802.11ac Demystified Understand the fundamentals of 802.11ac
802.11ac Demystified Speakers: Avril Salter, PhD VP of Faculty Applied Learning Solutions Brett Schavey Sr. Director of Technical Marketing Meru Networks
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Avril Salter 2012
Dr. Avril Salters Biography
Began working on wireless LANs in 1992
Held executive and technical positions at IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Motorola, and Sprint
Recent consulting assignments Monetizing next generation carrier-grade hotspots for iPass Rethinking the small cell business model for Intel Virtualization in the base station for Intel Spectrum analysis for MedCo Next generation Wi-Fi training for Cisco Cisco CCNA/CCNP wireless certification training videos HP MASE certification train-the trainer courses
Worked extensively in Australia, Asia, Europe and North America
Ph.D. in engineering from the University of Reading, UK
http://www.linkedin.com/in/avrilsalter
2012 Avril Salter All rights reserved.
802.11ac Demystified Everything you need to know about 802.11ac
Dr. Avril Salter September, 2012
Avril Salter 2012
What we are Discussing
Timelines and industry forecasts
Key 802.11ac features
Strategic recommendations
Avril Salter 2012
Use Case
Wireless display Webcam
streaming Projection to TV
Distribution of HDTV and other content Home Airplane Remote
medical assistance
Backhaul traffic
Transfer of large files Surveillance Sync and go Back up
Manufacturing automation
Campus and auditorium deployments Tele-
presence
Avril Salter 2012
802.11 Standards 802.11 1 & 2 Mbps, 2.4 GHz RF, infrared (1997)
802.11a 54 Mbps, 5 GHz (1999)
802.11b Enhancements to 5.5 & 11 Mbps (1999)
802.11c Bridge operations, part of 802.1D (2001)
802.11d International extensions (2001)
802.11e QoS enhancements (2005)
802.11F Inter-access point protocol (withdrawn)
802.11g 54 Mb/s, 2.4 GHz standard (2003)
802.11h Spectrum managed 802.11a (5 GHz) (2004)
802.11i Enhanced security (2004)
802.11j Extensions for Japan (2004)
802.11k Radio resource measurements (May 2008)
802.11m Maintenance of the standard.
802.11-2007 New standard release (2007)
802.11-2011 New standard release (Mar 2012)
802.11n Higher throughput (2009)
802.11p Wireless access vehicular environment (2010)
802.11r Fast BSS transition (2008)
802.11s Mesh networking (2011)
802.11T Wireless performance prediction (cancelled)
802.11u Interworking with non-802 networks (2011)
802.11v Wireless network management (2011)
802.11w Protected management frames (2009)
802.11y 36503700 MHz operation in the U.S. (2008)
802.11z Extensions to direct link setup (DLS) (2010)
802.11aa Robust streaming of audio/video (June 2012)
802.11ac Very high throughput
Avril Salter 2012
Wi-Fi Alliance Certification
Wi-Fi Alliance interoperability programs for Very High Throughput in 5 GHz (802.11ac) are
In development
Could we see draft ac certified products in the next few months?
Avril Salter 2012
Comparison with 802.11n
IEEE 802.11n IEEE 802.11ac
Frequency Band 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz 5 GHz only
Channel Width 20, 40 MHz 20, 40, 80 MHz (160 MHz optional)
Spatial Streams 1 to 4 1 to 8 total up to 4 per client
Multi-user MIMO No Yes
Single Stream (1x1) Maximum Client Data Rate
150 Mb/s 433 Mb/s*
Three Stream (3x3) Maximum Client Data Rate
450 Mb/s 1.3 Gb/s*
* Assumes a 80MHz channel
MIMO = Multiple Input Multiple Output
Avril Salter 2012
What the Analysts are Saying
802.11ac chipsets (ABI Research) Small volumes in 2012 Significant increase in 2013 Most will be 802.11n/802.11ac
dual-band chipsets
802.11ac enabled devices (In-Stat) Mobile devices will dominate shipments
1B by 2015 800M 802.11ac mobile phones
Mobile hotspots 802.11ac enabled in 2015
Enterprise-grade 802.11ac Wi-Fi equipment (equipment vendors) Expected to ship early 2013
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Tri-Band n/ac/ad
Dual-Band n/ac Dual-Band n
Single-Band n
Wi-Fi Chipset Shipments (Millions)
Source: ABI Research
Avril Salter 2012
Global Availability of Spectrum Drives Pricing
