Time Resolved FT-IR Analysis of Combustion of Ethanol, E85, and Gasoline in an Internal Combustion Engine
Allen R. White, Stephen SakaiDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringRose-Hulman Institute of Technology
Dr. Rebecca B. DeVasherDepartment of ChemistryRose-Hulman Institute of Technology
Advanced Combustion Laboratory
Why Look at Combustion with an FT-IR?• Combustion process is still largely unknown
• Examine progression of chemical species during combustion
• Possibility of increasing combustion efficiency and reducing harmful emissions
• Show engineering students the utility of spectroscopy and physical chemistry
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Why Look at Combustion with an FT-IR?
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Megatech Mk III Visible IC Engine
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Visible Spark Ignition Four-Cycle Internal Combustion Engine
Fitted with Sapphire Combustion Chamber
Ethanol/E85/Gasoline Fueled
Experimental Setup
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Bruker Vertex 70
Acoustic barrier
Combustionchamber
Initial Infrared Step-Scan Data
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15 sample average16 cm-1 Resolution
Time Wavenumber
Amplitude
t=0 at ignition
Infrared Spectroscopy Interest for Automotive Purposes
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1942 Packard
Ganske, Jane A. The Chemical Educator , Vol. 8 No.6 (2003)
Second Iteration of Sapphire Chamber
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Comparison of Old and New Data
Combustion PathOptical Path
Top
Side
Top
Side
Old Chamber
New Chamber
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Initial Data with New Engine Configuration
15 sample average16 cm-1 Resolution
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Comparison of Old and New Data
15 sample average
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Sample Data with New Engine Configuration
15 sample average16 cm-1 Resolution
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Sample Data with New Engine Configuration
15 sample average16 cm-1 Resolution
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New Engine Data with significant averaging (390 samples)
16 cm-1 Resolution
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E85 New Engine Data with Averaging (30 samples)
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Gasoline New Engine Data with Averaging (15 samples)
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Gasoline: Cylinder Deposits! (E85 similar)
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Comparison of CO2 peaks:
Time
Ampl
itude
2242 cm-1
Conclusions
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Low signal to noise ratio due to:• Combustion variability
• Combustion mixture variation
• Step-scan mirror location error due to vibrations from combustion
• Line-of-sight averaging
Future Work
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SPIE Fall 2010:
Future Work
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Acknowledgements
Stephen Sakai
Rose-Hulman Institute of TechnologyLilly Foundation Faculty Success Grant
Rose-Hulman Institute of TechnologyDean’s Equipment Investment Fund
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Areas of Interest
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Gasoline Combustion Spectra from 1942 Packard
Areas of Interest
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High Resolution Scan of Ethanol – 200 Scans @ 1 cm-1 Resolution
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t = 0
t = 5ms
Progression of Chemical Species
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t = 10ms
t = 15ms
Progression of Chemical Species
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t = 20ms
t = 25ms
Progression of Chemical Species