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,
na
an
e
South China Sea
Professor Carl Thayer
Geor e Mason Universit
March 22, 2011
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Background:
e
ou
China Sea
•Semi‐
•9 littoral
states
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‐
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•
archipelagoes
• Paracel Islands
•
• Islands in
international law
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•
China make
•China’s
based on a
produced by
Government
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Overla in
Territorial
Claims
Brunei
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The Philippines Claim
Kalayaan or Freedom Land
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Extended Continental Shelf May 2009
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China’s
Claims for
Extended
Continental
Shelf
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Spratly
s an s
•175 ‐ 200
insular
features:
islets, rocks,
shoals,
, banks, sea
mounts
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•
• 1974 China seizes southern Paracels
• No C inese presence prior to 1988
– Chinese‐Vietnamese clash, China lodges forces on
Jo nson Sout Ree
• 1992 China adopts Law on Territorial Waters
• Oil exploration and “scramble for the Spratlys”
•
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Taiwan
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‐
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Paracel
•Amphitrite
roup
•
1974
China
se zes
Crescent
roup
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Chinese Airstrip Woody Island, Paracel Isands
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China-Vietnam Naval Clash March 1988
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• ,
another Declaration
•
2005‐
08
Chinese
Naval
base
on
Hainan
Island• 2007 China declares new Administrative
Region over South China Sea
• 2008‐present increased tensions draws US
di lomatic intervention
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China’s
Law
on
Territorial
Sea
and
the Contiguous Zone, Feb 2, 1992
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Claimants Features occupied Estimated troops
Vietnam 21‐22 900‐1,000
The Philippines 8‐9 600‐700
China 7‐10 900‐1 000
Malaysia 4‐5 230‐330
Taiwan 1 500‐600
Brunei 0 0
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• 1. EMPHASIZE the necessity to resolve all
pertaining to the South China Sea by peaceful
means, without resort to force;• 2. URGE all parties concerned to exercise
restraint with the view to creating a positive
climate for the eventual resolution of all disputes
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Mala sia
occupied
Reef
TerumbuLayang
Layang) in
June 1983
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Truon
Sa
Vietnam
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China’s Occupation of Mischief Reef 1995
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Chinese Construction on Mischief Reef
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We call u on all arties to refrain from takin actions that
destabilize the region and further threaten the peace and
security of the South China Sea. We specifically call for the
developments in Mischief Reef.
We urge countries in the region to undertake cooperative
activities which increase trust and confidence and promote
stability in the area.
Asia to address the issue in various fora, including the
Indonesia‐sponsored Workshop Series on Managing Potential
Conflicts in the South China Sea.
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ASEAN Declaration on
Conduct of Parties
• Declaration on Conduct of Parties in the South
China Sea November 2002
• Non‐binding
• Geo ra hic area not defined
• Confidence building measure proposed
• Joint Working Group to Implement DOC
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Tensions in US‐China Relations
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•March‐April 2010
as ea an or
Sea Fleets conduct
beyond First Island
Chain
•Vietnamese
fishing
craft
‘swarm’ around a
Chinese fishery
•PLAN warships
intervene
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• ’
• China’s rise will challenge U.S. primacy– n access area en a n es ern ac c
•
South
China
Sea
focal
point– ASEAN‐China, role for US?
• Will U.S. remain engaged or retreat?
• New security architecture – East Asia
Summit