ULU SEGAMA MALUA SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT PROJECT -AN APPROACH OF WILDLIFE HABITAT REHABILITATION IN SABAH
Indra P Sunjoto¹, Peter Lagan ², Albert M. Radin3 and Samit Hj.Abd Sani4
ABS T R A C T
Th e Ul u Se g a m a Ma l u a Su s t a i n a b l e Fo r e s t Ma n a g e m e n t Pr o j e c t ha s the lar g e s t
con c e n t r a t i o n of en d a n g e r e d wi l d l i f e sp e c i e s in Sa b a h . Th e ma i n obj e c t i v e of the pr o j e c t is to
con s e r v e , pro t e c t , ma n a g e an d uti l i s e the for e s t res o u r c e s , wh i l e en s u r i n g tha t the
pr o d u c t i v e ca p a c i t y of the for e s t s for bo t h go o d s an d se r v i c e s is ma i n t a i n e d an d en h a n c e d .
Ab o u t 67 % of the pro j e c t ar e a is co v e r e d by de g r a d e d for e s t s ca u s e d by for e s t fi r e s an d
ba d ha r v e s t i n g pr a c t i c e s . Mo s t of the en d a n g e r e d wi l d l i f e is con c e n t r a t e d in the de g r a d e d
for e s t . Th i s is be c a u s e the ter r a i n is low- lyi n g an d rel a t i v e l y fla t, the soi l is ric h in mi n e r a l s ,
foo d is rea d i l y av a i l a b l e an d a ph e n o m e n o n tha t is ter m e d as “geo g r a p h i c a l l y tra p p e d”.
Cu r r e n t l y , se v e r a l for e s t ma n a g e m e n t ac t i v i t i e s su c h as sil v i c u l t u r e , for e s t res t o r a t i o n ,
wi l d l i f e mo n i t o r i n g an d res o u r c e pro t e c t i o n are bei n g imp l e m e n t e d to av o i d ha b i t a t
fra g m e n t a t i o n an d ha b i t a t los s .
Ke y w o r d s : con c e n t r a t i o n of en d a n g e r e d wi l d l i f e sp e c i e s , con s e r v a t i o n , de g r a d e d for e s t ,
for e s t ma n a g e m e n t .
¹ Di s t r i c t Fo r e s t r y Of f i c e r of Ul u Se g a m a Ma l u a
² As s i s t a n t Di s t r i c t Fo r e s t r y Of f i c e r , De r a m a k o t 3 Ma n a g e r , Fo r e s t Ma n a g e m e n t En t e r p r i s e 4 De p u t y He a d of Fo r e s t Re s o u r c e Ma n a g e m e n t Di v i s i o n
Sa b a h Fo r e s t r y De p a r t m e n t , Lo c k e d Ba g 68, 90009 Sa n d a k a n , Sa b a h , Ma l a y s i a .
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Th e Ul u Se g a m a- Ma l u a Su s t a i n a b l e Fo r e s t Ma n a g e m e n t Pr o j e c t (USM- SFM P), wh i c h
co v e r s an are a of 24 1 ,0 98 ha, wa s ini t i a t e d by the St a t e G o v e r n m e n t of Sa b a h to be
joi n t l y ma n a g e d by the Sa b a h Fo r e s t r y De p a r t m e n t (SFD) an d Ya y a s a n Sa b a h (YS)
for con s e r v a t i o n an d reh a b i l i t a t i o n of ha b i t a t for en d a n g e r e d wi l d l i f e . Th i s pr o j e c t wa s
lau n c h e d on the 15 th Ma r c h 2006, an o t h e r m i l e s t o n e of po l i t i c a l com m i t m e n t by the
St a t e Go v e r n m e n t of Sa b a h tow a r d s pr o t e c t i n g , co n s e r v i n g an d res t o r i n g thi s vi t a l
eco s y s t e m wh i c h ho l d s the lar g e s t con c e n t r a t i o n of en d a n g e r e d wi l d l i f e , no t a b l y the
or a n g ut a n , in Sa b a h .
What is so special about USM-SFMP?
(a) Richness in Biodiversity
Th i s are a is as t o u n d i n g l y ri ch in bi o d i v e r s i t y , an d hom e to ap p r o x i m a t e l y 4,500
or a n g ut a n s or 35 % of Sa b a h ’ s or a n g ut a n po p u l a t i o n . Th e for e s t ha b i t a t lie s in
the low l a n d s an d bas e d on rec e n t wi l d l i f e su r v e y s , ha s the hig h e s t
con c e n t r a t i o n of or a n g ut a n s on the Is l a n d of Bo r n e o (Ancr e n a z , 2007). It is
al s o the ho m e ran g e of the Sum a t r a n rhi n o , Bo r n e o n pyg m y el e p h a n t ,
tem b a d a u (wild ca t t l e), Cl o u d e d leo p a r d , Ho n e y be a r an d Bo r n e a n gi b b o n .
(b) High Conservation Value Forests (HCVF)
Th e low l a n d di p t e r o c a r p for e s t of US M SF M P is pe r h a p s the ri ch e s t an d mo s t
bi o- di v e r s e for e s t in Sa b a h . It al s o ac t s as a ‘bu f f e r ’ for the wo r l d fam o u s
Da n u m Va l l e y Co n s e r v a t i o n Ar e a (DVC A) an d is pa r t of a ‘wi l d l i f e co r r i d o r ’ tha t
lin k s the DV C A wi t h the Ma l i a u Ba s i n Co n s e r v a t i o n Ar e a . US M- SFM P are a
al s o for m s pa r t of the “Hea r t of Bo r n e o” (HoB).
(c) Adding value to the forest timber resources through proper management and forest certification.
Th i s is an ex p a n s i o n pr o g r a m of sou n d for e s t ma n a g e m e n t us i n g De r a m a k o t
as the be n c h m a r k , wh i c h has be e n ce r t i f i e d un d e r the Fo r e s t St e w a r d s h i p
Co u n c i l (FSC). It is en v i s a g e d tha t thi s ar e a , wh e n cer t i f i e d , wi l l ad d val u e or
pr e m i u m to its tim b e r res o u r c e s , on c e the pro d u c t i o n are a bec o m e s pr o d u c t i v e
in 30 to 40 ye a r s .
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Th e US M SFM P wh i c h is 24 1 , 098 ha in si z e , co n s i s t s of thr e e (3) cla s s e s of for e s t
res e r v e , as de s c r i b e d in Ta b l e 1. It is loc a t e d at the so u t h ea s t e r n pa r t of Sa b a h ,
si t u a t e d be t w e e n the lon g i t u d e of E 1 1 6 º 28’ an d E 1 1 8 º 14 an d lat i t u d e N 4 º 14’ an d N
5 º 18’ (Figu r e 1).
Ta b l e 1: Fo r e s t res e r v e s wi t h i n US M SF M P are a .
NoName of Forest
Reserve
Class of Forest
ReserveFunction Area (Ha)
1 Ul u Se g a m a II P r o d u c t i o n 202,8562 Ma l u a II P r o d u c t i o n 33,9693 Ka w a g Gi b o n g
VIVi r g i n Ju n g l e
Re s e r v e707
4 Me r i s u l iV I
Vi r g i n Ju n g l e Re s e r v e
552
5 Se p a g a y aVI
Vi r g i n Ju n g l e Re s e r v e
2,3 1 6
6 Sa p a g a y a I Pr o t e c t i o n 698Total 241,098
Fi g u r e 1: Lo c a t i o n of US M SFM P are a
Th e US M SFM P is pa r t of the Ya y a s a n Sa b a h Co n c e s s i o n are a s . In 1999 , it wa s
ha n d e d ove r to Be n t a W a w a s a n Sd n . Bh d . (a wh o l l y- ow n e d su b s i d i a r y of Inn o p r i s e
Co r p o r a t i o n Sd n . Bh d . f o r Ind u s t r i a l Tr e e Pl a n t a t i o n (ITP) dev e l o p m e n t . Ho w e v e r , the r e
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wa s gr o w i n g con c e r n fro m the ge n e r a l pu b l i c on the imp a c t of for e s t co n v e r s i o n
esp e c i a l l y on ora n g ut a n s . As a res u l t , the Sa b a h St a t e Go v e r n m e n t rev e r t e d the ITP
ar e a s to Na t u r a l Fo r e s t Ma n a g e m e n t (NFM) sta t u s in Oc t o b e r 2003. In Ma r c h 2006,
the ar e a wa s de c l a r e d to be ma n a g e d un d e r Su s t a i n a b l e Fo r e s t Ma n a g e m e n t foc u s i n g
on or a n g ut a n co n s e r v a t i o n .