Shows NA channel plan
140
136
132
128
124
120
116
112
108
104
100
165
161
157
153
149
64
60
56
52
48
44
40
36 IEEE
Channel #
20 MHz
40 MHz
80 MHz
5170 MHz
5330 MHz
5490 MHz
5730 MHz
5735 MHz
5835 MHz
144
160 MHz
Avril Salter 2012
Backward Compatible with 802.11n
OFDM with the same subcarrier spacing as 802.11n
128 subcarriers in a 40 MHz channel
108 data carriers
6 Pilot tones at -53, -25, -11, 11, 25, 53
14 Null tones at -64 to -59, -1, 0, 1, 59 to 63
40MHz
Pilot Pilot Pilot Pilot Null Nulls Nulls Pilot Pilot
OFDM = Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Avril Salter 2012
Wider Channels mean Higher Data Rates
Bandwidth (MHz)
Number of Subcarriers
Number of data subcarriers
Maximum data rate Pilots Nulls
20 64 52 87 Mb/s 4 8
40 128 108 200 Mb/s 6 14
80 256 234 433 Mb/s 8 14
160 512 468 867 Mb/s 16 28
80+80 256+256 234+234 867 Mb/s 16 28
Data rates assumes 1 spatial stream 256-QAM 400ns guard interval
Avril Salter 2012
Optional Client Features
Feature that are also in 802.11n
400 ns short guard interval
Space Time Block Coding (STBC)
Low Density Parity Check (LDPC ) codes
Features not in 802.11n
256-QAM modulation
2 to 8 spatial streams
Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO)
MIMO = Multiple Input Multiple Output, QAM = Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
Avril Salter 2012
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)
Single antenna 802.11ac devices
E.g. tablet, smart phone
433 Mb/s
Same power consumption and battery life as 802.11n 150 Mb/s solution
Wireless Performance Comparison Antenna Configuration 802.11n 802.11ac
Single Stream (1x1) 150 Mb/s 433 Mb/s*
Dual Stream (2x2) 300 Mb/s 867 Mb/s*
Three Stream (3x3) 450 Mb/s 1.3 Gb/s* * Assuming a 80 MHz channel
Avril Salter 2012
How Beamforming Works
Consists of several antenna elements
Each signal has a different gain (g) and phase ()
A beam is formed by combining these signals
A beam can be steered by varying the gain and phase
Does not require the client to
have multiple antennas
Avril Salter 2012
Introducing Multi-User MIMO
Sometimes referred to as virtual MIMO
If two subscribers are spatially separated
Create two beams using the same channel
Increases capacity
2014
Avril Salter 2012
Strategic Question
Should I buy now or later?
Avril Salter 2012
Strategic Recommendations
Measure the growth in your wireless traffic
Many business exceeding forecasts
Emerging success factor for many businesses
When will you need more capacity
Avril Salter 2012
Strategic Recommendations
Plan, plan, plan
802.11ac substantially Increases deployment complexity
Wider and few channels
Regulatory variances
Beamforming
RF management and control essential
Avril Salter 2012
Strategic Recommendations
Get ready for the next generation of wireless devices
Increased usage of tablets and smart phones in the enterprise
Rapid replacement of mobile devices
Avril Salter 2012
Thank You.
Thank You
Attribution: All images licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 license
802.11ac Demystified Market and Meru view of the 802.11ac solution
BYOD 802.11ac Adoption
24 Source ABI Research
MCS Index Modulation 800ns GI 400ns GI 800ns GI 400ns GI 800ns GI 400ns GI 800ns GI 400ns GI0 BPSK 6.5 7.2 13.5 15 29.3 32.5 58.5 651 QPSK 13 14.4 27 30 58.5 65 117 1302 QPSK 19.5 21.7 40.5 45 87.8 97.5 175.5 1953 16-QAM 26 28.9 54 60 117 130 234 2604 16-QAM 39 43.3 81 90 175.5 195 351 3905 64-QAM 52 57.8 108 120 234 260 468 5206 64-QAM 58.5 65 121.5 135 263.3 292.5 526.5 5857 64-QAM 65 72.2 135 150 292.5 325 585 6508 256-QAM 78 86.7 162 180 351 390 702 7809 256-QAM n/a n/a 180 200 390 433.3 780 866.7
20Mhz 40Mhz 80Mhz 160MhzSingle Spatial Stream Data Rates (Nss=1)
Why Smartphones and Tablets will Adopt 802.11ac
25
Source IEEE 802.11ac Draft
Why Smartphones and Tablets will Adopt 802.11ac
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802.11n vs 802.11ac Power Requirements
Source Broadcom
Multi-User MIMO
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Two spatial streams
Two spatial streams One spatial stream
