Breakout - Airheads Macau 2013 - 11ac Migration (7200)

CONFIDENTIAL

© Copyright 2013. Aruba Networks, Inc.

All rights reserved1 #airheadsconf#airheadsconf

11ac Migration

CONFIDENTIAL


All rights reserved2 #airheadsconf

Changing networks-Capacity & Bandwidth

More devices

• Average 3 devices per user

• Smartphone, tablets, laptops, ultrabooks

More applications per

device

• Average 40 apps per mobile device

• Estimates > 300 billion app downloads by 2016

More traffic

• HD mobile video, video telepresence, collaboration programs

• Tablet traffic ~ 3.4x greater than smartphone traffic

Shift in W-Fi Usage

• Pervasive, primary access

• Mission critical

• Multimedia –Voice, IPTV, older legacy media transport systems (i.e. cable TV)

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• Mix of personal and corporate applications

• Design for the highest bandwidth demand that you intend to support

• Multiply this number by the number of connections that you need to

support

What type of Apps are on your network ?

Personal Apps Throughput Requirements

FaceTime 400 Kbps

AirPlay Video 1 Mbps

Netflix 1.5 or 5 Mbps*

Pandora 150 Kbps

YouTube 500 Kbps

Skype 500 Kbps

HTTP 500 Kbps

Corporate Apps Throughput Requirements

Lync Desktop Sharing 1.5 Mbps

SIP Softphone 90 Kbps

Citrix Internet + Office 150 Kbps

Webex iPad Desktop Share

250 Kbps

WebEx High Quality Video

1.5 Mbps

GoToMeeting Desktop Share

500 Kbps

Desktop Backup 10 – 50 Mbps

Printing 1 Mbps

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Currently shipping 11ac Clients

11ac Clients– Samsung Galaxy S4 (1x1:1 11ac)

• 40 million units by late October (6 months)

– HTC One (1x1:1 11ac)• 5 million sold in first 45 days

– Moto X, Moto droid Ultra, etc.

– 2013 MacBook Air (2x2:2 11ac), iMacs and MacBook Pros

– Select Dell and Alienware laptops

– USB dongles (2x2:2 11ac)

• Look for USB 3.0

No significant impact on client battery life

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11ac Overview

11ac Overview

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802.11ac Technology Overview

Think of 11ac as an extension of 11n• 11n specification introduced:

• 2.4 and 5 GHz supported

• Wider channels (40 MHz)

• Better modulation (64-QAM 5/6)

• Additional streams (up to 4 streams)

• Beam forming (explicit and implicit)

• Backwards compatibility with 11a/b/g

• 11n Greenfield

• 11ac introduces• 5 GHz supported

• Wider channels (80 MHz and 160 MHz)

• Better modulation (256-QAM)

• Additional streams (up to 8)

• Beam forming (explicit)

• Backwards compatibility with 11a/b/g/n

• Refer to http://www.802-11.ac.net for in-depth information

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More Spatial Streams

Spec allows up to 8 spatial streams (4 max in 802.11n)– 8SS performance will only be possible where both devices have 8

antennas– Space, power and cost constraints will dictate the number of streams

supported by the client• Smart phones – 1 stream

• Tablets – 2 stream

• Laptops – 2 or 3 streams

– Speed of connection is decided by the device with the lowest number of streams.

Adding spatial streams increases throughput proportionally.

– Assuming multipath conditions are favorable: • Two streams offer double the throughput of a single stream

• Eight streams increase throughput eight-fold

CONFIDENTIAL



Wider Channels

80 MHz channel widths supported in first generation

– 80 MHz is 4.5x faster than 20 MHz

– 80 MHz is contiguous

– Per packet dynamic channel width decisions

Future releases will allow for 160 MHz channel widths

– 160 MHz can be either contiguous or in two non-contiguous 80 MHz slices

– 2x faster than 80 MHz

CONFIDENTIAL



802.11ac Channels (FCC)

Channel

Freq (MHz)

UNII I and UNII II

2x 80 MHz

4x 40 MHz

8x 20 MHz

Band

EdgeChannel

Freq (MHz) 5850

US UNII III

1x 80 MHz

2x 40 MHz

5x 20 MHz

Channel

Freq (MHz)

UNII II extended

3x 80 MHz

6x 40 MHz

12x 20 MHz

36 4844 5240 56 6460 Band

Edge

5180 5200 5220 5240 5260 5280 5300 5320 5350

Band

Edge

5150

149 161157153

5745 5765 5785 5805

Band

Edge

5725

165

5825

100 112108 116104 120 128124

5500 5520 5540 5560 5580 5600 5620 5640

Band

Edge

5470

136 140 Band

Edge

5680 5700 5725

132

5660

144

5720

Weather

Radar

CONFIDENTIAL



802.11ac Channels (ETSI)

Channel

Freq (MHz)

UNII I and UNII II

2x 80 MHz

4x 40 MHz

8x 20 MHz

Channel

Freq (MHz)