2.0 MANAGEMENT STATUS
A Fo r e s t Ma n a g e m e n t Pl a n n i n g Te a m (FMP T) com p r i s i n g the Sa b a h Fo r e s t r y
De p a r t m e n t , Ya y a s a n Sa b a h , Sa b a h Wi l d l i f e De p a r t m e n t an d pro m i n e n t NG O s suc h
as Wo r l d w i d e Fu n d of Na t u r e (WWF), HU T A N (a No n Go v e r n m e n t Or g a n i z a t i o n for
ora n g ut a n con s e r v a t i o n), Sa b a h So c i e t y an d PA C O S (Par t n e r of Com m u n i t y
Or g a n i z a t i o n s), wa s for m e d to sp e a r h e a d the dev e l o p m e n t an d ma n a g e m e n t of the
pro j e c t ar e a .
Th e com m i t m e n t of the var i o u s sta k e h o l d e r s saw the fru i t i o n of the Fo r e s t
Ma n a g e m e n t Pl a n (FMP), wh i c h wa s ap p r o v e d by the Di r e c t o r of Fo r e s t r y an d
imp l e m e n t e d wi t h ef f e c t fro m 1 st Jan u a r y 2008 to 31 st De c e m b e r 20 1 7 . Th e int e n t of
thi s 10- yea r Fo r e s t Ma n a g e m e n t Pl a n is to ma n a g e the for e s t eco s y s t e m or eco l o g i c a l
res o u r c e s an d for e s t se r v i c e s wi t h i n the US M- SF M P are a on a su s t a i n a b l e ba s i s ,
wh i c h op t i m i s e s the eco n o m i c ret u r n s , an d ad d r e s s e s the so c i a l an d env i r o n m e n t a l
iss u e s . Th i s pl a n wi l l be rev i s e d ev e r y ten (10) yea r s .
3.0 MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES
3.1 Overall objective
Th e ma i n obj e c t i v e of the US M SFM P is to im p l e m e n t ac t i v i t i e s tow a r d s
co n s e r v a t i o n , pr o t e c t i o n , ma n a g e m e n t an d uti l i s a t i o n of for e s t res o u r c e s , wh i l e
en s u r i n g tha t the pro d u c t i v e ca p a c i t y of the for e s t s for bo t h go o d s an d se r v i c e s is
ma i n t a i n e d or en h a n c e d .
3.2 Specific objectives
Th e sp e c i f i c ma n a g e m e n t obj e c t i v e s ar e as fol l o w s :-
(a) Fauna Resources
(i) De s i g n a t i n g , pro t e c t i n g an d se c u r i n g sp e c i a l co n s e r v a t i o n/m a n a g e m e n t
are a s for or a n g ut a n s , Bo r n e a n pyg m y el e p h a n t , Su m a t r a n rhi n o s ,
tem b a d a u (wild ca t t l e) an d ot h e r sp e c i f i c wi l d l i f e sp e c i e s or ha b i t a t s .
(ii) De v e l o p i n g spe c i f i c str a t e g i e s to ma n a g e an d/or res t o r e de g r a d e d are a in
ord e r to pr o v i d e di v e r s e an d pro d u c t i v e wi l d l i f e ha b i t a t s an d ha b i t a t
com p o n e n t s .
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(iii) To pro t e c t sp e c i e s of spe c i a l con c e r n (oran g ut a n , Bo r n e o n py g m y
el e p h a n t , Su m a t r a n rhi n o an d tem b a d a u) an d pr o m o t e the i r rec o v e r y to
vi a b l e lev e l s .
(iv) To pro m o t e the wi s e us e of wi l d l i f e res o u r c e s to pro v i d e rec r e a t i o n a l ,
ae s t h e t i c an d ec o n o m i c be n e f i t s to the St a t e of Sa b a h .
(b) Floral Resources
(i) To pr o v i d e an d imp r o v e ha b i t a t for a di v e r s i t y of flo r a tha t rep r e s e n t s
som e of the ric h e s t st a n d s of Di p t e r o c a r p for e s t s in Sa b a h an d ot h e r
na t i v e wi l d pl a n t s an d pla n t com m u n i t i e s
(ii) To pro t e c t lis t e d en d a n g e r e d pl a n t sp e c i e s an d ha b i t a t s cr i t i c a l to the i r
su r v i v a l .
(c) Water Resources
(i) To pr o t e c t an d en h a n c e wa t e r res o u r c e s of Sg. Se g a m a an d Sg.
Ki n a b a t a n g a n .
(ii) To ma n a g e wa t e r res o u r c e s for ‘in-st r e a m ’ va l u e s an d fun c t i o n s su c h as
rec r e a t i o n , ae s t h e t i c enj o y m e n t an d ha b i t a t for aq u a t i c eco s y s t e m .
(d) Ecological (HCVF – High Conservation Value Forest)
(i) Co n s e r v i n g an d en h a n c i n g the bio l o g i c a l di v e r s i t y .
(ii) To pro t e c t ar e a s of sce n i c , hi s t o r i c , ge o l o g i c or ec o l o g i c a l si g n i f i c a n c e
thr o u g h the es t a b l i s h m e n t of na t u r a l ar e a s tha t wi l l rem a i n in an
un d i s t u r b e d sta t e , wi t h de v e l o p m e n t an d ma i n t e n a n c e bei n g lim i t e d to
tha t req u i r e d for pu b l i c he a l t h an d sa f e t y .
(iii) To ma i n t a i n an d res t o r e the ful l ar r a y of eco l o g i c a l fun c t i o n s wi t h i n an d
su r r o u n d i n g the US M SF M P are a , thr o u g h ma i n t a i n i n g an d res t o r i n g
for e s t co n n e c t i v i t y .
(iv) To exp l o r e of f s e t s an d tra d a b l e cr e d i t s as s o c i a t e d wi t h ca r b o n em i s s i o n s
an d bi o d i v e r s i t y bo t h fro m an ec o l o g i c a l an d so c i a l pe r s p e c t i v e .
(e) Recreation/ecotourism
(i) To pro v i d e he a l t h f u l , low de n s i t y rec r e a t i o n a l/e c o t o u r i s m op p o r t u n i t i e s
tha t are com p a t i b l e wi t h ma i n t a i n i n g the int e g r i t y of ec o s y s t e m .
(ii) De v e l o p i n g an d imp l e m e n t i n g coo r d i n a t e d rec r e a t i o n/e c o t o u r i s m
st r a t e g i e s .
(iii) To co- op e r a t e wi t h rel e v a n t st a t e ag e n c i e s in the pro m o t i o n of low
de n s i t y , eco l o g i c a l l y so u n d na t u r e tou r i s m op p o r t u n i t i e s as s o c i a t e d in
US M .
(f) Timber Resources
(i) To ma n a g e tim b e r res o u r c e s bas e d on the SFM con c e p t in ord e r to
pro v i d e su s t a i n a b l e eco n o m i c an d so c i a l be n e f i t s .
