President James Monroe
President James Monroe
The Era of Good Feelings
The Era of Good Feelings
Foreign Relations with
Foreign Relations with
European Nations
European Nations
Monroe Doctrine
Monroe Doctrine
CA 8th Grade US History Standard 8.5.2
New
Pre
sident
New
Pre
sident
In 1816, James Monroe
In 1816, James Monroe
won a landslide victory to
won a landslide victory to
become the new President.
become the new President.
The Democratic-Republican
The Democratic-Republican
party was incredibly
party was incredibly
popular. The Federalist
popular. The Federalist
party was dying away.
party was dying away.Political rivalries appeared
Political rivalries appeared
to disappear as Americans
to disappear as Americans
were becoming
were becoming increasingly patriotic.
increasingly patriotic.Many referred to this time
Many referred to this time
as the “Era of Good
as the “Era of Good Feelings”Feelings”
Tari
ffTa
riff
In 1815 The British started
In 1815 The British started
dumping goods in the U.S. They
dumping goods in the U.S. They
were selling goods at a very low
were selling goods at a very low
price hoping to force American
price hoping to force American
factories out of business.
factories out of business.
In 1816 Congress imposed a
In 1816 Congress imposed a
25% tariff. This made the North
25% tariff. This made the North
happy because it made
happy because it made
American goods less expensive.
American goods less expensive.
The South was unhappy because
The South was unhappy because
their imported goods became
their imported goods became
more expensive.
more expensive.This created a lot of tension in
This created a lot of tension in
America.America.Three important political figures
Three important political figures
came to power during this time.
came to power during this time.
John C. Calhoun fought for the
John C. Calhoun fought for the
South.South.
Daniel Webster fought for the
Daniel Webster fought for the
NorthNorth
Henry Clay fought for the West
Henry Clay fought for the West
Bri
tain
Bri
tain
In the years following the War
In the years following the War
of 1812 James Monroe and his
of 1812 James Monroe and his
Secretary of State John Quincy
Secretary of State John Quincy
Adams tried to resolve long
Adams tried to resolve long
standing disputes with Great
standing disputes with Great
Britain.Britain.
In 1817, the Rush-Bagot Treaty
In 1817, the Rush-Bagot Treaty
limited the number of naval
limited the number of naval
vessels the U.S. and Britain
vessels the U.S. and Britain
could have on the Great Lakes.
could have on the Great Lakes.
The treaty provided for the
The treaty provided for the
disarmament or removal of
disarmament or removal of
weapons, along the border
weapons, along the border
between the U.S. and British
between the U.S. and British
Canada.Canada.The Convention of 1818 set a
The Convention of 1818 set a
secure and demilitarized
secure and demilitarized
boundary to the Louisiana
boundary to the Louisiana
Territory between the U.S. and
Territory between the U.S. and
Canada at the 49
Canada at the 49 thth parallel. parallel.
Ore
gon
Ore
gon
Four countries claimed the
Four countries claimed the
Oregon Country in the early
Oregon Country in the early
1800s; Britain, Spain, Russia,
1800s; Britain, Spain, Russia,
and the United States.
and the United States.Spain and Russia eventually
Spain and Russia eventually
gave up their claims.
gave up their claims.To prevent war British and
To prevent war British and
American diplomats settled the
American diplomats settled the
dispute peacefully in the
dispute peacefully in the
Convention of 1818 agreeing to
Convention of 1818 agreeing to
joint occupancy of Oregon.
joint occupancy of Oregon.
Thousands of Americans
Thousands of Americans
streamed into Oregon Country
streamed into Oregon Country
while the number of British
while the number of British
residents remained small.
residents remained small.
In the Treaty of 1846 Britain and
In the Treaty of 1846 Britain and
the U.S. compromised by
the U.S. compromised by
dividing Oregon into American
dividing Oregon into American
and British sections at latitude
and British sections at latitude
4949˚̊N.N.
Fore
ign P
olic
ies
Fore
ign P
olic
ies
During Monroe’s presidency
During Monroe’s presidency
many changes occurred in
many changes occurred in
Latin America.
