MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
Prof. Dr. André Stork
Head of Competence Center 'Interactive Engineering Technologies'
Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Datenverarbeitung IGD
Fraunhoferstrasse 5 | 64283 Darmstadt | Germany
Telefon +49 6151 155-469 | Fax +49 6151 155-139
www.igd.fraunhofer.de
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Computer Science
Computer Graphics
Modelling, Interaction, Visualization
Industrial Applications
CH projects
ArtNouveau, VirtualShowcase, CineSpace, 3D-COFORM
MY BACKGROUND
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Interactive Engineering Technologies
Modelling Reality
Geometry, Behaviour, Knowledge
GPU-centered computing
Simulation, Visualization, Rendering
MY DEPARTMENT
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MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? MOTIVATION
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MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? MOTIVATION
research
sales & delivery
PR & marketing
acquisition
conservation
exhibition & education
documentation
display
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Museum
A …
building, place, or institution
devoted to the
acquisition, conservation, study, exhibition, and educational interpretation of objects
having
scientific, historical, or artistic value.
Industry
1. Commercial production and sale of goods.
2. The sector of an economy made up of manufacturing enterprises.
3. A specific branch of manufacture and trade, e.g. the textile industry.
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? DEFINITIONS
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition copyright ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009
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Museum
preserving culture and the past
entertain and educate visitors
support national education objectives
contribute to scholarship
publish
operate with financial efficiency
increasing competition, e.g.
cinemas, games
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? MISSION
Industry (car)
sell ‚mobility‘
entertain driver / passengers
technology leadership
Publish
Educate
maximize profits
competitive market
Korean, Indian, Chinese
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Museum
# of musuems: 17.500 (US only)
# of visitors
850 million visitors per year (US only)
approx. 50.000 visitors/museum
# of artifacts
uncountable
unique, irreplacable, infinite value
institution
often CH items themself
source: http://www.aam-us.org/ aboutmuseums/abc.cfm
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? STATISTICS
Industry (car)
# of cars produced in 2011 (Oct. 16)
approx. 48 Mio.
# of cars worldwide: > 600 Mio.
US: ~ 250 Mio.
~ 136 Mio. passenger cars
development and production costs
billions of $$ for a new car model
companies
hundreds of billions (stock value)
source: International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA))
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Museum
permanent collection
exhibition
loan objects
travelling exhibitions
items in museum shops
licences
knowledge
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? PRODUCTS
Industry (car)
cars
options
patents
service
accessoires
driving courses
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Museum
money spent by visitor
$7.22 per visitor
BUT cost of serving a visitor is $31.40
ticket prices are moderate
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? PRODUCT COSTS
Industry (car)
cost per car:
in the order of tens of thousands $$
average cost per mile:
52.2 cents (AAA)
car prices are much higher
break-even only after selling tens of thousands of the same type
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# US citizens: ~ 300 Mio.
~ 3 museum visits per head per year
for the money spend per visit
one can drive approx. 14 miles
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? SOME CALCULATIONS
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MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
acquisition
conservation research
exhibition & education
documentation
display sales & delivery
PR & marketing
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MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
acquisition
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Museum
Planning acquisition and exhibition
Influences
Identity
History
Scope
Expertise
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? ACQUISITION AND EXHIBITION PLANNING
( © Victoria Albert Museum)
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Industry (car)
Product planning
Influences
Tradition & Expertise
Technology / trends
Use scenarios
Legislative requirements
Demographics
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? PRODUCT PLANNING
( © image courtesy of BMW AG)
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MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
research
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Museum
Which era is the found from?
How was it made?
Which tools?
How did it look?
How did it work?
How does it affect society?
Building hypotheses …
Compare with others
Creating insight / expertise
Document current state of science
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? RESEARCH
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Museum
Chisel marks
tells us how somebody worked …
their lifestyle …
… we learn about ourselves …
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? RESEARCH
Image by Rusinkiewicz et al, 2006
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Museum
Assembly
parts of a whole
fragments
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? RESEARCH
( © Victoria Albert Museum)
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Museum
Object comparison
Industry
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? RESEARCH
( © KUL)
( © PartMaster)
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Industry (car)
How does the product have to be designed to function?