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(ii) To de t e r m i n e ap p r o p r i a t e an d su s t a i n a b l e tim b e r ha r v e s t sys t e m s , rul e s
an d lev e l s .
(iii) To ca r r y ou t for e s t reh a b i l i t a t i o n an d si l v i c u l t u r a l tre a t m e n t s tha t bu i l d up
an d su s t a i n pro d u c t i o n of hi g h va l u e tim b e r res o u r c e s .
(g) Research
(i) To str a t e g i s e an d pro m o t e res e a r c h pr o g r a m m e in US M in co o p e r a t i o n
wi t h the ex i s t i n g Da n u m Va l l e y Fi e l d Ce n t r e res e a r c h pro g r a m m e an d to
ma k e ava i l a b l e al l inf o r m a t i o n on for e s t res o u r c e s an d eco s y s t e m
ma n a g e m e n t .
(h) Carbon Sequestration
(i) To reh a b i l i t a t e de g r a d e d ar e a s for ca r b o n seq u e s t r a t i o n to com b a t
gl o b a l wa r m i n g .
(ii) To see k wa y s in wh i c h sup p l e m e n t a r y fun d s for ma n a g e m e n t an d
reh a b i l i t a t i o n of US M mi g h t be acq u i r e d thr o u g h its re d u c e d em i s s i o n
de f o r e s t a t i o n an d de g r a d a t i o n (RED D) an d ca r b o n se q u e s t r a t i o n .
(j) Biodiversity Credits
(i) To ex p l o r e the pos s i b i l i t i e s of ma r k e t i n g bi o d i v e r s i t y cr e d i t s sy s t e m in
co l l a b o r a t i o n wi t h ot h e r int e r e s t e d pa r t n e r(s).
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4.0 FOREST RESOURCE BASE
Th e dom i n a n t veg e t a t i o n co v e r of US M SF M P are a is Low l a n d M i x e d Di p t e r o c a r p
Fo r e s t . Alm o s t 60 % of the pr o j e c t ar e a is co v e r e d by thi s typ e of for e s t wh e r e b y , 60%
of the ba s a l ar e a an d 30 % of the to t a l tre e de n s i t y are rep r e s e n t e d by tre e s bel o n g i n g
to the Dipterocarpaceae fam i l y . Th e se c o n d lar g e s t for e s t typ e is Ul t r a m a f i c Fo r e s t
wh i c h is com m o n l y fou n d in the sur r o u n d i n g Da n u m Va l l e y , VJ R Se p a g a y a an d the
sou t h e r n pa r t of US M SFM P ar e a . Th e s e are a s are pr e d o m i n a n t l y ma d e up of rid g e s ,
st e e p l y di s s e c t e d sl o p e s (mor e tha n 25 º) and val l e y s . In the no r t h e r n pa r t of Ul u
Se g a m a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e , wh i c h wa s an n i h i l a t e d by for e s t fir e s du r i n g the dro u g h t of
1983 an d 1998 , the mo s t com m o n veg e t a t i o n is wi l d gi n g e r , tho r n y vi n e s , cli m b i n g
ba m b o o s , sh r u b s an d se c o n d a r y for e s t .
4.1 Forest Stratification
Sa t e l l i t e ima g e r y tak e n in 2006 (SPO T Im a g e), is use d to st r a t i f y the en t i r e US M
SFM P are a as ind i c a t e d in Ta b l e 2. Th e cr i t e r i o n use d for str a t i f i c a t i o n is ba s e d
on the num b e r of tre e s 40 cm db h as int e r p r e t e d fro m cro w n siz e. Ab o u t≥
160,96 7 ha or 67 % of US M SF M P ar e a is cl a s s i f i e d as ‘ver y po o r ’ for e s t , ‘goo d’
for e s t ab o u t 5% (13, 1 5 8 ha), ‘mod e r a t e ’ for e s t , 6% (16,607 ha) an d ‘poo r ’ for e s t
the rem a i n i n g 6% (11,8 1 5 ha). Re f e r Fi g u r e 2.
Ta b l e 2: Fo r e s t st r a t i f i c a t i o n of US M SFM P ar e a
Stratum DescriptionAvg # of trees/ha
(>40cm dbh)
Volume (m³/ha) Area (ha) %
St r a t u m 1 Go o d for e s t 40 220 13, 1 5 8 5.1 2St r a t u m 2 Mo d e r a t e
fo r e s t30 1 1 0 16,607 6.1 2
St r a t u m 3 Po o r fo r e s t 24 70 1 1 , 8 1 5 5.86St r a t u m 4 Ve r y po o r
fo r e s t10 20 160,96 7 66.84
Se c o n d a r y Fo r e s t
37,677 15.66
Fo r e s t Pl a n t a t i o n
Ta l i w a s Pl a n t a t i o n Ar e a
100 0.05
Ill e g a l oi l pa l m
655 0.22
Cl e a r e d ar e a Ex log g i n g cam p
1 1 9 0.04
TOTAL 241,098 100
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Fi g u r e 2: Ma p of for e s t st r a t i f i c a t i o n of US M SFM P ar e a
4.2 Forest Zoning
Th e US M SFM P are a is di v i d e d int o 426 com p a r t m e n t s of ma n a g e a b l e siz e s
(500 – 600 ha) ac c o r d i n g to the thr e e (3) ma i n for e s t fun c t i o n s , tha t is,
pr o t e c t i o n , con s e r v a t i o n an d pr o d u c t i o n . Th e rel e v a n t for e s t fun c t i o n is
pr e s c r i b e d to eac h com p a r t m e n t ba s e d on si t e de g r a d a t i o n ri s k s , ac t u a l gr o w i n g
st o c k , Hi g h Co n s e r v a t i o n Va l u e s (HCV s) – wa t e r s h e d , en d a n g e r e d flo r a an d
fau n a spe c i e s . Re f e r Fi g u r e 3.
Th e thr e e (3) for e s t fun c t i o n s wi t h the co r r e s p o n d i n g com p a r t m e n t s in US M
SFM P ar e a are:
(i) Protection• 1 1 com p a r t m e n t s .
• 4,274 ha (2%).
• To t a l l y Pr o t e c t e d Ar e a , de f i n e d by law (Prot e c t i o n Fo r e s t Re s e r v e
-Cl a s s I an d Vi r g i n Ju n g l e Re s e r v e - Cl a s s VI); pr i m a r i l y for the
pu r p o s e of ma i n t a i n i n g for e s t for pr o t e c t i o n of ec o s y s t e m se r v i c e s ,
no t a b l y wa t e r , so i l an d wi l d l i f e sa n c t u a r y .
(ii) Conservation• 160 com p a r t m e n t s
• 87,235 ha (36%)
• Sl o p e s >25 ° for pro t e c t i o n of wa t e r res o u r c e s ; sl o p e s <25 ° for HC V F s
su c h as ora n g ut a n an d ot h e r en d a n g e r e d wi l d l i f e spe c i e s .
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(iii) Production• 255 com p a r t m e n t s
• 149,5 89 ha (62%)
• Sl o p e s <25 ° bu t no t cr i t i c a l un d e r HC V F if m a n a g e d for tim b e r
pr o d u c t i o n em p l o y i n g RI L (Red u c e Im p a c t Lo g g i n g) me t h o d s .
Fi g u r e 3: Fo r e s t zon i n g in US M SFM P ar e a
5.0 WILDLIFE RESOURCES
USM SF M P ar e a for m s pa r t of a mu c h lar g e r ex p a n s e of the low l a n d m i x e d
Di p t e r o c a r p for e s t wh i c h dom i n a t e s the Ea s t e r n Sa b a h lan d s c a p e . It ho l d s the lar g e s t
nu m b e r of lar g e ma m m a l fau n a in Bo r n e o , a res u l t a n t of a onc e ri ch wi l d l i f e ha b i t a t
wh e r e the so i l is ri ch in m i n e r a l s (Mar s h , 1995). Th i s for e s t co n s t i t u t e s pa r t of the
lar g e s t rem a i n i n g un f r a g m e n t e d for e s t in Sa b a h wi t h the lar g e s t po p u l a t i o n of ora n g
ut a n s (Ancr e n a z et. al, 2005).
