President James Monroe

President James Monroe

The Era of Good Feelings

The Era of Good Feelings

Foreign Relations with

Foreign Relations with

European Nations

European Nations

Monroe Doctrine

Monroe Doctrine

CA 8th Grade US History Standard 8.5.2

New

Pre

sident

New

Pre

sident

In 1816, James Monroe

In 1816, James Monroe

won a landslide victory to

won a landslide victory to

become the new President.

become the new President.

The Democratic-Republican

The Democratic-Republican

party was incredibly

party was incredibly

popular. The Federalist

popular. The Federalist

party was dying away.

party was dying away.Political rivalries appeared

Political rivalries appeared

to disappear as Americans

to disappear as Americans

were becoming

were becoming increasingly patriotic.

increasingly patriotic.Many referred to this time

Many referred to this time

as the “Era of Good

as the “Era of Good Feelings”Feelings”

Tari

ffTa

riff

In 1815 The British started

In 1815 The British started

dumping goods in the U.S. They

dumping goods in the U.S. They

were selling goods at a very low

were selling goods at a very low

price hoping to force American

price hoping to force American

factories out of business.

factories out of business.

In 1816 Congress imposed a

In 1816 Congress imposed a

25% tariff. This made the North

25% tariff. This made the North

happy because it made

happy because it made

American goods less expensive.

American goods less expensive.

The South was unhappy because

The South was unhappy because

their imported goods became

their imported goods became

more expensive.

more expensive.This created a lot of tension in

This created a lot of tension in

America.America.Three important political figures

Three important political figures

came to power during this time.

came to power during this time.

John C. Calhoun fought for the

John C. Calhoun fought for the

South.South.

Daniel Webster fought for the

Daniel Webster fought for the

NorthNorth

Henry Clay fought for the West

Henry Clay fought for the West

Bri

tain

Bri

tain

In the years following the War

In the years following the War

of 1812 James Monroe and his

of 1812 James Monroe and his

Secretary of State John Quincy

Secretary of State John Quincy

Adams tried to resolve long

Adams tried to resolve long

standing disputes with Great

standing disputes with Great

Britain.Britain.

In 1817, the Rush-Bagot Treaty

In 1817, the Rush-Bagot Treaty

limited the number of naval

limited the number of naval

vessels the U.S. and Britain

vessels the U.S. and Britain

could have on the Great Lakes.

could have on the Great Lakes.

The treaty provided for the

The treaty provided for the

disarmament or removal of

disarmament or removal of

weapons, along the border

weapons, along the border

between the U.S. and British

between the U.S. and British

Canada.Canada.The Convention of 1818 set a

The Convention of 1818 set a

secure and demilitarized

secure and demilitarized

boundary to the Louisiana

boundary to the Louisiana

Territory between the U.S. and

Territory between the U.S. and

Canada at the 49

Canada at the 49 thth parallel. parallel.

Ore

gon

Ore

gon

Four countries claimed the

Four countries claimed the

Oregon Country in the early

Oregon Country in the early

1800s; Britain, Spain, Russia,

1800s; Britain, Spain, Russia,

and the United States.

and the United States.Spain and Russia eventually

Spain and Russia eventually

gave up their claims.

gave up their claims.To prevent war British and

To prevent war British and

American diplomats settled the

American diplomats settled the

dispute peacefully in the

dispute peacefully in the

Convention of 1818 agreeing to

Convention of 1818 agreeing to

joint occupancy of Oregon.

joint occupancy of Oregon.

Thousands of Americans

Thousands of Americans

streamed into Oregon Country

streamed into Oregon Country

while the number of British

while the number of British

residents remained small.

residents remained small.

In the Treaty of 1846 Britain and

In the Treaty of 1846 Britain and

the U.S. compromised by

the U.S. compromised by

dividing Oregon into American

dividing Oregon into American

and British sections at latitude

and British sections at latitude

4949˚̊N.N.

Fore

ign P

olic

ies

Fore

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ies

During Monroe’s presidency

During Monroe’s presidency

many changes occurred in

many changes occurred in

Latin America.