Latin America.James Monroe began the
James Monroe began the
long-term foreign policy of
long-term foreign policy of
keeping European powers
keeping European powers
out of the Americas.
out of the Americas.The idea of Manifest Destiny
The idea of Manifest Destiny
was also beginning to spread
was also beginning to spread
throughout America.
throughout America.Manifest Destiny is the belief
Manifest Destiny is the belief
that Americans had the right
that Americans had the right
if not the duty to expand and
if not the duty to expand and
claim the lands from the
claim the lands from the
Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific
Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific
Ocean.Ocean.
Spain
Spain
In 1818 General Andrew
In 1818 General Andrew
Jackson invaded Spanish
Jackson invaded Spanish
East Florida seizing control
East Florida seizing control
of two Spanish forts.
of two Spanish forts.Jackson had been told to
Jackson had been told to
stop Seminole raids on
stop Seminole raids on
Americans in Florida.
Americans in Florida.In capturing the Spanish
In capturing the Spanish
Forts Jackson went beyond
Forts Jackson went beyond
his orders.his orders.Luis de Onis the Spanish
Luis de Onis the Spanish
minister to the U.S.
minister to the U.S.
protested and demanded
protested and demanded
Jackson be punished.
Jackson be punished.Secretary of War John
Secretary of War John
Calhoun said Jackson should
Calhoun said Jackson should
be court-martialed but John
be court-martialed but John
Quincy Adams disagreed.
Quincy Adams disagreed.
Spain
Spain
Adams believed Spain
Adams believed Spain
did not want war and
did not want war and
negotiated the Adams-
negotiated the Adams-
Onis Treaty in 1819
Onis Treaty in 1819
giving East Florida to the
giving East Florida to the
U.S.U.S.The U.S. gave up claims
The U.S. gave up claims
to Spanish Texas and
to Spanish Texas and
took over a $5 million
took over a $5 million
debt Americans said
debt Americans said
Spain owed for
Spain owed for damages.damages.The treaty also extended
The treaty also extended
the border northwest
the border northwest
from the Gulf of Mexico
from the Gulf of Mexico
to the 42to the 42ndnd parallel and
parallel and
West to the Pacific, as
West to the Pacific, as
well as recognizing the
well as recognizing the
U.S. claim to the Oregon
U.S. claim to the Oregon
County.County.
Mex
ico
Mex
ico
Spain claimed all land West of
Spain claimed all land West of
the Louisiana Territory to the
the Louisiana Territory to the
Oregon country.
Oregon country.Two Catholic priests Fr. Miguel
Two Catholic priests Fr. Miguel
Hidalgo and Fr. Jose Morelos led
Hidalgo and Fr. Jose Morelos led
a revolution against Spain.
a revolution against Spain.
In 1821 Mexico won its freedom
In 1821 Mexico won its freedom
from Spain.
from Spain.Mexico invited American
Mexico invited American
traders and settlers into its
traders and settlers into its
frontier lands to increase trade
frontier lands to increase trade
and population also to boost
and population also to boost
the economy.
the economy.They soon questioned their
They soon questioned their
decision because most settlers
decision because most settlers
stayed American and resisted
stayed American and resisted
Mexican laws and customs.
Mexican laws and customs.
The U.S. tried to buy territory
The U.S. tried to buy territory
from Mexico but the Mexicans
from Mexico but the Mexicans
refused.refused.
Mex
ico
Mex
ico
Relations between the
Relations between the
countries worsened when
countries worsened when
American settlers in Texas
American settlers in Texas
revolted against Mexican rule.
revolted against Mexican rule.
Texas gained its
Texas gained its independence in 1836 and
independence in 1836 and
U.S. statehood in 1845.
U.S. statehood in 1845.These events caused Mexico
These events caused Mexico
to break diplomatic ties with
to break diplomatic ties with
the U.S.the U.S.
A dispute over the Texas-
A dispute over the Texas-
Mexico border caused more
Mexico border caused more
trouble and by the following
trouble and by the following
year Mexico and the U.S. were
year Mexico and the U.S. were
at war.at war.