Th e are a wa s log g e d rep e a t e d l y si n c e the 1 9 6 0 s ’ un t i l De c e m b e r 2007. Th e for e s t
str u c t u r e an d ca p a c i t y ha v e be e n dra s t i c a l l y al t e r e d , wh i c h ha s adv e r s e l y af f e c t e d
wi l d l i f e be c a u s e of ha b i t a t fra g m e n t a t i o n an d sca r c i t y of foo d .
A rap i d as s e s s m e n t (expe d i t i o n s , pe r m a n e n t tra n s e c t su r v e y s an d ae r i a l or a n g ut a n
ne s t cen s u s) of ga t h e r i n g inf o r m a t i o n on wi l d l i f e wa s joi n t l y co n d u c t e d by the Sa b a h
Fo r e s t r y De p a r t m e n t , Ya y a s a n Sa b a h , Sa b a h W i l d l i f e De p a r t m e n t , WW F (Mal a y s i a)
an d HU T A N . Th i s inf o r m a t i o n is inc o r p o r a t e d in the FM P for wi l d l i f e ma n a g e m e n t .
9
Th e r e are two (2) key en d a n g e r e d ma m m a l i a n sp e c i e s com m o n l y fou n d . Th e y ar e the
or a n g ut a n (Pongo pygmaeus morio) and the Bo r n e a n pyg m y el e p h a n t (Elephas maximus borneensis). Th e ot h e r thr e e (3) wh i c h are ra r e an d hav e be e n si g h t e d ar e
the Te m b a d a u (Bos javanicus), the Sum a t r a n rhi n o c e r o s (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni) and the Cl o u d e d leo p a r d (Neofelis diardi).
5.1 Status of orang utan
Ba s e d on ae r i a l ne s t cen s u s an d gr o u n d tra n s e c t su r v e y s by SF D an d HU T A N , the
es t i m a t e d nu m b e r of or a n g ut a n is ab o u t 2,600 ind i v i d u a l s (Ancr e a n z et al, 2007). Th e
di s t r i b u t i o n of or a n g ut a n is ill u s t r a t e d in Fi g u r e 4. Or a n g ut a n s are wi d e s p r e a d an d
ca n be fou n d thr o u g h o u t the for e s t of US M SF M P . Th o u g h the i r nu m b e r s ha s dw i n d l e d
in the ea s t e r n mo s t pa r t of the ar e a , or a n g ut a n de n s i t i e s are no t eve n l y di s t r i b u t e d
wi t h i n the are a , wh e r e the ge n e r a l pa t t e r n of inc r e a s i n g de n s i t i e s is fro m ea s t to we s t
of the US M SF M P are a . Th e de n s i t y of or a n g ut a n is illu s t r a t e d in Fi g u r e 5.
Th e di s t r i b u t i o n an d ab u n d a n c e of or a n g ut a n wi t h i n the US M SF M P are a ar e
inf l u e n c e d by the fol l o w i n g fac t o r s :-
(i) Presence of large rivers
Th e ex i s t e n c e of lar g e wa t e r bo d i e s pre v e n t s the m i g r a t i o n of or a n g ut a n . At
the no r t h e r n pa r t of Ul u Se g a m a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e , the Se g a m a Ri v e r ha s
com p l e t e l y iso l a t e d a sub po p u l a t i o n of ora n g ut a n fro m the ma i n bo d y of the
res e r v e . Th e ri ve r is far too wi d e to al l o w for ora n g ut a n cro s s i n g s . Ec o l o g i c a l l y ,
ora n g ut a n s can n o t sw i m . It is es t i m a t e d tha t ab o u t 180 – 200 ind i v i d u a l s are
iso l a t e d .
(ii) Unsuitable soils and habitat types
Fo r e s t s on Ul t r a ba s i c so i l s or Ul t r a m a f i c for e s t s do no t su s t a i n a vi a b l e
po p u l a t i o n of or a n g ut a n du e to sca r c i t y of foo d so u r c e . Th i s is sup p o r t e d by
gro u n d tra n s e c t su r v e y s .
(iii) Altitude
Or a n g ut a n s pre f e r the low l a n d mi x e d di p t e r o c a r p for e s t , sw a m p for e s t an d
for e s t s bel o w 200 m el e v a t i o n or al t i t u d e . In the US M SF M P are a , the tre n d of
di s t r i b u t i o n ind i c a t e s ab n o r m a l de n s i t y ve r s u s al t i t u d e du e to log g i n g an d lan d
co n v e r s i o n , res u l t i n g in a for c e d mi g r a t i o n of ora n g ut a n s int o the les s pre f e r r e d
hi g h e r al t i t u d e for e s t s . Th i s ph e n o m e n o n wa s obs e r v e d at the sou t h we s t of
Ul u Se g a m a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e .
Fi g u r e 4: Di s t r i b u t i o n of or a n g ut a n po p u l a t i o n in US M SFM P ar e a
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1 1
Fi g u r e 5: Or a n g ut a n po p u l a t i o n de n s i t y wi t h i n US M SFM P ar e a
Th e ma j o r thr e a t s of ora n g ut a n s wi t h i n the US M SF M P are a ar e:
(a) Habitat over-exploitation and destruction of major food sources
Co n s i d e r a b l e am o u n t of the ma j o r foo d sou r c e s of or a n g ut a n s are
ha r v e s t e d or dam a g e d du r i n g log g i n g op e r a t i o n s , wh i c h saw a rap i d de c l i n e
of res i d e n t po p u l a t i o n s , es p e c i a l l y in the no r t h e r n pa r t of Ul u Se g a m a
Fo r e s t Re s e r v e . Th e s e he a v i l y de g r a d e d for e s t s ar e st i l l ho m e to a
si g n i f i c a n t nu m b e r of or a n g ut a n s an d ob s e r v a t i o n s ind i c a t e tha t pi o n e e r
sp e c i e s , su c h as La r a n (Anthocephalus chinensis) are ke y foo d so u r c e s of
ora n g ut a n . Re f e r Fi g u r e 6.
(b) Habitat fragmentation resulting in isolated sub-populations
Re m o v i n g lar g e rip a r i a n tre e s alo n g riv e r ba n k s of ma j o r riv e r s an d
tri b u t a r i e s wi l l res u l t in the rem o v a l of na t u r a l br i d g e s for m e d by lar g e
bra n c h e s , wh i c h ar e us e d by or a n g ut a n s to m i g r a t e fro m on e ha b i t a t to the
ot h e r . Th i s wi l l eve n t u a l l y cr e a t e iso l a t i o n of su b- po p u l a t i o n s on ei t h e r si d e
of the ri ve r . Th e dec r e a s e in si z e of a su b- po p u l a t i o n wi l l di s r u p t pr o p e r
ge n e flow an d wi l l inc r e a s e po p u l a t i o n sen s i t i v i t y to na t u r a l ca t a s t r o p h e s
su c h as in-bre e d i n g , res u l t i n g in a hig h ri s k of loc a l ex t i n c t i o n .
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Fi g u r e 6: La r a n (Anthocephalus chinensis) is a ke y foo d sou r c e for ora n g uta n at de g r a d e d an d se c o n d a r y for e s t .
