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3M™ Dyneon™ Fluoroelastomers
Resistance toaggressive fuels.
Improving car performance, protecting the planet.
People love cars. There are 250 million of them on European roads today and there is no sign that travelling by car is going to become any less popular in the future – indeed, the automotive industry is expected to continue to grow globally to meet the demands of a rising population.
But this trend needs to be balanced against car manufacturers’ critical objective of improving air quality in a world where climate conditions are becoming more important. The latest Euro 6 and CO2 emission legislation sets high standards for the automotive industry and it has never been more crucial to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions.
Alternative engine concepts, such as hybrid solutions, electrical and fuel cell systems, are being more widely developed to provide an intelligent mix of performance and sustainability, but the fact is that conventional combustion engines will remain dominant for the next decade. So the way to achieve tough emission targets right now lies with innovative ideas that make the combustion engine cleaner and more efficient.
Introduction02
Sealing solutions for aggressive fuels.
Nearly all combustion engines run on fossil fuels manufactured from crude oil, contributing to CO2 emissions which cause the greenhouse effect. Global oil reserves are finite and it is predicted that demand for fuel in the transportation sector will increase by almost 50% before 2050. The challenge for the automotive industry to find alternatives is obvious.
Bio ethanol and bio diesel fuels are becoming more commonly used alternatives to standard fuels, helping to meet legal requirements and reducing CO2 emissions as well as our dependency on fossil energy resources. However, these fuels pose new challenges when it comes to the engine performance. Traditional elastomeric solutions, used to seal parts in the vehicle’s fuel system or air management system, can fail as a result of more aggressive fuel residuals and acid degradation. Anticipating this need for innovation, Dyneon has developed a range of sealing solutions that are robust enough for this harsher environment.
3M™ Dyneon™ Fluoroelastomers: the right choice.
Long term tests show that 3M™ Dyneon™ Fluoroelastomers are the material of choice for fuel system sealing solutions.
Wherever seals are in contact with fuels, 3M™ Dyneon™ Fluoroelastomers provide the highest performance and most reliable sealing solutions under elevated temperatures and in aggressive environments.
The challenge04
Innovation and experience.
Expertise
3M has been developing better performing and more reliable fluoroelastomers to meet the automotive industry’s evolving needs for over 60 years – from the familiar ORing to the most specialized components.
As a pioneer in the fluoroelastomer business, 3M launched the Fluorel brand in 1953. By the 1980s, the predicted changeover to smaller cars was becoming reality and hotter running engines were posing serious thermal resistance concerns – but 3M had the answer.
In this millennium, innovations include the first low temperature fluoroelastomer, with a TR10 of 40 °C, the introduction of the MIP series with improved process capabilities, and high performance perfluoroelastomers.
So you can be sure that, whatever challenges the automotive industry faces next, 3M will be ready.
07
The sealing material
The chemical structure of fluoroelastomers makes them resistant to most aggressive fuels.
When selecting the right sealing material, attention should be paid to the following aspects:
Seals that are swollen at engine operating temperatures can shrink back after the engine cools down to room temperature levels.
The ultimate volume swell of a seal is achieved at room temperature (23 °C) after more than 1.000 hours whereas at 60 °C it is reached just after 168 hours.
Seals in contact with fuel on one side and air on the other swell less than a fully immersed test specimen.
Volume swell in regular gasoline and diesel is low for all fluoroelastomers.
Volume swell and permeation rise as with increasing temperatures.
Volume swell and permeation go down as the percentage of fluorine content increases.
Innovations of engines and new fuel systems are truly connected. Alternative fuels are considered as an option for reducing emissions. However, you need to be aware of the following:
Alternative fuels like ethanol and butanol do not weaken the sealing performance of fluoroelastomer seals. They are the ideal choice for sealing applications because the volume swell is lower than for any other elastomeric sealing materials.
Fluoroelastomers containing high levels of fluorine are the best sealing solutions for resisting fuels containing methanol.
Be aware that in general the swell of elastomers in fuels containing methanol is stronger at lower temperatures.
Traditional sealing materials like nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) do not provide the necessary safety margins in the higher temperature ranges and due to the permeation rates of fuels containing ethanol, new challenges are coming up.
Fluoroelastomers are specially designed …
08
Chemical resistance
Fluoroelastomers with a high fluorine content withstand most aggressive fuels under harsh conditions. This offers a safe sealing solution.
Resistance to most aggressive gasolines.
