U.S. Expansion

1803-1860

Manifest Destiny

• John O’Sullivan

• Young America Movement– Free trade, social reform, westward expansion,

support for republicanism abroad– Political movement (Dem faction)– Literary movement

Reason for Expansion

• M.D.

• Force Acceptable

• Cheap/free land

• New immigrants

• Moral/religious justifications

• Transportation = canals, RRs

Presidents

• Tyler – Texas 1845

• Polk – Oregon, Mexico

Texas

• Moses/Stephen Austin• Land Grants• By 1830 whites outnumbered Mexicans• 1829 Mexico Outlaws slavery• 1834 – Santa Anna demands enforcement• Sam Houston leads revolt & declares Texas Ind.• The Alamo• Battle of San Jacinto – 1 costly siesta

Mexican War 1846-48

• Polk

• Slidell sent to purchase NM & Cali

• Zach Taylor to Rio Grande

• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)

• Whigs v Dems on expansion (slavery issue)

• Wilmot Proviso (1846)

• Mexican Cession

Oregon

• Once jointly owned by U.S., Brits, Spn, Russia

• Spain cedes – Adams-Onis (1819)

• Oregon Trail, “Oregon Fever” (1840’s)

• 54-40>>>49 – sell out to South?

Ostend Manifesto

• Franklin Pierce

• Attempt to buy Cuba from Spain accompanied by threats

• Anti-Slavery pressure to halt

• Leads to heightened tensions N v S