UNII II extended

2x 80 MHz

5x 40 MHz

11x 20 MHz

36 4844 5240 56 6460 Band

Edge

5180 5200 5220 5240 5260 5280 5300 5320 5350

Band

Edge

5150

100 112108 116104 120 128124

5500 5520 5540 5560 5580 5600 5620 5640

Band

Edge

5470

136 140 Band

Edge

5680 5700 5725

132

5660

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Channel Usage with two APs

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Coverage Example (-70dBm)

Maximum sustained rates using 3x3 11n AP or 3x3 11ac AP with 11n clients

360405

450

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Upgrade to 3x3 11ac AP with 11ac clients (40Mhz Channels)

360405

450

540

600

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Upgrade to 80MHz channels with 11ac clients

780878

975

1170

1300

585

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Relative Range 802.11ac Rates

Datarate40MHz 80MHz

MCS0 45 97.5MCS1 90 195MCS2 135 292.5MCS3 180 390MCS4 270 585MCS5 360 780MCS6 405 877.5MCS7 450 975MCS8 540 1,170MCS9 600 1,300

Signal level and relative range-dB r

MCS0 87 63MCS1 85 50MCS2 83 40MCS3 79 25MCS4 76 18MCS5 71 10MCS6 66 5.6MCS7 63 4.0MCS8 58 2.2MCS9 51 1.0

CONFIDENTIAL



11ac Beamforming: Notes

11ac beamforming is standards based– 11ac beamforming represents the consensus view of the 1000’s of

contributors to the standards process

11ac beamforming is implemented in baseband. – It works with all antenna subsystems

– The total number of beamforming combinations is effectively infinite

Works with clients that support 11ac beamformingfunction

– This is at a minimum all 11ac client devices using Broadcom chipsets

11ac actively tracks users so has a recent channel estimate between the AP and client that is updated frequently

16

CONFIDENTIAL



Channel state info: implicit and explicit beamforming

Implicit feedback for beamforming

(802.11n not 802.11ac)

1 (Beamformer) Send me a sounding

frame

2 (Beamformee) Here’s the sounding

frame

3 OK, I’ll pre-code assuming you hear me

like I heard you

Request for sounding

Sounding frames

Explicit feedback for beamforming

(802.11n and 802.11ac)

1 (Beamformer) Here’s a sounding frame

2 (Beamformee) Here’s how I heard the

sounding frame

3 Now I will pre-code to match how you

heard me

sounding frames

Beamformed frames

Sounding feedback

Implicit and explicit feedback for beamforming

Beamformer BeamformeeBeamformeeBeamformer

Beamformed framesActual

CSI

Implied

CSI

17

CONFIDENTIAL


All rights reserved19 #airheadsconf#airheadsconf19

Practical Application of 11ac

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• Don’t plan for the highest data rate everywhere

• Similar AP density to 11n capacity based

networks

• Consider client density and desired data rates

• a/b/g networks should be redesigned

• Existing processes/behavior should continue

• Recommend predictive planning with spot

checks

AP Placement

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AP Throughput > 1Gbps

“How fast can I go?”– Simple question with very complicated answer

– Depends on many factors• Device type

• Distance

• Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)

• Access Point configuration• Channel width

• Number of Spatial Streams

• Short/long guard intervals

• Link aggregation

– Your mileage WILL vary

CONFIDENTIAL



Max Data Rates per Client Type

Channel

bandwidth

Transmit – Receive

antennas

Typical client scenario Max individual link rate Max aggregate link

rate

40 MHz 3x3 PC 606 Mbps 606 Mbps

80 MHz 1x1 Smartphone 433 Mbps 433 Mbps

80 MHz 2x2 Tablet, PC 867 Mbps 867 Mbps

80 MHz 3x3 PC 1300 MBPS 1300 MBPS

160 MHz 1x1 Smartphone 867 Mbps 867 Mbps

160 MHz 2x2 Tablet, PC 1.73 Gbps 1.73 Gbps

160 MHz 4x Tx AP,

4 clients of 1x Rx

Multiple smartphones 867 Mbps per client 3.47 Gbps

160 MHz 8x Tx AP, 4 clients

with total of 8x Rx

Digital TV, set-top box,

tablet, PC, smartphone

867 Mbps to two 1x clients

1.73 Gbps to one 2x client

3.47 Gbps to one 4x client

6.93 Gbps

CONFIDENTIAL



Maximum datarates (in Mbps) for each channel width

802.11n 1SS

802.11n 2SS

802.11n 3SS

802.11ac 1SS

802.11ac 2SS

802.11ac 3SS

20 MHz 72.2 144.4 216.7 96.3 192.6 288.9

40 MHz 150 300 450 200 400 600

80 MHz N/A N/A N/A 433.3 866.7 1,300

CONFIDENTIAL



• Enterprise class 3x3 802.11ac

• Aggregate TCP platform throughput performance >1Gbps

• Two platform models:

– AP-224: external antennas (3x, dual band)

– AP-225: integrated antennas

– Advanced Cellular Coexistence (ACC) support

• Dual radio:

– 802.11n 3x3:3 HT40 2.4GHz (450Mbps), support for “TurboQAM”

– 802.11ac 3x3:3 HT80 5GHz (1.3Gbps)