5.2 Status of Bornean pygmy elephant.
Bo r n e a n pyg m y ele p h a n t s ar e wi d e s p r e a d con c e n t r a t i n g mo s t l y in the ma j o r
va l l e y s of the cen t r a l pa r t of Ul u Se g a m a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e (betw e e n Bo l e Ri v e r
an d Ka w a g Ri v e r), the sou t h e r n ba n k of the Se g a m a Ri v e r in the no r t h e r n pa r t of
Ul u Se g a m a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e an d the fla t ar e a s of Ma l u a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e . Th e y
avo i d st e e p ar e a s an d ma i n t a i n the wi d e s t ra n g e of al l lar g e ma m m a l s . Re f e r
Fi g u r e 7.
In co n t r a s t to ot h e r ma m m a l s tha t ar e imp a c t e d by for e s t ex p l o i t a t i o n an d
de g r a d a t i o n , el e p h a n t s see m to thr i v e in ex p l o i t e d for e s t s , tak i n g ad v a n t a g e of
op e n gr a z i n g are a s an d log g i n g roa d ne t w o r k s . Ho w e v e r , log g i n g roa d s do ha v e
an imp a c t on el e p h a n t , es p e c i a l l y the lou d an d di s r u p t i v e roa d tra f f i c wh i c h hav e
int e r r u p t e d an d del a y e d fee d i n g se s s i o n s , for c i n g so l i t a r y an i m a l s to mo v e
de e p e r int o the for e s t .
Th e es t i m a t e d po p u l a t i o n is ab o u t 250 ind i v i d u a l s , wi t h a 30 km ² hom e ran g e .
Th e y mo v e in a he r d co n s i s t i n g of 30 – 45 ind i v i d u a l s . Th i s he r d is fur t h e r
sep a r a t e d int o sm a l l e r he r d s of 7 – 8 ind i v i d u a l s wh i c h sha r e the sam e ho m e
ran g e . It tak e s ab o u t 6 mo n t h s for the ele p h a n t s to co v e r the i r hom e ran g e
for a g i n g for foo d . Th e i r m o v e m e n t is al s o gov e r n e d by the av a i l a b i l i t y of wa t e r
sou r c e s (Alfr e d, Kh e e an d Ko h , 2007).
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Fi g u r e 7: Th e ho m e ran g e of Bo r n e a n py g m y ele p h a n t s in US M SFM P ar e a
A ma j o r thr e a t to the Bo r n e a n pyg m y el e p h a n t s is ha b i t a t los s thr o u g h lan d
con v e r s i o n , no t a b l y ag r i c u l t u r e . Th e oi l pa l m pla n t a t i o n s tha t su r r o u n d s the
pr o j e c t ar e a has br o u g h t ab o u t hum a n- ani m a l co n f l i c t . Th e ki l l i n g of an el e p h a n t
wa s rec o r d e d in 2007 af t e r it ha d cau s e d ex t e n s i v e dam a g e to an oi l pa l m
pla n t a t i o n adj a c e n t to the pro j e c t are a .
Fi g u r e 8: El e p h a n t- hu m a n con f l i c t ca u s e inc i d e n t of ille g a l kil l i n g in 2007.
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5.3 Status of tembadau (wild cattle) and Sumatran rhinoceros.
Te m b a d a u or ba n t e n g (Bos javanicus) is on e of the ke y pro t e c t e d spe c i e s .
Inf o r m a t i o n on the tem b a d a u in the pro j e c t ar e a is sti l l lim i t e d . Ba s e d on
si g h t i n g s an d cam e r a tra p p i n g s , tem b a d a u pre f e r the fla t ar e a s , riv e r va l l e y s an d
the ge n t l y un d u l a t i n g hi l l s . Ma l u a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e hol d s the lar g e s t con c e n t r a t i o n
of tem b a d a u . Fi g u r e 9 sho w s the hom e ran g e of tem b a d a u s in Ma l u a Fo r e s t
Re s e r v e . It is es t i m a t e d tha t the r e are 20 res i d e n t ind i v i d u a l s in Ma l u a Fo r e s t
Re s e r v e , mo v i n g in he r d s of 3 to 5 ind i v i d u a l s . Te m b a d a u s ar e gra z e r s an d see n
to thr i v e in de g r a d e d for e s t s wh e r e the r e ar e op e n gr a s s y ar e a s an d al s o use the
log g i n g roa d ne t w o r k to for a g e . Te m b a d a u s unl i k e el e p h a n t s , are hu n t e d dow n
by po a c h e r s , an d are hig h l y sen s i t i v e to hu m a n pre s e n c e an d di s t u r b a n c e .
Fi e l d su r v e y s rev e a l e d tha t on l y the no r t h e r n pa r t of Ma l u a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e sh o w
sig n s of the pr e s e n c e of a Sum a t r a n rhi n o c e r o s (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harissoni). Po a c h i n g an d ha b i t a t los s ar e the tw o ma i n thr e a t s to the Sum a t r a n
rhi n o c e r o s in the US M SFM P ar e a .
Fi g u r e 9: Te m b a d a u hom e ran g e in US M SF M P ar e a
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Fi g u r e 10: Ca m e r a tra p p i n g of Te m b a d a u s in Ma l u a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e
6.0 MANAGEMENT INTERVENTION
Si n c e the inc e p t i o n of the pr o j e c t in Ma r c h 2006, se v e r a l for e s t ma n a g e m e n t ac t i v i t i e s
ha v e be e n ag g r e s s i v e l y imp l e m e n t e d . Th e s e ac t i v i t i e s are sil v i c u l t u r e tre a t m e n t , for e s t
res t o r a t i o n , for e s t pro t e c t i o n , wi l d l i f e mo n i t o r i n g an d inf r a s t r u c t u r e de v e l o p m e n t .
6.1 Silviculture
Ti m b e r st a n d imp r o v e m e n t wh i c h is com m o n l y kn o w n as Si l v i c u l t u r e tre a t m e n t
cr e a t e s fav o u r a b l e co n d i t i o n s for gro w t h of the na t u r a l re g e n e r a t i o n s an d the
po t e n t i a l cr o p tre e s (PCT s) in pa r t i c u l a r , by rem o v i n g ov e r t o p p i n g or com p e t i n g
veg e t a t i o n , su c h as cl im b i n g bam b o o s an d wo o d y vi n e s . Th i s tre a t m e n t is
con f i n e d wi t h i n the pro d u c t i o n ar e a wh i c h fal l s un d e r st r a t a 2, 3 an d 4. Th e
tot a l ar e a to be tre a t e d is ab o u t 80,000 ha. Un d e r the fi rs t ten (10)-yea r
pl a n n i n g pe r i o d , the tar g e t are a is ab o u t 40,000 ha (4,000 ha pe r an n u m).
To da t e , ap p r o x i m a t e l y 10,000 ha of for e s t s ha v e be e n tre a t e d (Figu r e 1 1).
Th i s ac t i v i t y is ca r r i e d ou t by Ya y a s a n Sa b a h thr o u g h the i r ap p o i n t e d
con t r a c t o r at a co s t of RM 350.00 pe r ha. Re s u l t s fro m Pe r m a n e n t Sa m p l i n g
Pl o t s (PSP s) es t a b l i s h e d in the pr o j e c t are a ind i c a t e s a me a n an n u a l inc r e m e n t
of 0.8 cm to 1.2 cm. Th i s jus t i f i e s the ne e d for Si l v i c u l t u r e to be car r i e d ou t in
log g e d ove r for e s t s wh i c h en h a n c e s gro w t h an d imp r o v e s tim b e r st o c k i n g
qu a l i t y .