Volume swell of selected FKM in CE22 after 168 hrs at 60 °C
Volume swell of selected FKM in FAM B after 168 hrs at 60 °C
FPO 3731 Peroxide curable FKM – High Fluorine Content
MIP 8740 Bisphenolic curable FKM – Medium Fluorine Content/improved processing
FE 5530 Bisphenolic curable FKM – Low Fluorine Content, for low temperature applications, TR10 = 19 °C
FE 5830Z Bisphenolic curable FKM – High Fluorine Content
%
25
30
35
40
20
15
10
5
0FPO 3731 MIP 8740 FE 5530 FE 5830Z
FAM B CE 10 CE 85
CE 22 CM 30
FAM B 84,5% FAM A + 15% Methanol + 0,5% Water
FAM A 50% Toluene + 30% Iso Octane + 15% DiIsobutylene + 5% Ethanol
FUEL C 50% Iso Octane + 50% Toluene
CE x Fuel C + x % Ethanol
CM x Fuel C + x % MethanolFPO 3731 MIP 8740 FE 5530 FE 5830Z
%
50
40
30
20
10
0
60
Volume swell of selected FKM in % after 168 hrs at 60 °C
09
Chemical resistance
Bio diesel is a new class of fuel produced from biomass.
It has been proven that the addition of bio diesel to fossil diesel has a significant positive impact on the reduction of CO2 emissions.
Today´s main grades of bio diesel are produced from vegetable oils. Due to their ability to meet fastgrowing demand, most common crops are rapeseed to produce RME (rapeseed oil methyl ester) and soybean oils for the manufacture of SME (soybean oil methyl ester).
Bio diesel starts to degrade under the influence of temperatures, air exposure and the presence of water.
Standard elastomers like NBR as well as generic fluoroelastomers show negative reactions, such as substantial volume swell, when they get in contact with degraded bio diesel or fuel residuals. This has a major impact on their sealing performance.
Without acid acceptors in the formulation, seals can swell when they get in contact with other aggressive compounds such as ammonia or urea solution (ad blue).
Even at elevated temperatures, 3M™ Dyneon™ Peroxide Curable Fluoroelastomers do not compromise on sealing performance and provide a safe and reliable solution, regardless of whether the fuels contain ethanol, methanol or degraded bio diesel (RME and SME).
Resistance to bio diesel.
FPO 3731
FE 5830Z
Volu
me
Swel
l (%
)Sh
ore
A H
ardn
ess
Poin
ts
15
20
25
30
10
5
0
5
10
15Volume swell
1008 hrs @ 125 °C
RME SME
Hardness Change
Volume swell1008 hrs @ 125 °C
Hardness Change
Fuel Resistance of selected FKM in different bio diesel types
10
Technical Data
FPO 3731 MIP 8740 FE 5530 FE 5830Z
Aged 72 hrs at 23 °C in FAM BHardness shore A(3’’) 67 69 59 65Modulus 100% (MPa) 6 4.5 4 3.6Tensile (MPa) 15 10.7 10 10.4Elongation (%) 166 212 196 222ChangeHardness (Points) 6 9 13 9Modulus 100% (%) 17 17 17 8Tensile (%) 25 28 35 9Elongation (%) 8 0 12 0Volume Swell (%) 4 8 18 4Aged 168 hrs at 23 °C in FAM BHardness shore A(3’’) 68 69 58 65Modulus 100% (MPa) 5.6 4.2 3.7 3.2Tensile (MPa) 14.3 10.6 8.4 10.4Elongation (%) 167 219 182 241ChangeHardness (Points) 5 9 15 8Modulus 100% (%) 22 22 23 18Tensile (%) 29 28 46 9Elongation (%) 8 3 18 9Volume Swell (%) 5 11 23 6Aged 1008 hrs at 23 °C in FAM BHardness shore A(3’’) 63 66 58 58Modulus 100% (MPa) 5.1 3.6 3.4 2.6Tensile (MPa) 12.9 9.6 9.2 9.0Elongation (%) 160 225 209 239ChangeHardness (Points) 10 13 14 16Modulus 100% (%) 29 33 29 33Tensile (%) 36 35 41 21Elongation (%) 12 6 6 8Volume Swell (%) 11 15 25 10Aged 72 hrs at 60 °C in FAM BHardness shore A(3’’) 58 59 52 53Modulus 100% (MPa) 5.4 3.6 3.7 2.9Tensile (MPa) 11.8 8.4 7.1 7.8Elongation (%) 149 211 167 208ChangeHardness (Points) 15 19 20 20Modulus 100% (%) 25 33 23 26Tensile (%) 41 43 54 32Elongation (%) 18 0 24 6Volume Swell (%) 18 24 37 15
Fuel Resistance Table/Details.