Latin America.James Monroe began the

James Monroe began the

long-term foreign policy of

long-term foreign policy of

keeping European powers

keeping European powers

out of the Americas.

out of the Americas.The idea of Manifest Destiny

The idea of Manifest Destiny

was also beginning to spread

was also beginning to spread

throughout America.

throughout America.Manifest Destiny is the belief

Manifest Destiny is the belief

that Americans had the right

that Americans had the right

if not the duty to expand and

if not the duty to expand and

claim the lands from the

claim the lands from the

Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific

Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific

Ocean.Ocean.

Spain

Spain

In 1818 General Andrew

In 1818 General Andrew

Jackson invaded Spanish

Jackson invaded Spanish

East Florida seizing control

East Florida seizing control

of two Spanish forts.

of two Spanish forts.Jackson had been told to

Jackson had been told to

stop Seminole raids on

stop Seminole raids on

Americans in Florida.

Americans in Florida.In capturing the Spanish

In capturing the Spanish

Forts Jackson went beyond

Forts Jackson went beyond

his orders.his orders.Luis de Onis the Spanish

Luis de Onis the Spanish

minister to the U.S.

minister to the U.S.

protested and demanded

protested and demanded

Jackson be punished.

Jackson be punished.Secretary of War John

Secretary of War John

Calhoun said Jackson should

Calhoun said Jackson should

be court-martialed but John

be court-martialed but John

Quincy Adams disagreed.

Quincy Adams disagreed.

Spain

Spain

Adams believed Spain

Adams believed Spain

did not want war and

did not want war and

negotiated the Adams-

negotiated the Adams-

Onis Treaty in 1819

Onis Treaty in 1819

giving East Florida to the

giving East Florida to the

U.S.U.S.The U.S. gave up claims

The U.S. gave up claims

to Spanish Texas and

to Spanish Texas and

took over a $5 million

took over a $5 million

debt Americans said

debt Americans said

Spain owed for

Spain owed for damages.damages.The treaty also extended

The treaty also extended

the border northwest

the border northwest

from the Gulf of Mexico

from the Gulf of Mexico

to the 42to the 42ndnd parallel and

parallel and

West to the Pacific, as

West to the Pacific, as

well as recognizing the

well as recognizing the

U.S. claim to the Oregon

U.S. claim to the Oregon

County.County.

Mex

ico

Mex

ico

Spain claimed all land West of

Spain claimed all land West of

the Louisiana Territory to the

the Louisiana Territory to the

Oregon country.

Oregon country.Two Catholic priests Fr. Miguel

Two Catholic priests Fr. Miguel

Hidalgo and Fr. Jose Morelos led

Hidalgo and Fr. Jose Morelos led

a revolution against Spain.

a revolution against Spain.

In 1821 Mexico won its freedom

In 1821 Mexico won its freedom

from Spain.

from Spain.Mexico invited American

Mexico invited American

traders and settlers into its

traders and settlers into its

frontier lands to increase trade

frontier lands to increase trade

and population also to boost

and population also to boost

the economy.

the economy.They soon questioned their

They soon questioned their

decision because most settlers

decision because most settlers

stayed American and resisted

stayed American and resisted

Mexican laws and customs.

Mexican laws and customs.

The U.S. tried to buy territory

The U.S. tried to buy territory

from Mexico but the Mexicans

from Mexico but the Mexicans

refused.refused.

Mex

ico

Mex

ico

Relations between the

Relations between the

countries worsened when

countries worsened when

American settlers in Texas

American settlers in Texas

revolted against Mexican rule.

revolted against Mexican rule.

Texas gained its

Texas gained its independence in 1836 and

independence in 1836 and

U.S. statehood in 1845.

U.S. statehood in 1845.These events caused Mexico

These events caused Mexico

to break diplomatic ties with

to break diplomatic ties with

the U.S.the U.S.

A dispute over the Texas-

A dispute over the Texas-

Mexico border caused more

Mexico border caused more

trouble and by the following

trouble and by the following

year Mexico and the U.S. were

year Mexico and the U.S. were

at war.at war.