One spatial stream
Allows a MU-AP to transmit at high date rates simultaneously to multiple clients Maximum 4 stations allowed per MU-MIMO transmission Additional streams on the AP leverage to support multiple single-stream clients
Provides better channel reuse in single channel, enables higher client density within any Single Channel
Beamforming
Phased Array Beamforming
Switched or adaptive
Proprietary and unidirectional
Chip-based Beamforming
standards-based
Explicit and Implicit feedback
Supported by APs and clients
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Beamforming Benefits and Challenges
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Early Test Results
BENEFITS Standardized approach Provides better rate at range Will be leveraged by all access
point and client vendors
CHALLENGES Implementations will have to
address: sticky clients hidden nodes under served clients
DFS
Not allowed in Europe
Wider channels: 80MHz and 160MHz
Available Channels for 11ac
48
IEEE channel # 20 MHz 40 MHz 80 MHz
5170 MHz
5330 MHz
5490 MHz
5730 MHz
5735 MHz
5835 MHz
160 MHz
36
40
44
60
52
64
116
56
136
132
124
120
108
100
104
128
112
165
161
157
140
153
Weather radar
Not allowed in North America
149
144
30
DFS = Dynamic Frequency Selection
Including DFS Excluding DFS Channel Size US EUROPE US EUROPE 40 MHz 8 9 4 2
80 MHz 4 5 2 1
160 MHz 2 2
80+80 MHz 1 2 1
Wider channels means fewer of them!
Higher Data Rates Require Better SNR
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Source Broadcom
Deploy 802.11n Today or Wait for 802.11ac?
Configuration 802.11n 40MHz 802.11ac 40MHz 802.11ac 80MHz Single radio 2x2:2 300Mbps 400Mbps 866.7Mbps
Single radio 3x3:3 450Mbps 600Mbps 1.3Mbps
Dual radio 3x3:3 900Mbps* 1.2Gpbs 2.6Mbps
Tri radio 3x3:3 1.35Gbps* 1.8Gbps 3.9Gpbs
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High Data Rates are available today with current 802.11n products
Sufficient capacity for
most apps and use cases
25% Higher capacity than 11n equivalent
802.11ac Adoption Timeline
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Innovators Early Adopters Early Majority Late Majority Laggards
EOY 2012 2x2:2 Laptops
Some USB Gaming bridges
2014 2nd Gen Enterprise Equipment
160 MHz Channels MU-MIMO
Additional Streams
Q2 2013 1x1:1 Smartphones
and Tablets Now Retail
electronics
H1 2013 1st Gen Enterprise Equipment
3x3:3 radios 80 MHz Channels
Beam forming 1.3 Gbps per radio
Impact of 802.11ac on WLAN Date: October 10, 2012 Time: 10am PST / 1pm EST / 6:00pm GMT Speakers: Robert Crisp VP, Worldwide Systems Engineering Meru Networks Craig Mathias Principal Farpoint Group
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Questions?
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Thank YOU for attending and stay tuned for our
next webinar!
802.11ac Demystified802.11ac DemystifiedSpeakers:Avril Salter, PhDVP of FacultyApplied Learning Solutions Brett SchaveySr. Director of Technical MarketingMeru NetworksDr. Avril Salters Biography802.11ac DemystifiedWhat we are DiscussingUse Case802.11 StandardsWi-Fi Alliance CertificationComparison with 802.11nWhat the Analysts are SayingGlobal Availability of Spectrum Drives PricingBackward Compatible with 802.11nWider Channels mean Higher Data RatesOptional Client FeaturesMultiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)How Beamforming WorksIntroducing Multi-User MIMOStrategic QuestionStrategic RecommendationsStrategic RecommendationsStrategic RecommendationsThank You.802.11ac DemystifiedBYOD 802.11ac AdoptionWhy Smartphones and Tablets will Adopt 802.11acWhy Smartphones and Tablets will Adopt 802.11acMulti-User MIMOBeamformingBeamforming Benefits and ChallengesWider channels: 80MHz and 160MHz Higher Data Rates Require Better SNRDeploy 802.11n Today or Wait for 802.11ac?802.11ac Adoption TimelineImpact of 802.11ac on WLANDate:October 10, 2012Time: 10am PST / 1pm EST / 6:00pm GMTSpeakers:Robert CrispVP, Worldwide Systems EngineeringMeru NetworksCraig MathiasPrincipalFarpoint GroupSlide Number 35Slide Number 36