16
Fi g u r e 1 1 : Si l v i c u l t u r e tre a t m e n t are a si n c e yea r 2006
6.2 Forest Restoration
Th e foc u s of for e s t reh a b i l i t a t i o n in the fir s t 10- ye a r pl a n n i n g pe r i o d is in the
pr o d u c t i o n an d co n s e r v a t i o n ar e a s tha t is he a v i l y de g r a d e d an d vi r t u a l l y de v o i d
of tre e co v e r . Th e s e ar e a s are cl a s s i f i e d un d e r St r a t u m 4 (very po o r for e s t),
se c o n d a r y for e s t (shru b s an d he r b a c e o u s ve g e t a t i o n), an d the en c r o a c h e d
ar e a s wh i c h are pl a n t e d wi t h ille g a l oi l pa l m tot a l l i n g ab o u t 70,000 ha. It is
en v i s a g e d tha t the s e are a s wi l l on l y be pr o d u c t i v e in the ne x t 40 yea r s , if it is
lef t to reg e n e r a t e na t u r a l l y . It is for thi s rea s o n tha t pl a n t i n g wa s pla n n e d to
reh a b i l i t a t e 12,700 ha of the he a v i l y de g r a d e d for e s t (Tabl e 3).
Ta b l e 3: Ar e a s to be reh a b i l i t a t e d in US M SFM P ar e a (2008 -20 1 7)
Year Conservation Zone (Ha)
Production Zone (Ha)
Protection Zone (Ha) Total (Ha)
2008 650 250 150 10502009 1,200 250 150 1,60020 1 0 1,200 250 50 1,50020 1 1 1,200 250 1,45020 1 2 1,200 250 1,45020 1 3 1,200 250 1,45020 1 4 800 250 105020 1 5 800 250 105020 1 6 800 250 105020 1 7 800 250 1050Total 9,850 2,500 350 12,700
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Th e ul t i m a t e go a l s of for e s t reh a b i l i t a t i o n tha t is be i n g imp l e m e n t e d in the US M
SFM P ar e a are:
(i) Fo r Pr o d u c t i o n com p a r t m e n t s : to bu i l d up an d su s t a i n pr o d u c t i o n of hi g h
va l u e tim b e r res o u r c e s ;
(ii) Fo r Pr o t e c t i o n an d Co n s e r v a t i o n com p a r t m e n t s : to en h a n c e cr i t i c a l wi l d l i f e
ha b i t a t by im p r o v i n g di v e r s i t y , qu a l i t y an d ca p a c i t y of the for e s t s , in
pa r t i c u l a r ora n g ut a n ha b i t a t .
Th e tw o (2) typ e s of pl a n t i n g me t h o d is as de s c r i b e d in Ta b l e 4.
Ta b l e 4: Pl a n t i n g me t h o d us e d in US M SFM P are a bas e d on si t e sp e c i f i c .
Ve g e t a t i o n Co v e r Pl a n t i n g Me t h o d De s c r i p t i o nPo o r fo r e s t an d se c o n d a r y fo r e s t
Ga p Pl a n t i n g • Sp a c i n g : 12.5 m x 12.5 m• Ma x . nu m b e r of pla n t i n g po i n t/ha: 64• Num b e r of se e d l i n g s pe r po i n t : 4
se e d l i n g s pla n t e d in a cl u s t e r in the for m of “Y”
• Num b e r se e d l i n g s/h a : 256
• Sp e c i e s com p o s i t i o n : 50:50 of Di p t e r o c a r p vs no n Di p t e r o c a r p
• 100 % cut t i n g of wo o d y cl i m b e r s an d ve i n s
< 3 cm db h
He r b a c e o u s ve g e t a t i o n , sh r u b an d ex- ille g a l oil pa l m (encr o a c h e d are a s)
Op e n Pl a n t i n g • Sp a c i n g : 7.5 m x 7.5 m• Ma x . nu m b e r of pla n t i n g po i n t/ha: 178• Sin g l e pl a n t i n g , on e se e d l i n g pe r po i n t• Num b e r se e d l i n g s/h a : 178• Sp e c i e s com p o s i t i o n - 50:50 of pio n e e r vs
ot h e r ligh t de m a n d i n g spe c i e s (incl u s i v e wi l d fr u i t see d l i n g)
Ap p r o x i m a t e l y 700 ha wi t h i n the co n s e r v a t i o n an d pro t e c t i o n are a ha v e be e n
pla n t e d us i n g fun d s fro m do n o r s , as lis t e d in Ta b l e 5. Th e reh a b i l i t a t e d ar e a s
ar e sh o w n in Fi g u r e 12.
Ta b l e 5: Re h a b i l i t a t e d are a s in US M SF M P are a .
No Compartment #
Forest Function Area (ha) Contributor
1 105, 107 Co n s e r v a t i o n 600 Ya y a s a n Sa b a h2 109 Co n s e r v a t i o n 50 WW F (Mala y s i a)3 12 1 Pr o t e c t i o n 50 AR C U S Fo u n d a t i o n
TOTAL 700
Fr o m fie l d ex p e r i e n c e , the co s t of re h a b i l i t a t i o n is ab o u t RM 3,500.00 to RM
4,000.00 pe r ha. Th i s inc l u d e s si t e pr e p a r a t i o n , see d l i n g pr o c u r e m e n t , pl a n t i n g ,
fer t i l i s e r s an d ma i n t e n a n c e of pl a n t e d see d l i n g s ove r a pe r i o d of 4 yea r s .
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Fi g u r e 12: Re h a b i l i t a t e d com p a r t m e n t s in US M SF M P are a
6.3 Forest Protection
Th e US M SFM P are a is ga r g a n t u a n wh e r e ab o u t 75 % of its bo u n d a r y in the
no r t h , sou t h an d eas t , is sha r e d wi t h pr i v a t e lan d s an d oi l pa l m pla n t a t i o n s . It is
no t po r o u s in the we s t e r n pa r t be c a u s e it sha r e s the sam e bo u n d a r y wi t h
ad j a c e n t for e s t res e r v e s . Ne v e r t h e l e s s , the US M SFM P ar e a is sti l l ve r y
ac c e s s i b l e wi t h so ma n y roa d ne t w o r k s wh i c h ex p o s e s thi s for e s t en t i t y to
thr e a t s of en c r o a c h m e n t , po a c h i n g an d for e s t fir e s .
Co m m o n for e s t of f e n c e s tha t oc c u r s in the US M SF M P are a ar e:-
(a) Tr a d i t i o n a l tim b e r ha r v e s t i n g alo n g Se g a m a Ri v e r (rive r i n e fel l i n g by
vi l l a g e r s)
(b) Po a c h i n g
(c) En c r o a c h m e n t (oil pa l m cul t i v a t i o n)
(d) Ill e g a l en t r y ( Ga h a r u co l l e c t o r s an d pr o s p e c t o r s)
St r a t e g i e s tak e n to ove r c o m e the s e thr e a t s ar e:-
(i) Es t a b l i s h m e n t of se v e r a l gu a r d po s t s wh i c h ar e ma n n e d on a ful l tim e
ba s i s by the Ya y a s a n Sa b a h sta f f ;
(ii) Iss u a n c e of ga t e pa s s e s by Ya y a s a n Sa b a h an d mo n i t o r e d by SF D ;
(iii) Ins t a l l a t i o n of si g n b o a r d s at ma i n en t r y po i n t s ;
(iv) Gr o u n d pa t r o l by SF D an d Ya y a s a n Sa b a h En f o r c e m e n t st a f f s ;
(v) Mo n t h l y ae r i a l su r v e i l l a n c e for bo u n d a r y che c k s an d con t r o l ;
(vi) Ri v e r pa t r o l to mo n i t o r ille g a l fel l i n g al o n g the Se g a m a Ri v e r (rive r i n e
fel l i n g);
(vii) Cl o s i n g/b o t c h i n g of irre l e v a n t en t r y poi n t s to pre v e n t po a c h i n g ;
19
(viii) De s t r u c t i o n of ill e g a l oi l pa l m an d se t t l e m e n t wi t h i n the US M SFM P
ar e a ;
(ix) Co n s u l t a t i o n wi t h loc a l com m u n i t i e s res i d i n g dow n s t r e a m al o n g
Se g a m a Ri v e r ;
(x) En g a g i n g wi t h the pol i c e de p a r t m e n t for en f o r c e m e n t an d se c u r i t y as
we l l as con d u c t i n g joi n t en f o r c e m e n t wo r k wi t h the Sa b a h W i l d l i f e
De p a r t m e n t an d WW F pe r s o n n e l .
