U.S. Expansion
1803-1860
Manifest Destiny
• John O’Sullivan
• Young America Movement– Free trade, social reform, westward expansion,
support for republicanism abroad– Political movement (Dem faction)– Literary movement
Reason for Expansion
• M.D.
• Force Acceptable
• Cheap/free land
• New immigrants
• Moral/religious justifications
• Transportation = canals, RRs
Presidents
• Tyler – Texas 1845
• Polk – Oregon, Mexico
Texas
• Moses/Stephen Austin• Land Grants• By 1830 whites outnumbered Mexicans• 1829 Mexico Outlaws slavery• 1834 – Santa Anna demands enforcement• Sam Houston leads revolt & declares Texas Ind.• The Alamo• Battle of San Jacinto – 1 costly siesta
Mexican War 1846-48
• Polk
• Slidell sent to purchase NM & Cali
• Zach Taylor to Rio Grande
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
• Whigs v Dems on expansion (slavery issue)
• Wilmot Proviso (1846)
• Mexican Cession
Oregon
• Once jointly owned by U.S., Brits, Spn, Russia
• Spain cedes – Adams-Onis (1819)
• Oregon Trail, “Oregon Fever” (1840’s)
• 54-40>>>49 – sell out to South?
Ostend Manifesto
• Franklin Pierce
• Attempt to buy Cuba from Spain accompanied by threats
• Anti-Slavery pressure to halt
• Leads to heightened tensions N v S