12
Technical Data
FPO 3731 MIP 8740 FE 5530 FE 5830Z
Aged 168 hrs at 60 °C in FAM BHardness shore A(3’’) 59 61 53 55Modulus 100% (MPa) 5.2 3.4 3.4 2.6Tensile (MPa) 11.9 8.0 6.8 8.0Elongation (%) 152 220 170 226ChangeHardness (Points) 14 18 19 19Modulus 100% (%) 28 37 29 33Tensile (%) 41 46 56 30Elongation (%) 16 4 23 2Volume Swell (%) 18 24 37 14Aged 1008 hrs at 60 °C in FAM BHardness shore A(3’’) 60 61 52 55Modulus 100% (MPa) 5.0 3.0 2.7 2.3Tensile (MPa) 11.8 7.6 7.1 8.1Elongation (%) 155 226 209 252ChangeHardness (Points) 13 18 21 18Modulus 100% (%) 31 44 44 41Tensile (%) 41 49 54 29Elongation (%) 15 7 6 14Volume Swell (%) 17 23 35 11Aged 168 hrs at 60 °C in CE10Hardness shore A(3’’) 60 64 58 56Modulus 100% (MPa) 5.5 3.7 3.7 2.9Tensile (MPa) 12.3 9.7 9.4 8.5Elongation (%) 150 220 198 206ChangeHardness (Points) 12 15 14 17Modulus 100% (%) 24 31 23 26Tensile (%) 39 34 39 25Elongation (%) 18 4 11 7Volume Swell (%) 15 19 25 13Aged 168 hrs at 60 °C in CE50Hardness shore A(3’’) 62 63 56 57Modulus 100% (MPa) 6.0 4.1 3.9 2.9Tensile (MPa) 12.4 10.5 9.7 8.4Elongation (%) 145 224 187 201ChangeHardness (Points) 11 16 16 16Modulus 100% (%) 17 24 19 26Tensile (%) 38 29 37 26Elongation (%) 20 6 15 9Volume Swell (%) 14 19 28 12
13
Technical Data
FPO 3731 MIP 8740 FE 5530 FE 5830Z
Aged 168 hrs at 60 °C in CE85Hardness shore A(3’’) 64 67 59 62Modulus 100% (MPa) 5.7 4.2 3.9 3.3Tensile (MPa) 15.0 10.4 11.1 9.6Elongation (%) 169 203 210 216ChangeHardness (Points) 8 12 13 12Modulus 100% (%) 21 22 19 15Tensile (%) 25 30 28 16Elongation (%) 7 4 5 2Volume Swell (%) 9 12 18 7Aged 72 hrs at 60 °C in CE22Hardness shore A(3’’) 61 64 58 57Modulus 100% (MPa) 5.3 3.9 3.9 3.0Tensile (MPa) 12.4 8.6 8.5 8.4Elongation (%) 153 195 179 206ChangeHardness (Points) 12 14 14 17Modulus 100% (%) 26 28 19 23Tensile (%) 38 42 45 26Elongation (%) 16 8 19 7Volume Swell (%) 15 20 27 14Aged 168 hrs at 60 °C in CE22Hardness shore A(3’’) 61 64 56 57Modulus 100% (MPa) 6.1 4.1 3.8 2.7Tensile (MPa) 11.9 9.7 9.0 8.4Elongation (%) 142 213 185 210ChangeHardness (Points) 12 15 16 16Modulus 100% (%) 15 24 21 31Tensile (%) 41 34 42 26Elongation (%) 22 1 17 5Volume Swell (%) 16 20 28 13Aged 1008 hrs at 60 °C in CE22Hardness shore A(3’’) 61 63 57 58Modulus 100% (MPa) 5.3 3.6 3.7 2.8Tensile (MPa) 10.9 9.1 8.5 8.4Elongation (%) 143 221 191 226ChangeHardness (Points) 12 15 16 16Modulus 100% (%) 26 33 23 2Tensile (%) 46 39 45 26Elongation (%) 21 5 14 2Volume Swell (%) 16 21 28 11Aged 168 hrs at 60 °C in CM30Hardness shore A(3’’) 59 59 51 54Modulus 100% (MPa) 5.3 3.6 3.7 2.8Tensile (MPa) 11.2 7.6 6.6 8.1Elongation (%) 144 187 154 207ChangeHardness (Points) 14 19 21 19Modulus 100% (%) 26 33 23 28Tensile (%) 44 49 57 29Elongation (%) 20 11 30 6Volume Swell (%) 19 28 49 14
14
Technical Data
FPO 3731 MIP 8740 FE 5530 FE 5830Z