Mexico was defeated and lost

Mexico was defeated and lost

almost half of its territory to

almost half of its territory to

the U.S. In 1848 the Treaty

the U.S. In 1848 the Treaty

of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended

of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended

the war.the war.The U.S. paid $15 million for

The U.S. paid $15 million for

the Mexican Cession which

the Mexican Cession which

gave the U.S. the area that

gave the U.S. the area that

includes CA, NM. AZ and a

includes CA, NM. AZ and a

number of other states.

number of other states.

Lati

n A

meri

ca

Lati

n A

meri

ca

In South America,

In South America, independence came because of

independence came because of

the efforts of two men. Simon

the efforts of two men. Simon

Bolivar known as “the

Bolivar known as “the

Liberator” led the movement

Liberator” led the movement

that won freedom for

that won freedom for

Venezuela, Colombia, Panama,

Venezuela, Colombia, Panama,

Bolivia and Ecuador

Bolivia and Ecuador..Jose de San Martin successfully

Jose de San Martin successfully

achieved independence for

achieved independence for

Chile and Peru

Chile and Peru..By 1824, the revolutionaries

By 1824, the revolutionaries

military victory was complete

military victory was complete

and most of South America had

and most of South America had

liberated itself from Spain.

liberated itself from Spain.

Portugal’s large colony of Brazil

Portugal’s large colony of Brazil

gained its independence

gained its independence

peacefully in 1822.

peacefully in 1822.Simon Bolivar and other Latin

Simon Bolivar and other Latin

American leaders were inspired

American leaders were inspired

to strive for independence by

to strive for independence by

the example of the U.S.

the example of the U.S.

Lati

n A

meri

ca

Lati

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ca

Americans were glad to see

Americans were glad to see

European empires further

European empires further

weakened and looked

weakened and looked

forward to increased trade

forward to increased trade

between the U.S. and Latin

between the U.S. and Latin

America.America.On July 4, 1821, Secretary of

On July 4, 1821, Secretary of

State John Quincy Adams

State John Quincy Adams

gave a speech to Congress.

gave a speech to Congress.

He said “Wherever the

He said “Wherever the

standard of freedom and

standard of freedom and

independence has been or

independence has been or

shall be unfurled, there will

shall be unfurled, there will

her heart, her benedictions,

her heart, her benedictions,

her prayers be.”

her prayers be.”President Monroe

President Monroe demonstrated America’s

demonstrated America’s

support by recognizing the

support by recognizing the

independence of Latin

independence of Latin

American republics.

American republics.

Monro

e D

oct

rine

Monro

e D

oct

rine In 1822, the “Quadruple or Holy Alliance”

In 1822, the “Quadruple or Holy Alliance”

of France, Austria, Russia and Prussia

of France, Austria, Russia and Prussia

discussed a plan to help Spain regain its

discussed a plan to help Spain regain its

American holdings.

American holdings.The possibility of increased European

The possibility of increased European

involvement in North America led

involvement in North America led

President Monroe to take action.

President Monroe to take action.

In 1823, Monroe declared that the

In 1823, Monroe declared that the

American continents were “not to be

American continents were “not to be

considered as subjects for future

considered as subjects for future

colonization by any European powers.”

colonization by any European powers.”

He went on to say that “any foreign

He went on to say that “any foreign

military expeditions sent to the Western

military expeditions sent to the Western

Hemisphere would be seen as a threat to

Hemisphere would be seen as a threat to

the U.S.” Monroe warned that “No

the U.S.” Monroe warned that “No

European country should interfere in U.S.

European country should interfere in U.S.

affairs, at home or abroad”.

affairs, at home or abroad”.

Monroe's policy became known as the

Monroe's policy became known as the

“Monroe Doctrine”.

“Monroe Doctrine”. The Monroe Doctrine began America’s

The Monroe Doctrine began America’s

foreign policy of preventing other great

foreign policy of preventing other great

powers from interfering in Latin

powers from interfering in Latin

American political affairs. By keeping

American political affairs. By keeping

European powers out of the Americas.

European powers out of the Americas.