Does it still work after 100.000 km?
Can we produce it at reasonable costs?
digital 3D models as basis for the whole engineering process …
styling and design
simulation (up to 120 different tools)
production
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
( © Abaqus)
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Industry (car)
digital 3D models as basis for multiple simulations
assembling simulation
packaging
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
( © Fraunhofer SCAI)
( © Teraport)
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MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
( © Ansys)
( © PamStamp)
Industry (car)
digital 3D models as basis for multiple simulations
stamping
stress
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Museums
applications for simulation ?
support design
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
( © Fraunhofer iGD)
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MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
documentation
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Museum
Documentation
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? DOCUMENTATION
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Industry (car)
Product data management systems
3D models
people, groups
tasks
gates
project plans
access rights
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? DOCUMENTATION
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MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
conservation
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Museum
today
many pictures
conservation reports
tomorrow?
digital 3D documentation
3D scans before and after conservation
conservation reports attached to digital 3D models
long term digital preservation
life cycle documentation
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? CONSERVATION
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Industry (car)
digital 3D model (styling department)
numerical control (milling department)
physical model (1:4 or 1:1)
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? CONSERVATION: CAR INDUSTRY?
http://www.fiatmio.cc/makingof/en/
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Industry (car)
clay modelling
digitisation
digital 3D model
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? CONSERVATION: CAR INDUSTRY?
( © Breuckmann GmbH)
( © BMW AG / Daimler AG)
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MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? COMPARISON
Museums
complex objects
rough surfaces
depth complexity
geometric precision
points / triangles acceptable
material representation a MUST
requirement for accurate materials stimulated research, e.g.
=> TU Bonn
Industry (car)
Exterior
smooth surfaces
surface re-engineering into ‚editable‘ higher order surfaces
Interior
complex materials
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MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? GEOMETRY AND MATERIAL
( © Fraunhofer IGD)
© Fraunhofer IGD
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? GEOMETRY AND MATERIAL
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MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? MATERIAL AND GEOMETRY
( © Spheron)
( © Fraunhofer IGD)
© Fraunhofer IGD
Car interior
design reviews
car configurators
marketing
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? MATERIAL AND GEOMETRY
( © PI-VR)
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MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
display
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Museums
Manufacturing of …
individual replicas
higher volumes of instances for museum shops
rarely 3D and STL as basis for replica production
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? ‘PRODUCTION‘ FOR DISPLAY
( image courtesy of Cyprus Institute)
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Industry (car)
rapid prototyping (RP) for physical prototypes
high quality
digital factory planning
production of …
tens of thousands of cars
variations of the same model
all of the same size
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? PRODUCTION
( © Ford AG)
( © Opel GmbH)
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3D printing
Future: Print at home at any size!
Challenge: How to print realistically optically complex materials?
MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY? 3D PRINTING
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Industry (car)
3D-centered processes
digitally born objects
physical prototypes still vital
market concentration
big players
tendency to minimize number of tools
pressure on suppliers
parts, tools
software
SUMMARY
engineering
suppliers procurement
production
sales use
service
product planning
design
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SUMMARY
Museums
physically born objects
digital 3D documentation not yet a daily practical tool
many individual expertise
no central use of 3D
different structure
different requirements
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Museums / industry
many commonalities in business process stages
potentially similar use cases
Industry
does not work without digital 3D models anymore
learn from London Charter
trackable documentation, document as maintained (conserved)
Museums
3D as an add-on, not a vital part of the business processes yet
fragmented field
join together to maximize market power (requirements towards tailored software tools)
TAKE AWAY MESSAGES
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last decade: 3D in industry – this decade: 3D in CH at large
economic digitization AND documentation
industrialization of 3D digitization
3D internet helps 3D at large – cmp. 3D games
research !!!
OUTLOOK
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
QUESTIONS?