Aged 168 hrs at 60 °C in ButanolHardness shore A(3’’) 69 74 66 68Modulus 100% (MPa) 6.1 4.5 4.0 3.7Tensile (MPa) 17.1 12.0 14.0 11.4Elongation (%) 188 237 233 233ChangeHardness (Points) 4 4 6 6Modulus 100% (%) 15 17 17 5Tensile (%) 15 19 10 0Elongation (%) 3 12 5 6Volume Swell (%) 3 4 5 3Aged 1008 hrs at 60 °C in SMEHardness shore A(3’’) 70 76 68 70Modulus 100% (MPa) 7.0 5.4 4.7 3.8Tensile (MPa) 18.9 12.3 14.3 11.2Elongation (%) 189 243 233 225ChangeHardness (Points) 2 3 4 3Modulus 100% (%) 3 0 2 3Tensile (%) 6 17 8 2Elongation (%) 4 15 5 2Volume Swell (%) 2 2 3 1Aged 168 hrs at 125 °C in SMEHardness shore A(3’’) 70 74 67 71Modulus 100% (MPa) 6.9 5.2 4.2 3.9Tensile (MPa) 17.8 12.2 14.1 11.4Elongation (%) 182 224 227 227ChangeHardness (Points) 3 4 5 3Modulus 100% (%) 4 4 13 0Tensile (%) 11 18 9 0Elongation (%) 0 6 3 3Volume Swell (%) 3 4 5 2Aged 1008 hrs at 125 °C in SMEHardness shore A(3’’) 68 63 52 66Modulus 100% (MPa) 5.7 4.8 4.8 3.6Tensile (MPa) 16.6 10.5 10.3 9.1Elongation (%) 174 216 183 204ChangeHardness (Points) 6 15 21 11Modulus 100% (%) 28 11 0 8Tensile (%) 21 29 34 20Elongation (%) 1 2 18 6Volume Swell (%) 5 40 72 23Aged 1008 hrs at 125 °C in RMEHardness shore A(3’’) 69 / / 66Modulus 100% (MPa) 5.6 / / 3.6Tensile (MPa) 18.4 / / 9.2Elongation (%) 192 / / 209ChangeHardness (Points) 6 / / 11Modulus 100% (%) 29 / / 8Tensile (%) 12 / / 19Elongation (%) 9 / / 3Volume Swell (%) 4 / / 27
15
Technical Information and Test Data
Technical information, test data, and advice provided by Dyneon personnel are based on information and tests we believe are reliable and are intended for persons with knowledge and technical skills sufficient to analyse test types and conditions, and to handle and use raw polymers and related compounding ingre dients. No license under any Dyneon or third party intellectual rights is granted or implied by virtue of this information.
General recommendations on health and safety in processing, on work hygiene and on measures to be taken in the event of accident are detailed in our material safety data sheets.
You will find further notes on the safe handling of fluoro poly mers in the brochure “Guide for the safe handling of Fluoropolymers Resins” by PlasticsEurope, Box 3, B1160 Brussels, Tel. +32 (2) 676 17 32.
The present edition replaces all previous versions. Please make sure and inquire if in doubt whether you have the latest edition.
Important Notice
All information set forth herein is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes regarding products and their uses. It should not therefore be construed as a guarantee of specific properties of the products described or their suitability for a particular application. Because conditions of product use are outside Dyneon’s control and vary widely, user must evaluate and determine whether a Dyneon product will be suitable for user’s intended application before using it. The quality of our products is warranted under our General Terms and Conditions of Sale as now are or hereafter may be in force.
Technical Service Fluoroelastomers 3M Belgium BVBA/SPRL3M Advanced Materials DivisionHaven 1005, Canadastraat 112070 ZwijndrechtBelgiumPhone: +32 (0) 3 250 78 68Fax: +32 (0) 3 250 79 04
Dyneon Customer Service EuropePhone: 00 800 395 366 27Fax: 00 800 396 366 39ItalyPhone: 800 791 018Fax: 800 781 019
3M Advanced Materials Division6744 33rd Street NorthOakdale, MN 55128USAPhone: +1 800 810 8499Fax: +1 800 635 8051
Where to go for more information?
Dyneon is a 3M company.Dyneon is a trademark of 3M.12/2016 All rights reserved.© Dyneon 2016 | FE201612EN
Dyneon GmbH3M Advanced Materials DivisionCarl-Schurz-Straße 141453 NeussPhone: +49 (0) 2131 14 22 65Fax: +49 (0) 2131 14 38 57www.dyneon.de
