PLANNING THE
ENTERPRISE
DATABASE
Chandra S. Amaravadi
Introduction
Enterprise Analysis Methodology
Enterprise Data Model
Planning process
Resource requirements
IN THIS PRESENTATION..
THE DEVELOPMENT CYCLE
Planning
Analysis (Requirements definition)
Design (Logical & Physical)
Implementation
Maintenance
The database development cycle starts with planning:
INTRODUCTION
PLANNING IN GENERAL
What are some situations that require planning?
What happens if you don’t plan?
WITHOUT ADEQUATE PLANNING
Organizational changes impact development Cause project schedule changes Rework
In-accurate estimation of resources Project may be halted
DATABASE PLANNING
Problems caused by inadequate planning:
ABOUT DATABASE PLANNINGDatabase planning is carried out before the rest of the development cycle, to obtain an idea of the extent and scope of the project and the resource requirements.
Typical issues addressed are: How large will the database be? What areas of the organization? How many analysts will it require?What are the HW/SW needs?
ENTERPRISE PLANNING
METHODOLOGY(also called Business Systems Planning)
ENTERPRISE PLANNING METHODOLOGY
Study processes and data (information classes) map processes with data (EA matrix) develop Enterprise Data Model (EDM) develop a preliminary idea of requirements
A method of planning that covers the entire organization.
NOTION OF A BUSINESS PROCESS
Examples of business processes are:
Registration
Order raw materials
Production planning
job set up
A process is a group of related activities
PROCESSES ARE PART OF FUNCTIONS
FunctionFunction
Process1Process1 Process2Process2 Process3Process3
Activity1Activity1 Activity2Activity2 Activity3Activity3
Function: a broad grouping of related processesProcess: a broad grouping of related activitiesActivity: a step in a process; an individual action
FUNCTIONS PROCESSES & ACTIVITIES
CAR MAINTENANCE
? ? ?
? ? ?
ACTIVITY—DATA RELATIONSHIP
Create data (C)
Update/Use data (U)
Delete data (D)
FN./PROCESS/ACTIVITY CAN
Registration
Order raw materials
Maintaining an equipment
Quality control
WHAT DATA DO THESE CREATE/UPDATE?
AN ENTERPRISE ANALYSIS MATRIX
Info. classes
Processes
Production plan
Raw
Matls. list
Emp. list
Production planning C U
Order raw matls. U
M/C set up U
CREATING AN EA MATRIX
draw a table with a large top row and as many rows as there are processes. Create columns in the table.
used to list information classes (see below)
identify all processes
list all processes in the first column, rowwise (skip heading row)
identify all information classesE.g. course schedule, student
list them in the heading row, after the first column
Whenever a process uses an information class use “C” or “U” to denote creates and uses.
FOR DISCUSSION
Create an Enterprise Analysis matrix for a university
ENTERPRISE DATA MODEL(also called Planning Model)
ENTERPRISE DATA MODEL(EDM)
An Enterprise Data Model (EDM) is a preliminary data model created during planning to understand ??? needs.
Depicts eclasses & relationships
[Name written on relationship]
Does not show ???
Use only horizontal and vertical lines
1:1A B
A B 1:M
A B M:N
ENTERPRISE DATA MODEL..
PRODUCT WARRANTYhas
DEVELOPING AN EDM
PRODUCT DEFECTShas
PRODUCT* SHIFTSproduced
*Assume a complex product
ENTERPRISE DATA MODEL(EDM)
TENANT
BUILDING
Leased to
OWNERHas an
PARCEL
LEASE
Signed byAssociated with
FOR DISCUSSION
Draw an Enterprise Data model for a university
THE PLANNING PROCESS
PLANNING PRE-REQUISITES
1. Top management commitment
green signal
public acknowledgement
2. Project team
database analysts
team co-ordinators
Requirements to be fulfilled before planning starts:
THE PLANNING META MODEL..
Organization
Application
CSFs
E class
Functions
Processes
CSF: Critical Success Factor; a business variable that is very important to success
descr. of information gathered during planning.
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS
Factors critical to success of organization
Key resources – e.g. specialists Key processes – e.g. patient care Key activities – e.g. MRI
PLANNING STEPS
1. Identify organizational background
e.g. functions, processes, strategies, # of employees
2. Identify information used/created by functions/processes
3. Develop planning matrices
e.g. function vs CSF, process vs eclass etc.
4. Develop Enterprise Data Model
5.Define scope of the development, project teams.
6. Develop planning report
ELEMENTS OF A DATABASE PLAN
1. Exec Summary
2. Organizational background
3. Enterprise Analysis results/Data Models
4. Hardware/Software recommendations
5. Implementation plan
(REPORT)
PLANNING OUTCOMES
Understanding of the organization’s requirements. Planning matrices Preliminary data model (Enterprise model)
Project planning scope, priorities, team assignment
Resource requirements for database developmenthardware, software, personnel
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Outcomes of database planning are:
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
AND PITFALLS
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FORENTERPRISE PLANNING
Cost from $450,000 - $2 m Team size 10-15 Duration 31/2 months - one year
FROM A STUDY OF NINE ORGANIZATIONS:
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PLANNING PITFALLS
insufficient management support organizational direction not clearly known strategic IS plan not available or up-to-date lack of co-ordination among planning sub-units
Planning fails because:
What stage in the development process is planning carried out? What do we accomplish in database planning? What would be the essential elements of a database plan? Why do we need to study org. functions? What does the Enterprise Data Model show? What are CSFs, apart from expansion of definition? How can we identify critical processes? How can we prioritize database development? What are the common causes of failure in the
planning process?
DISCUSSION
THAT’S ALL FOLKS!