As a res u l t of thi s con t i n u o u s pr o t e c t i o n wo r k , 21 pe o p l e we r e ar r e s t e d an d
pe r s e c u t e d , an d se v e r a l eq u i p m e n t an d pr o d u c t s , con f i s c a t e d an d/or de s t r o y e d
(Tabl e 6).
Ta b l e 6: Th e ach i e v e m e n t of for e s t pro t e c t i o n (2006 – 2008)
No Item Note1 1845 pi e c e s of
con v e r t e d tim b e r (221.0 m ³)
Co n f i s c a t e d
2 21 pe o p l e Ar r e s t e d an d pr o s e c u t e d3 1 lor r y an d 2 veh i c l e s
pi c k upCo n f i s c a t e d
4 1 ex c a v a t o r Co n f i s c a t e d5 4 mo t o r c y c l e s Co n f i s c a t e d6 4 cha i n s a w s Co n f i s c a t e d7 2 bo a t s De s t r o y e d8 5 kg of ga h a r u Co n f i s c a t e d9 42 ho u s e s De s t r o y e d10 320 ha ille g a l oi l pa l m De s t r o y e d
6.4 Wildlife Monitoring
Ma j o r co n c e r n s reg a r d i n g Wi l d l i f e in the US M SF M P are a are as fol l o w s :-
(i) To se c u r e a lar g e an d vi a b l e po p u l a t i o n of or a n g ut a n wi t h i n the pr o j e c t
ar e a ;
(ii) Su s t a i n i n g the po p u l a t i o n of en d a n g e r e d an d pr o t e c t e d wi l d l i f e spe c i e s
wi t h i n the i r cu r r e n t ran g e , wi t h the int e n t i o n of inc r e a s i n g the i r
po p u l a t i o n ;
(iii) Pr o v i d i n g a se c u r e env i r o n m e n t so tha t al l wi l d l i f e wi l l fl ou r i s h ;
20
Se v e r a l ac t i v i t i e s ha v e be e n car r i e d ou t in ord e r to ad d r e s s thi s. Th e s e ar e:-
(a) Cr e a t i o n of se v e r a l pe r m a n e n t wi l d l i f e tra n s e c t s at ke y ar e a s an d col l e c t i n g
ba s e l i n e da t a ;
(b) Ae r i a l ne s t co u n t i n g to es t i m a t e po p u l a t i o n de n s i t i e s of ora n g ut a n s ;
(c) Mo n i t o r i n g the us a g e of tra i l s or co r r i d o r s at ke y ar e a s by the Bo r n e a n
pyg m y el e p h a n t s an d tem b a d a u ;
(d) Mo n i t o r i n g the imp o r t a n c e of na t u r a l sa l t lic k s for wi l d l i f e us i n g the cam e r a
tra p me t h o d ;
(e) Mo n i t o r i n g or a n g ut a n ne s t de c a y rat e for the pu r p o s e of fut u r e po p u l a t i o n
de n s i t y es t i m a t i o n ;
(f) Op p o r t u n i s t i c si g h t i n g s to de t e r m i n e sp e c i e s di s t r i b u t i o n of va r i o u s an i m a l
spe c i e s .
6.5 Yayasan Sabah Forest Rehabilitation Endeavour
Ya y a s a n Sa b a h thr o u g h its inv e s t m e n t arm , Inn o p r i s e Co r p o r a t i o n Sd n . Bh d .
an d the Fo r e s t Ab s o r b i n g Ca r b o n Di o x i d e Em i s s i o n s (FACE) Fo u n d a t i o n of the
Ne t h e r l a n d s , st a r t e d a for e s t reh a b i l i t a t i o n pr o g r a m m e in 1992 . Th i s pr o j e c t is
kno w n as the Inn o p r i s e – FA C E Ra i n f o r e s t Re h a b i l i t a t i o n Pr o j e c t (INFA P R O).
Th e ma i n ob j e c t i v e is to reh a b i l i t a t e 25,000 ha of de g r a d e d for e s t wi t h
ind i g e n o u s di p t e r o c a r p s an d ot h e r les s e r kno w n com m e r c i a l tim b e r sp e c i e s
thr o u g h en r i c h m e n t pl a n t i n g an d al s o ten d i n g of ex i s t i n g na t u r a l re g e n e r a t i o n .
Th e se c o n d a r y ob j e c t i v e is to of f s e t ca r b o n di o x i d e (CO 2 )emi s s i o n s pro d u c e d
du r i n g pow e r ge n e r a t i o n in the Ne t h e r l a n d s .
To da t e , ab o u t 5,895 ha of the de g r a d e d for e s t ha v e be e n res t o r e d an d 5,33 1
ha ten d e d (timb e r st a n d imp r o v e m e n t) wi t h i n Ul u Se g a m a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e . A
lot of exp e r i e n c e s hav e be e n gai n e d an d les s o n s lea r n t ove r the yea r s si n c e its
inc e p t i o n . Th i s inc l u d e s the dev e l o p m e n t of va r i o u s tec h n i c a l gu i d e l i n e s on the
op e r a t i o n a l lev e l , an d the sc i e n t i f i c kno w l e d g e gai n e d thr o u g h res e a r c h .
6.6 Forest Certification
It is pl a n n e d to ha v e the US M SFM P are a cer t i f i e d as a “wel l m a n a g e d ” for e s t
in (2) ye a r s tim e. A pre as s e s s m e n t of the pro j e c t are a wa s ca r r i e d ou t an d a
cer t i f i c a t i o n su p p o r t pr o g r a m m e dr a w n up to br i n g the are a un d e r ce r t i f i c a t i o n
wi t h i n (2) yea r s . Th e cer t i f i c a t i o n su p p o r t pr o g r a m wa s sup p o r t e d by WW F
(Mal a y s i a). A Me m o r a n d u m of Un d e r s t a n d i n g wa s en t e r e d be t w e e n the St a t e
Go v e r n m e n t of Sa b a h an d WW F (Mal a y s i a)/MFT N (Mal a y s i a Fo r e s t r y an d
Tr a d e Ne t w o r k) on the 27 th Se p t e m b e r 2008 to kic k st a r t the ce r t i f i c a t i o n
pr o c e s s .
7.0 BUDGET
A pr o j e c t e d bu d g e t for op e r a t i o n a l pl a n n i n g in the fi rs t ten (10) ye a r s is es t i m a t e d at
ab o u t RM 99.47 mi l l i o n . As ind i c a t e d in Ta b l e 8, the ma i n co s t com p o n e n t s are on
for e s t reh a b i l i t a t i o n an d si l v i c u l t u r e . Th e ot h e r co s t com p o n e n t s ar e on inf r a s t r u c t u r e
de v e l o p m e n t , ad m i n i s t r a t i o n , wa g e s , veh i c l e s , ma c h i n e r i e s an d ot h e r s .
