The country imports 80% of its fuel but is mandated to blend 20% ethanol by 2017. 

Source: Ethanolindia.com

February 17, 2014

Indian oil companies buy record 720 million liters of ethanol from mills

In India, the country’s oil marketing companies have at last finalized a record ethanol purchase of 720 million liters of ethanol from sugar mills, making this the first year the country will reach its E5 blending target. The ethanol will reduce the country’s $20 billion annual fuel import bill by $1 billion. The OMCs paid between 56 and 60 cents per liter. About 230 million liters have already been picked up.Source: www.biofuelsdigest.com

RECENT HEADLINES

February 24, 2014

Indian edible oils company plans to set up corn-based ethanol

In India, Rasoya Proteins plans to invest $81 million in setting up additional soy oil production as well as a corn-based ethanol plant. The company believes that increased demand for ethanol for blending will provide a market to support the new investment.

Source: www.biofuelsdigest.com

RECENT HEADLINES

ON APRIL 7,2014

In India, the Inter-Ministerial Group has agreed to change the formula used to calculate the price sugar mills get for their ethanol, meaning that they will receive between 1 and 5 rupees per liter more during the next tender to supply from the crush starting in October. Mills have been holding back from participating in the tenders because it wasn’t financially viable at the prices the oil marketing companies were offering.

Source: www.biofuelsdigest.com

RECENT HEADLINES

Ethanol is part of our nation’s solution to reducing our dependency on imported oil, 

creating domestic jobs, cleaning our environment by reducing dangerous

emissions caused by burning gasoline, and helping to improve engine performance by 

adding much needed octane.

E-DIESEL CARS IN INDIA

HONDA AMAZE

TOYOTA INNOVA

HONDA CITY

Unlike biodiesel, there is no need to have a corporation. Ethanol can be made even in your

backyard. Those who want to save the environment are busy in producing ethanol in

their backyards; guidelines of the procedure are easily available.

MADE BY--

AKSHAY GAUTAM

THANK YOU