1)What are the 3 key concepts of Republicanism?

2)What were the 3 basic issues debated when drafting the Articles of Confederation?

3)What makes the Articles of Confederations weak?

With the person sitting next to you, discuss…

BELL RINGERLook in your notes if you must…

Objectives1) Describe Shay’s Rebellion

and what that represented.

2) Summarize the key conflicts at the Constitutional Convention.

3) Outline the form of government that the U.S. Constitution established.

From Weakness to Failure…

Why the Articles of Confederation Failed

Country lacked any national unity

• Each state functioned independently

9 of 13 had to agree to pass a new law

All states had to agree on an amendment

No one to enforce the laws (executive branch)

Didn’t recognize differences in populations

Problems with foreign nations, states had little

concern for the nation as a whole

• Especially with Spain and England

Huge debt from Revolutionary War

Congress could not enact or collect taxes

Congress could not regulate foreign trade

Huge debt from farmers

Shay’s Rebellion (1787) showed a serious problem. With so

many farmers willing to rebel, panic spread through the new

nation. James Madison & Alexander Hamilton called for a

convention to discuss the problems.

Political Economic

Back to the Drawing Board…After Shay’s Rebellion, it is evident that changes must be made. In may of 1787, 12 of the 13 states meet

in Philadelphia to figure out the changes that needed to me made to the Articles of Confederation. They soon realized they have to form a new government.

Key Issues at the

Constitutional Convention

Slavery IssuesWill slaves count as

people?

3/5th Compromise3/5th of a state’s

slaves will count for population

Big VS Small StatesThe Great Compromise

Bi-cameral Legislature • #1 based on

population• #2 has 2 per state

New Government Structure

FEDERALISM – divided power between the state and federal governmentsSeparation of Powers – 3 Branches, keeps one branch from getting too much power

The Great CompromiseVirginia Plan New Jersey

Plan

You need to remember FEDERALISM like Dory remembers P. Sherman 42 Wallaby way

Sydney!!

What is Federalism?

VS

Taking Up SidesFederalists Antifederalists Supported the Constitution

Included George

Washington & James

Madison

Heavy support from cities,

skilled workers, merchants,

and laborers

Small states and areas with

weak economy supported

the idea of a stronger

central government

Opposed the Constitution

Included Samuel Adams

and Patrick Henry

Supported from rural areas

People thought it would

add to their taxes

Large states and areas with

stronger economies had

greater freedom under the

Articles of Confederation

A war of words resulted in public debates. The Federalist Papers appeared in newspapers defending the Constitution. Letters from the Federal Farmer appeared as

a counter to the Papers. Most newspapers favored the Federalists.

AntifederalistAgainst the Constitution

FederalistFor the Constitution

Ratifying the Constitution

Antifederalists had a strong argument

against the Constitution. It lacked a “Bill of

Rights” which is a formal summary of

citizens’ rights.

People demanded a Bill of Rights to ease their fear of a strong central

government. They wanted written guarantee of freedom of speech,

press, religion

For many states ratification depended on the presence of a

Bill of Rights. The states recommended

80 amendments, then it was narrowed

to just 10.

First 10 Amendments = Bill of Rights• 1-8 concern personal liberties• 9th asserts that rights are not limited to those

specifically mentioned• 10th affirms that people and states have power

not specifically given to the national government

The Constitution is ratified and the new

government becomes a reality in 1789, however Rhode

Island did not ratify until 1790

Closure1) Describe Shay’s Rebellion

and what that represented.

2) Summarize the key conflicts at the Constitutional Convention.

3) Outline the form of government that the U.S. Constitution established.