Thayer The ASEAN Regional Forum and Other ASEAN-Centric Regional Institutions and the Asia-Pacific

8/13/2019 Thayer The ASEAN Regional Forum and Other ASEAN-Centric Regional Institutions and the Asia-Pacific

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The ASEAN Regional Forum and

Other ASEAN-Centric Regional

Institutions and the Asia-Pacific

Emeritus Professor Carlyle A. Thayer

CPG Asia Pacific Security Conference

Sukosol Hotel, BangkokDecember 3-4, 2013


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Association of South East Asian

Nations (ASEAN)Treaty of Amity and Cooperation 1976

Chapter IV Pacific Settlement of Disputes

ASEAN High Council

good offices, mediation, inquiry or conciliation

High Council may constitute itself as a committee

of mediation, inquiry or conciliation

ASEAN Draft Code of Conduct South China Sea


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ASEAN Charter

Settlement of Disputes

Resolve peacefully all disputes in a timely

manner through dialogue, consultation and

negotiation.ASEAN shall maintain and establish dispute

settlement mechanisms in all fields of ASEAN

CooperationGood Offices, Conciliation and Mediation

Chairman of ASEAN or Secretary-General


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ASEAN

Summit

ConsultativeCouncil

PoliticalSecurityCouncil

EconomicCouncil

Socio-CulturalCouncil


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ASEAN Community 2015

Three Pillars

Political-Security

EconomicSocio-

Cultural


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ASEAN Political Security Cooperation

ASEAN PoliticalSecurityCouncil

ASEAN DefenceMinisters

Meeting

Other SecurityMinistries

ASEANMaritime

Forum


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ADMM

ADSOM

Army Navy

ASEAN Chiefsof Navy

Air Intelligence

ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting


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ASEAN Security Community

Plan of ActionI. Political Development

II. Shaping and Sharing NormsIII. Conflict Prevention

IV. Conflict Resolution

V. Post-Conflict Peace-BuildingVI. Implementing Mechanisms


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Shaping and Sharing Norms

Strengthening Treaty of Amity andCooperatin (TAC) regime

Development of the ASEAN Charter

Declaration on Conduct of Parties in

the South China Sea (DOC)


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Conflict Prevention

Confidence Building Measures (CBMs)

Preventive Measures (PD)

ARF processCooperation on non-traditional security

Respect for territorial integrity, sovereignty

and unity of members countries

Cooperation on separatist threats


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Strengthening ARF Process

ASEAN early warning systemto prevent

occurrence and escalation of conflicts

ARF Unit within the ASEAN Secretariat

Enhanced role of the ARF Chair

Moving the ARF into Stage 2 (PD) and beyond

implementation of the Concept Paper on

Preventive Diplomacy

establishment of an Intersessional Support Group

on Preventive Diplomacy


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Conflict Resolution

Strengthening Dispute SettlementMechanism

Developing regional cooperation formaintenance of peace and security

Developing supporting initiatives

Thai-Cambodia Border Conflict 2010?


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Post-Conflict Peace-Building

Strengthening ASEAN humanitarian assistance

Developing cooperation in post-conflict

reconstruction and rehabilitation in affectedareas

Establishing a mechanism to mobilise

necessary resources for post-conflict peacebuilding


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ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)


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ARF Membership N = 27

Brunei China Myanmar

Indonesia European Union Cambodia

Malaysia Japan Mongolia

Philippines South Korea North Korea

Singapore New Zealand India

Thailand PNG Pakistan

Vietnam Russia East Timor

Australia United States Bangladesh

Canada Laos Sri Lanka


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1stARF Chairman's Statement

to foster constructive dialogue andconsultationon political and security

issues of common interest andconcern; and

to make significant contributions toefforts towards confidence-buildingand preventive diplomacyin the Asia-Pacific region.


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Decision-Making

Decisions of the ARF shall be made throughconsensus after careful and extensiveconsultations among all participants.

no voting

Move at a pace comfortable to all ARFmembers

Chairman of ARF is Chairman of the ASEAN

Standing Committee Chairmans Statement after annual meeting

Non-binding


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2ndARF Chairmans Statement

The approach shall be evolutionary, takingplace in three broad stages, namely

the promotion of confidence building,

development of preventive diplomacy and elaboration of approaches to conflicts.

The ARF process is now at Stage I, and shallcontinue to discuss means of implementing

confidence building. Stage II, particularly where the subject matter

overlap, can proceed in tandemwith Stage I.


