Nose External nose Nasal cavity
Both are divided by nasal septum into right and left halves.
ANATOMY
It has, Naris Alar nasi It is made up of, Nasal bone Frontal process of
maxilla Nasal part of
frontal bone
EXTERNAL NOSE
The lateral wall consist of, Concha Meatus
Concha has, Superior concha Middle concha Inferior concha
Meatus has, Inferior meatus Middle meatus Superior meatus Sphenoethmoidal recess
CONT…
Sinus are air space in our skull & facial bone
They are four types 1. Frontal2. Ethmoid3. Sphenoid4. Maxillary
INTRODUCTION
Shape:- Pyramidal shape Location:- between inner and outer
table frontal bone Border:- Anterior:- outer table Posterior:- inner table Floor:- thin bone separating from the orbit Medial:- bony septum
FRONTAL SINUS
It consists of three group1. Anterior group:- 2. Middle group:- 3. Posterior group
Border:- Roof:- anterior cranial fossa lateral to
cribriform plate Posterior:- sphenoid sinus Inferior:- maxillary sinus Medial:- superior and middle turbinate Lateral:- lamina papracea
ETHMOID SINUSES
Largest sinus Pyramidal shape Border:- Roof:- floor of orbit Floor:- alveolar process of maxilla & palate Medial:- between sinus & nasal cavity Anterior:- soft tissue of cheek Posterior:- pterygopalatine & infra temporal
fossae
MAXILLARY SINUS
Two sphenoid sinuses Separated by a septum Border:- Lateral:- ICA & cavernous sinus Superior:- pituitary gland & optic chiasma Inferior:- nasopharynx Posterior:- brain stem
SPHENOID SINUS
The anatomy of drainage revolves around the ostiomeatal unit.
Middle turbinate Ethmoid bulla Hiatus semilunaris Maxillary infundibulum Uncinate process
DRAINAGES OF SINUSES
CONT…
Frontal Middle meatus via infundibulum
Maxillary
Middle meatus through hiatus semilunaris
Sphenoid
Sphenoethmoidal recess
Ethmoid Anterio
r groupInfundibulum & middle meatus
Middle group
Middle meatus on or above bullae ethmoidals
Posterior group
Superior meatus
Trauma to face Inflammatory Sino nasal disease Granulomatous disease Preoperative staging of tumors Postoperative follow up Neoplastic Sino nasal disease
INDICATION
X-ray Occipito-mental occipito-frontal 15° caudal Lateral
CT-scan Coronal scan Axial Sagittal
MRI is generally used for evaluating of any complication of local sinus infection particularly suspected intracranial extension
EXAMINATION
Nasal septumLamina
papyraceaEthmoid sinusesSphenoid sinussella turcicaGreater
sphenoid wingDorsum sella
AT THE LEVEL OF ETHMOID SINUS
Nasal septumSphenoid sinusSphenoid sinus
ostiumMiddle turbinateZygomaLacrimal sacNasal boneMaxillary sinus
AT THE LEVEL OF SPHENOID SINUS
Maxillary sinusNasolacrimal
ductSphenoid sinusVomerInferior
turbinateZygomatic arch
AT THE LEVEL OF MAXILLARY SINUS