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EverincreasingmarineconstructionandhumanactivitieswithintheEuropeanseasnecessitatesmorejudiciousplanninginthe useofoceanspace.Thisplanningmustconsiderthemulti-useofoceanspaceinordertominimizetheenvironmentalimpacts.Goingoffshore:combiningrenewable energyandfoodproductionprovidesuswithbothsubstantialcleanenergyandhighqualityseafoodwhileminimizingtheindividualenvironmentalimpacts of bothindustries.Thisstudywillfocusontherisksandopportunitiesofbothco-locationandMUP(Multi-useplatform)scenarios:intotalsixcommercialprojectsfrom theoffshoreprojectdevelopers’portfolio(bothEUandnon-EU).Inaddition,newopportunitiesforfutureco-locationandMUPcommercialdevelopmentareoutlinedaccordingtotheprospectiveworkcombiningbothEuropeanBlueGrowthgoalsandtheoffshoreprojectdevelopers’long-termprojectportfolio.

Goingoffshore:Combiningrenewableenergyandfoodproduction!WeiHeandHanneWigum

StatoilPetroleumAS,Bergen,Norway

PO.317

Abstract

Overviewofthe “Crowdedsea”

Acceleratethemovementofaquaculturetooffshoresites

Riskassessment andSummary

Europeanseaswillbesubjecttomassivedevelopmentofmarineinfrastructuresinthenearfuture.Fig.1showstheoverviewofthe “Crowdedsea”.Theoffshoreactivitiesaredividedintofivecategoriesasfollows.•Theinstallationof150GWcapacityofoffshorewindfarmbefore2030•Thefastgrowthofoffshoreindustriesincludingfishing,dredging,oil/gas,constructionofartificialreefandisland,andmining•Transportationincludingpublic,tourismandthetransportationrelatedtooffshoreindustries•NetworkinfrastructurerelatedtoRadarforautomation,cablesandpipelines•Protectedareasincludingbirds,marinelifeandculturalheritage

Bothco-locationandMUPhavegreatnewopportunitiestopromoteEuropeanBlueGrowthgoalsforthe“Crowdedsea”.However,therearebothtechnologicalandnon-technologicalbarriersthatcanhinderbothco-locationandMUP.

OffshoreNearshore

1. Offshoreenergyproduction:10GWin2016&150GWin2030

Newopportunitiesofco-location

&MUP

Nearshore

2.Offshoreindustry:FishingDredgingOil/gasAquacultureArtificialreefOffshoreislandMining

5.Protectedareas:Birds

MarinelifeCulturalheritage

3.Transportation:IncludingtourismRelatedto1&2

4.Networkinfrastructure:RadarforautomationCablesPipelines

OffshoreMarinespace

Fig.1.Newopportunitiesofco-locationandMUP

Statoilhassuccessfullyappliedits45yearsofworldleadingoffshoreoilandgasplatformexperiencetooffshorewindfarm development.Utilizingboththeplatformandoffshorewindexperiencehasthepotentialtoovercometechnologybottlenecksinordertoacceleratethemovementofaquaculturetooffshoresites.

Theriskassessment aimsatshowingboththerealandperceivedchallengeswhichsofarhaveblockedthedevelopmentofcommercialoffshoreprojects.Therisksareassessedinfourprojectphases:i)Pre-project(includinglicenses,feasibilityandinvestmentdecision),ii)Commission,iii)OperationandMaintenance(O&M),and iv)Decommission.Sixco-locationandMUPcommercialprojects(fourintheEUandtwooutsidetheEU)listedinthetablebelowhavebeenselectedtogiveinsightsintotherealbarriersandrisksencounteredglobally.Sincetheoffshoreprojectsinvolvehightechnology,highinvestmentandhighrisks,mostdevelopmentsarestoppedduringthepre-projectphase.Accordingly,theexperiencesandlessonslearnedfrombothEUandnon-EUcommercialprojectsatthepre-projectphase arefocusedon.

CO-location/MUP-Sites Project phase Experiences/lessonsTwooffshorewindfarmsintheUKOffshore(20kmand32km,respectively)

Oneinoperation;oneinthecommissionphase;Co-location/MUPnotimplemented

The stakeholders are not willing take new risks from Co-location/MUP; The risks related tothe aquaculture technology at the site; no financial supports for the Co-location/MUP.

LargeoffshorewindfarminUK,Marinespace:8600km2 (125to175km)

Inpre-projectphase(difficulttoreachfullinvestmentdecision)

Co-location/MUP will increase the total yield and has the potential to improve theeconomics; The implementation bottlenecks are the maturity of the aquaculture technologyat the site and financial supports for combining both wind and aquaculture sectors

Floatingwindturbinesuppliespowertooil/gasplatforminNorwegiansea,Marinespace(100km)

Inpre-projectphase(nearfullinvestmentdecision)

Proposed in 2006; The investment decision was postponed for 10 years due to the maturityof the floating wind turbine technology and the emission reduction benefits.

Dafengoffshorewindfarmcombingwithaquaculture farminChina:2*150MW,Nearshore

Inoperationphase The Co-location (150 MW wind and aquaculture at small scale) is in operation. Feedbacksfrom the stakeholders are excellent; Co-location and MUP are included in the design of thesecond 150 MW offshorewind farm.

Floatingoffshorefarmcombingwindandaquaculture inJapan,Nearshore

Inpre-projectphase The stakeholders requested the Co-location/MUP; The low risk aquaculture activities basedon the local traditions were implanted in the feasibility study.

Summary:Applyingoffshorewindtechnologytooffshoreaquaculture:1)Achieveaquaculturetechnologybreakthroughs,and2)Exploringthesynergyamongstoffshorewindfarms&aquaculture:i)Turntheconflictsintoco-operation;increaseyield;offshoreelectricityuser,andii)Jointtechnologydevelopment.

[Ref.1]W.He,R.Yttervik,G.P.Olsen,andI.Ostvik,Acasestudyof1000MWoffshorewindfarmwithaquaculturefarm,Posternr.616,EWEA2013,Vienna,Austria,February4th to7th,2013.[Ref.2]WeiHe,Jacket-Cage:Dual-UsetheJacketFoundationofOffshoreWindTurbineforAquacultureFarming,WindEngineering,39(3),pages:311-320,2015.

Offshoreoilandgasplatform Offshorewindturbine Offshorefishfarmingcages