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ARF Security Dialogue Forum


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ARF Definition of Preventive Diplomacy

To help prevent disputes and conflicts from

arising between States that could potentially

pose a threat to regional peace and stability; To help prevent such disputes and conflicts from

escalating into armed confrontation; and

To help minimize the impact of such disputesand conflicts on the region.


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Overlap between CBMs and PD


ARF Registers of Experts/Eminent

Persons,Annual Security Outlookand

Voluntary background briefing on

regional security issues


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Principles of Preventive Diplomacy

1. Requires diplomacy

2. Non-coercive

3. Timely4. Requires trust and

confidence

5. Consultation andconsensus

6. Voluntary

7. Conflicts between andamong states

8. International law, UNCharter, FivePrinciples of PeacefulCoexistence and

ASEAN Treaty ofAmity andCooperation


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ARF Work Program

Inter-Sessional Support Group (ISG)/Inter-Sessional Meeting (ISM)

Mandates renewed annually

Co-chaired by ASEAN & Non-ASEAN

1995-97 ISM on Search and Rescue

1995-97 ISM on Peacekeeping

1995-99 ISM on Disaster Relief

resumed 2004continuing


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Phase 2 Preventive Diplomacy

15thARF (2008) endorsesARF Review Paper

Senior Officials directed to draw upPreventative Diplomacy Work Plan

priority to non-traditional security challenges Explicit PD measures to promote peaceful

cooperation and prevent disputes and tensionsfrom escalating into armed conflict

Phase 2 is to accompany the developmentof the ASEAN Political-Security Community


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Preventive Diplomacy Tool Kit

Good offices, fact finding, mediation


Troikapast, present and future ARF Chairs Friends of the Chair

ARF Experts and Eminent Persons

ASEAN Secretariat to assist - ARF Unit


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ARF Achievements

Venue for multilateral dialogue and

consultations

Habits of dialogue and consultations onpolitical and security issues

Willingness of ARF participants to discuss a

wide range of security issues multilaterally


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ARF Achievements

Agreed principles for dialogue and

cooperation

consensus, non-interference, pace comfortable to

all

peaceful settlement of differences

Continuing CBMs as foundation

Enhancing linkages between Track 1 and Track

2 in the ARF processes


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ARF Achievements

Greater participation by defense and militaryofficials

ARF ISMs and ISGs

Networking developed among national-security, defense and military officials

Transparency through exchange of

information on defense policy andpublication of white papers


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ARF Achievements

Priority cooperation in fight againstinternational terrorism and transnational

crime

Support for non-proliferation, arms control,disarmament efforts

tentative steps preventive diplomacy

But role in conflict resolution undeveloped North Korea nuclear issues


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ASEAN Defence Ministers Plus

China

USA

New

Zealand

Japan

India

SouthKorea

Australia

Russia


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Six Expert Working Groups

MaritimeSecurity

HA/DR

PeaceKeeping

CounterTerrorism

MilitaryMedicine

MineClearance


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ASEAN-Centric Security Cooperation

ARF

Inter-SessionalMeetings (ISM)

Inter-SessionalSupport Group

(ISG)

ASEAN +

ADMM Plus

Enlarged AMF


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l f


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ARF

ADMM-Plus

Enlarged AMF

EAS

ASEAN Plus Three(China, Japan,South Korea)

US PACOMTheatre

Engagement Pivot/rebalancing

Sub-regionalmiddle power

multilateralism FPDA

Middlepowers

operatingas equals

Hierarchicalunder U.S.

Leadership

ASEAN-centric

multi-lateralism

Exclusive EastAsian

Regionalism

Overlapping Patterns of Security Cooperation


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Conclusion

No single regional security institution

effectively covers the Asia-Pacific Region

Multiple overlapping architectures deal with

hard and soft security challenges

The ASEAN Wayembedded in ARF,

ADMM+, Enlarged AMF, and EAS

Preventive diplomacy at nascent stage

No enforcement structures


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The ASEAN Regional Forum and

Other ASEAN-Centric Regional

Institutions and the Asia-Pacific

Emeritus Professor Carlyle A. Thayer

CPG Asia Pacific Security Conference

Sukosol Hotel, BangkokDecember 3-4, 2013

Documents

Thayer The ASEAN Regional Forum and Other ASEAN-Centric Regional Institutions and the Asia-Pacific