Mexico was defeated and lost
Mexico was defeated and lost
almost half of its territory to
almost half of its territory to
the U.S. In 1848 the Treaty
the U.S. In 1848 the Treaty
of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended
of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended
the war.the war.The U.S. paid $15 million for
The U.S. paid $15 million for
the Mexican Cession which
the Mexican Cession which
gave the U.S. the area that
gave the U.S. the area that
includes CA, NM. AZ and a
includes CA, NM. AZ and a
number of other states.
number of other states.
Lati
n A
meri
ca
Lati
n A
meri
ca
In South America,
In South America, independence came because of
independence came because of
the efforts of two men. Simon
the efforts of two men. Simon
Bolivar known as “the
Bolivar known as “the
Liberator” led the movement
Liberator” led the movement
that won freedom for
that won freedom for
Venezuela, Colombia, Panama,
Venezuela, Colombia, Panama,
Bolivia and Ecuador
Bolivia and Ecuador..Jose de San Martin successfully
Jose de San Martin successfully
achieved independence for
achieved independence for
Chile and Peru
Chile and Peru..By 1824, the revolutionaries
By 1824, the revolutionaries
military victory was complete
military victory was complete
and most of South America had
and most of South America had
liberated itself from Spain.
liberated itself from Spain.
Portugal’s large colony of Brazil
Portugal’s large colony of Brazil
gained its independence
gained its independence
peacefully in 1822.
peacefully in 1822.Simon Bolivar and other Latin
Simon Bolivar and other Latin
American leaders were inspired
American leaders were inspired
to strive for independence by
to strive for independence by
the example of the U.S.
the example of the U.S.
Lati
n A
meri
ca
Lati
n A
meri
ca
Americans were glad to see
Americans were glad to see
European empires further
European empires further
weakened and looked
weakened and looked
forward to increased trade
forward to increased trade
between the U.S. and Latin
between the U.S. and Latin
America.America.On July 4, 1821, Secretary of
On July 4, 1821, Secretary of
State John Quincy Adams
State John Quincy Adams
gave a speech to Congress.
gave a speech to Congress.
He said “Wherever the
He said “Wherever the
standard of freedom and
standard of freedom and
independence has been or
independence has been or
shall be unfurled, there will
shall be unfurled, there will
her heart, her benedictions,
her heart, her benedictions,
her prayers be.”
her prayers be.”President Monroe
President Monroe demonstrated America’s
demonstrated America’s
support by recognizing the
support by recognizing the
independence of Latin
independence of Latin
American republics.
American republics.
Monro
e D
oct
rine
Monro
e D
oct
rine In 1822, the “Quadruple or Holy Alliance”
In 1822, the “Quadruple or Holy Alliance”
of France, Austria, Russia and Prussia
of France, Austria, Russia and Prussia
discussed a plan to help Spain regain its
discussed a plan to help Spain regain its
American holdings.
American holdings.The possibility of increased European
The possibility of increased European
involvement in North America led
involvement in North America led
President Monroe to take action.
President Monroe to take action.
In 1823, Monroe declared that the
In 1823, Monroe declared that the
American continents were “not to be
American continents were “not to be
considered as subjects for future
considered as subjects for future
colonization by any European powers.”
colonization by any European powers.”
He went on to say that “any foreign
He went on to say that “any foreign
military expeditions sent to the Western
military expeditions sent to the Western
Hemisphere would be seen as a threat to
Hemisphere would be seen as a threat to
the U.S.” Monroe warned that “No
the U.S.” Monroe warned that “No
European country should interfere in U.S.
European country should interfere in U.S.
affairs, at home or abroad”.
affairs, at home or abroad”.
Monroe's policy became known as the
Monroe's policy became known as the
“Monroe Doctrine”.
“Monroe Doctrine”. The Monroe Doctrine began America’s
The Monroe Doctrine began America’s
foreign policy of preventing other great
foreign policy of preventing other great
powers from interfering in Latin
powers from interfering in Latin
American political affairs. By keeping
American political affairs. By keeping
European powers out of the Americas.
European powers out of the Americas.