2 1
Th i s pr o j e c t is fun d e d by the St a t e Go v e r n m e n t of Sa b a h un d e r the 9 th Ma l a y s i a Pl a n
(2006 -20 1 0) an d the Sa b a h De v e l o p m e n t Co r r i d o r . Th e Fe d e r a l Go v e r n m e n t (Mini s t r y
of Na t u r a l Re s o u r c e s an d En v i r o n m e n t) has al s o con t r i b u t e d thr o u g h the He a r t h of
Bo r n e o Ini t i a t i v e . Ya y a s a n Sa b a h as the co n c e s s i o n a i r e , ha s al l o c a t e d a sig n i f i c a n t
am o u n t of fun d s to sup p o r t the pro j e c t im p l e m e n t a t i o n . Th e US M SFM P has al s o
rec e i v e d co n t r i b u t i o n s in ki n d fro m int e r n a t i o n a l NG O s , no n pro f i t or g a n i z a t i o n s an d
for e i g n go v e r n m e n t s . Mo s t rec e n t l y , Si m e Da r b y Pl a n t a t i o n Sd n . Bh d . , the big g e s t
pr i v a t e Ma l a y s i a n pl a n t a t i o n co n g l o m e r a t e , ha s ple d g e d a sub s t a n t i a l am o u n t of
mo n e y to sup p o r t a for e s t res t o r a t i o n pro j e c t in the no r t h e r n Ul u Se g a m a Fo r e s t
Re s e r v e foc u s i n g on en h a n c i n g de g r a d e d for e s t ha b i t a t s for ora n g ut a n s . In ad d i t i o n ,
the dev e l o p m e n t of the Ma l u a Wi l d l i f e Ha b i t a t Co n s e r v a t i o n Ba n k wi t h Ne w Fo r e s t Pt y.
Lt d. is see n as an o t h e r inn o v a t i v e ap p r o a c h of ga i n i n g fina n c i a l su p p o r t to re h a b i l i t a t e
the de g r a d e d for e s t for wi l d l i f e con s e r v a t i o n in the Ma l u a Fo r e s t Re s e r v e . Th e so u r c e s
of fun d i n g are lis t e d in Ta b l e 7.
Ta b l e 7: De t a i l br e a k d o w n so u r c e s of fun d s for US M SFM P
No Organization Fund (RM) Scope / Contribution
1 Sa b a h St a t e Go v e r n m e n t (9t h MP)
(i) 9 t h Ma l a y s i a Pl a n12,000,000. 00
Ad m i n i s t r a t i o n , m a n a g e m e n t an d de v e l o p m e n t for a 5 yea r s pe r i o d (2006-20 10)
(ii) Sa b a h De v e l o p m e n t Co r r i d o r 2,800,000.00 De v e l o p m e n t of inf r a s t r u c t u r e s2 Fe d e r a l Go v e n r m e n t
(i) M i n i s t r y Na t u r a l Re s o u r c e an d En v i r o n m e n t (Init i a t i v e He a r t of Bo r n e o)
160,000.00De v e l o p m e n t of inf r a s t r u c t u r e s
3 Ya y a s a n Sa b a h12,000,000. 00
Fo r e s t Re h a b i l i t a t i o n an d Si l v i c u l t u r e for a 5 yea r s per i o d (2006-20 1 0)
4 WW F (Mala y s i a)170,000.00
Re h a b i l i t a t i o n of cr i t i c a l or a n g ut a n ha b i t a t , no r t h Ul u Se g a m a F.R (55 ha)
5 AR C U S Fo u n d a t i o n 760,000.00 Fo r e s t re s t o r a t i o n at VJ R Me r i s u l i6 A l e x a n d e r Ab r a h a m Fo u n d a t i o n 380,000.00 Pl a n n i n g and m a n a g e m e n t7 Re g i o n a l Na t u r a l He r i t a g e
Pro g a m m e (Aus t r a l i a n Go v e r n m e n t)
66,400.00Wi l d l i f e as s e s s m e n t an d m o n i t o r i n g
8 Un i t e d St a t e s Em b a s s y 76,000.00
Re h a b i l i t a t i o n of cr i t i c a l or a n g ut a n ha b i t a t at Ul u Se g a m a F.R (37 ha)
9 Si m e Da r b y Pl a n t a t i o n Sd n Bh d25,000,000.00
Pr o t e c t i o n and reh a b i l i t a t i o n of cr i t i c a l or a n g ut a n hab i t a t at no r t h Ul u Se g a m a F.R (5,400 ha) for the pe r i o d 2009- 20 1 8
10 Ne w Fo r e s t Pt e Lt d34,000,000.00
De v e l o p m e n t of wi l d l i f e ha b i t a t ba n k an d po t e n t i a l of bi o d i v e r s i t y cr e d i t s at Ma l u a F.R for the per i o d 2008 - 201 3
TOTAL 87,412,400.00
22
Ta b l e 8: Pr o j e c t e d bu d g e t (2008 – 20 1 7) for US M SF M P imp l e m e n t a t i o n
Cost Center RM (‘000) %2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 TotalSa l a r y & all o w a n c e s 1,092 1,092 1,092 1,092 1,092 1,092 1,092 1,092 1,092 1,092 10,920 10.9Si l v i c u l t u r e 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 14,000 14.0Fo r e s t Re h a b i l i t a t i o n 5,750 5,750 5,750 5,750 5,750 5,750 5,750 5,750 5,750 5,750 57,500 57.7Po w e r su p p l y (gen e r a t o r) 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 300 0.2Fo r e s t Ma n a g e m e n t Ce r t i f i c a t i o n 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 450 0.3Ad m i n i s t r a t i o n 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 1,200 1.2Ro a d ma i n t e n a n c e 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 5,000 5.0Bo u n d a r y de m a r c a t i o n 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 600 0.6Pr o t e c t i o n 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 500 0.5Wi l d l i f e mo n i t o r i n g 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1,000 1.0Fu e l & lub r i c a n t 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1,000 1.0Ma c h i n e r i e s 1,300 1,300 1.3Ma i n t e n a n c e of ma c h i n e r i e s 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 4,000 4.0Bu i l d i n g co n s t r u c t i o n 600 200 200 200 1,200 1.2Bu i l d i n g ma i n t e n a n c e 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 500 0.5Ot h e r ex p e n s e s 600 0.6TOTAL 11,552 9,902 9,902 9,902 9,702 9,702 9,702 9,702 9,702 9,702 99,470 100
23
8.0 CONCLUSIONS
Lo v e alo n e wi l l no t gu a r a n t e e the sur v i v a l of the en d a n g e r e d wi l d l i f e sp e c i e s wi t h i n the
US M- SFM P ar e a . Th i s for e s t ec o s y s t e m is in jeo p a r d y an d hum a n int e r v e n t i o n is
ne e d e d to en h a n c e its cap a c i t y an d qu a l i t y . Ou r co n s e r v a t i o n ef f o r t s wi l l be fut i l e if
the r e is no fina n c i a l su p p o r t . Be i n g pi o n e e r s in re h a b i l i t a t i n g su c h a de g r a d e d for e s t
eco s y s t e m , the bi g g e s t ch a l l e n g e wo u l d be to ap p l y the mo s t su i t a b l e ma n a g e m e n t
ap p r o a c h tow a r d s ach i e v i n g ou r go a l s . Fo r e s t re h a b i l i t a t i o n is se e n as a ver y co s t l y
exe r c i s e wh e r e the ret u r n is no t for e s e e a b l e in the ne a r fut u r e or “a lon g tim e com i n g”.
Ho w e v e r , wi t h st r o n g po l i t i c a l com m i t m e n t an d sup p o r t fro m the St a t e Go v e r n m e n t of
Sa b a h , pa r t i c i p a t i o n an d su p p o r t fro m bo t h loc a l an d int e r n a t i o n a l NG O s an d ot h e r
int e r e s t e d pr i v a t e ag e n c i e s , an d the ava i l a b i l i t y of loc a l ex p e r t s an d the i r cap a c i t y , we
ar e co n f i d e n t of ma n a g i n g an d nu r s i n g the US M SF M P are a bac k to he a l t h .
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Pu b l i c a t i o n .
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Tu u g a , A. an d Al f r e d , R. 2007. Ma n a g i n g the lar g e ma m m a l s ha b i t a t in Sa b a h . Sa b a h
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Recommended
