Research and Development on Bio-methanol
Dr. Rujira Jitrwung (Senior Research Officer) Expert Centre of Innovative Clean Energy and Environment
Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR)
29 May 2019
1 ASEAN Network of Excellence Centre of Biomass Conversion Technology
2
Biomass Conversion to Bio-methanol
Agro Waste
Biogas CH4/CO2
Electricity
CO2 Utilization
Ethanol Fermentation
Rice Palm Cassava Corn
CBG
LPG
Biogasoline
Biodiesel
(CH3OH)
3
Biomass - Biogas - Bio-methanol
4
Methanol Demand
• 100% methanol imported to Thailand
• Asia is the largest methanol consumption.
Methanol Demand in Thailand
Source : MMSA, 2018 Source: Department of Industrial Works
Global Methanol Demand
92.4 Million Metric Ton/Year (2018) 0.78 Million Metric Ton/Year (2018)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2036
0.48 0.57 0.63 0.57 0.74 0.66 0.69 0.78 0.88 0.78
1.7
Mill
ion
Met
ric T
on
Year
0.87 MT/Year for BD
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mil
lio
n
Me
tric
To
n
YEAR
CAGR : Compound Annual Growth Rate
5
Methanol Relating to AEDP Plan : Biogas & Biodiesel
ASEAN Bioenergy Hub
*(10% residue) *(10% residue)
7
Methanol Synthesis Reactions
CO + 2H2↔ CH3OH H = -90.55 kJ/mol (3)
CO2 + 3H2↔ CH3OH + H2O H = -49.43 kJ/mol (4)
CO2 + H2↔ CO + H2O H = +41.12 kJ/mol (5)
Methanol from syngas synthesis involved hydrogenation of CO (3) and CO2 (4) and reversed water–gas shift reactions (5):
Ref.: Maria, R. D. et al. 2013. Industrial Methanol from Syngas: Kinetic Study and Process Simulation. Chemical
Reactor Engineering 11(1): 469–477.
CH4 + CO2 ↔ 2CO + 2H2 H = +274.7 kJ/mol DR (1)
CH4 + H2O ↔ CO + 3H2 H = +206.0 kJ/mol STM (2)
Biogas Reforming reaction
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Bio-methanol Technology
9
Bio-methanol and Process Equipment
Lab scale 0.03 L/Day Semi Pilot scale 1 L/Day
Bio-methanol Production from Biogas
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Process Flow Diagram : Methanol Production from Biogas
CO2 Sources
Biogas
Water
Methanol
Off-gas
Syngas
Water
Reforming Reactor
MeOH SynthesisReactor
Water Recycle
Purge
H2STreatment
CBGProcess
CO2CASE 2
CBGCBG
CO2 CASE 1
Biogas free H2S
CO2 Form CBG
Recycle
Feasibility Assumption
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ASSUMPTION AMOUNT UNIT
Simulation Results Production day/year 300 days
Sale day/ year 330 days
Methanol 15,000 kg/day
Methanol Price 14 THB/kg
CBG 11,792 kg/day
CBG Price 12 THB/kg
Biogas Price 3 THB/m3
CO2 Price 1 THB/m3
H2O Price 30 THB/m3
Electricity Cost 3.5 THB/kwh
CAPEX (assumption) 142.9 M THB
Cost Index 0.39
ASSUMPTION AMOUNT UNIT
Economic Assumption
Depreciation 10 Year
Demand growth rate 0.0% %
Methanol Price growth rate 2.0% %
CBG/LBM Price growth rate 2.0% %
Incremental fixed costs 1.0 M THB
SG&A growth rate 1.0% %
WACC (or interest rate) 7.0% %
Tax Rate 20% %
Cash conversion cycle (CCC) 50 Day
Employees cost growth rate 5.3% %
Annual maintenance cost 2.0% %
Feasibility Assumption
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Calculation Unit CASE I CASE II Biogas m3/day 14,379 42,871
CO2 m3/day 11,982 0
CBG m3/day 0 11,792
CAPEX MTHB 105.3 142.9
Variable Cost THB/kg 9.72 16.08
Feasibility CASE I,II
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Feasibility Case Study NPV IRR ROI PB
1. Biogas CO2 to Methanol 1.1 M 7.2% 0.2% 7.34 y 2. Biogas with CBG/LBM to Methanol 57.0 M 14.1% 5.6% 5.63 y
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CO2 Consumption
% Recycle MeOH Process
MeOH & CBG Process
No Recycle 35% 35%
25% Recycle 46% 46%
50% Recycle 59% 59%
75% Recycle 76% 76%
100% Recycle 100% 100%
Biomass Conversion to Bio-methanol
Waste
Materials
Agricultural
Sector
Biogas Maker MeOH
Producer
Electricity
Producer
Million
THB/year
Million
THB/Year
Million
THB/Year
Million
THB/Year
Prices
500 Baht/Ton
3.0 Baht/M3
12,000
Baht/Ton
3.50
Baht/KW
Corn
(10.15%)
0.50 MMT/yr*
251 MB/yr
503 MM3/yr
1,511 MB/yr
0.26 MT/yr
3,192 MB/yr
521 MB/yr
Cassava
(61.42%)
3.04 MMT/yr*
1,522 MB/yr
3195 MM3/yr
9,586 MB 1.68 MT/yr
20,246 MB/yr
3,306 MB/yr
Palm
(28.43%)
1.41 MMT/yr*
705 MB/yr
1,512 MM3/yr
4,536 MB/yr 0.80 MT/yr
9,640 MB/yr
1,574 MB/yr
*(10% residue)
Total
4.95 MMT/yr
2,478 MB/yr
5,210 MM3
15,662 MB/yr
2.74 MT/yr
33,078 MB/yr
5,401
MB/yr
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Activities
The 8th Annual Low Carbon Earth Summit (LCES-2018) Quintao, china
2017 CAS-TWAS Symposium on Green Chemistry and Technology for Sustainable Development (GCT2017), beijing , china
(2019) CO2 Utilization for Renewable Energy : Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) , Malaysia
Contract Research with Private sectors TISTR AWARD and Advertise International Conference
RE Power Service Co., Ltd. and Cyotech development co. ltd
BLCP power co., Ltd
KSL Green Innovation Public Company Limited,
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Summary : Low carbon society
Achieve to SDGs 7, 13
CO2 apply with biogas for producing Biomethanol and Value products.
Biomethanol process is a tool to achieve Paris Agreement and Nationally determined contributions (NDCs).
Source : https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg13
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Summary : Bioeconomy
Agro-waste
The abundance of Agricultural material is source of bio-based energy and supporting the foundation for the development of the bio-base product.
In Thailand, this direction of using bio-based energy and products is environmental friendly to link policy of SDGs and Paris Agreement.
Thailand is expected to play a leading role in the global bioeconomy for the future.