• Wired interfaces

– Network: 2x 10/100/1000Base-T Ethernet, with MACSec support

– USB 2.0 host interface, console port, DC power

• Will require 802.3at PoE (or DC power) for full functional

operation

– Functional, but capabilities reduced when powered from 802.3af POE

• Enterprise temperature range, plenum rated, TPM

AP-224/225 802.11ac Campus Access Point

CONFIDENTIAL



Switch Recommendations

802.3af 802.3at

2.4 GHz radio 1x3:1 3x3:3

5 GHz radio 3x3:3 3x3:3

Ethernet ports 1 2

USB Disabled Enabled

• 1 gig uplinks from AP to switch

• 10 gig uplinks from the switch to the core

• 802.3at power for full performance

• Advanced filtering requires a little more power

• Significant out of band interference filtering requires a little more

power

• Most 2.4 ghz only devices are single stream

• Deploying a new building? Consider

• Dual cables or cat6a for future generations of wireless

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• Improved rate vs range

– Newer generation radios with better receive sensitivity

– Improved antenna design

– Better out of band interference mitigation

• Better performance at high client densities

– Faster CPU

– More Memory

Better 11n than 11n

CONFIDENTIAL



Rate vs Range: AP-225 vs AP135

AP-225 11n performance is considerably better than AP-135 -> up to 5.35x

AP-225 TCP down throughput @ 120ft 128Mbps

23%

23%

40%

5.35x

43% 39%

56%

3.32x

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Multi ClientTCP Bidirectional Throughput (Mbps)

2x2:2 MacBook Air laptops

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11ac Controller Support

Performance

Sc

ale

CAMPUS

LARGE OFFICE

320032 CAP/128 RAP

2K Users

3 Gbps Firewall

340064 CAP/256 RAP

4KUsers

4 Gbps Firewall

3600128CAP/512 RAP

8K Users

4 Gbps Firewall

7210512 CAP/512 RAP

16K Users

20 Gbps Firewall

M3512 CAP/1024 RAP

8K Users

20 Gbps Firewall

72201024 CAP/1024 RAP

24K Users

40 Gbps Firewall

72402048 CAP/2048 RAP

32K Users

40 Gbps Firewall

CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2013. Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved30 30

7200 Series Controller: Front and Rear Views

7200 Front View

7200 Rear View

Capacity • 7210/7220/7240

• 512/1024/2048 APs

• 16K/24K/32K users

Interfaces• 4x 10G SFP+

• 2x Dual personality ports

10/100/1000Base-T (RJ-45) or

1000Base-X (SFP)

Modular Components• Power Supply

• Fan Tray

• Expansion Slot

Management• Console RS-232 (RJ-45) or usb

• LCD Display

4x 10GBaseX

(SFP+) PortsExpansion Slot for DPI

LCD

Display

usb

Field-Replaceable

Fan Tray

Hot-Swappable, Load-Sharing,

Redundant Power Supplies

dual personality

ports (RJ-45 or SFP)

I/O, HA, MGMT

Console

RJ-45 or usb

Coverage for 6.5M sq ft, equivalent to the area of the Pentagon, the office space of 3 Empire State

Buildings or 60 Home Depots. Capacity to stream NetFlix for every student in a large university.

CONFIDENTIAL



• Oversubscription is part of every network that is

deployed.

• Real Customer Data

– Large Software company

• 20,000 APs

• 55,000 users

• Never exceeded 12 gbps combined throughput

– Medium Sized US University

• 4,000 APs

• 15,000 Students

• Never exceeded 6 gbps combined throughput

Oversubscription

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Client Health

• Client throughput compared to client

capabilities

• 11g client getting an effective 27 mbps

would be 50% healthy

• Combines data rates, retries, dropped

packets into one metric

• Calculated and updated every minute

CONFIDENTIAL



Wave 2 of 11ac

• What will wave 2 802.11ac deliver?

• MU-MIMO

• Use AP MIMO resources more effectively

• Transmit data to multiple 1x1 and 2x2 devices simultaneously

• 4x4:4SS

• Benefit of additional stream mostly for MU-MIMO

• Not anticipating any 4x4:4SS client devices

• No impact on max platform throughput

• VHT160? Most likely not

• Only 2 160MHz available in entire 5GHz band

• Not practical, but there could be competitive pressure

• When will it be available?

• Radio chipsets available late 2014

• Products in 2015

CONFIDENTIAL



802.11ad

• Targeted to clean up a cluttered desk or TV cabinet

• Likely not appropriate for traditional AP use. But can be interesting for

related applications like wireless docking, high-capacity WLAN hotspots,

AP backhaul/aggregation, etc.

• It is being investigated (but no product plans as of yet)

• Standard is available, certification program in place

• Wi-Fi Alliance WiGig Alliance

• 60GHz band, three channels in most countries (each 2.16GHz wide), each

providing up to 6.8Gbps PHY datarate

• No MIMO

• Challenges: Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) connections, range, penetrating

obstacles (and people)

CONFIDENTIAL



Thank You

CONFIDENTIAL



How do I get to the data rate for a given MCS?

Basic Symbol Rate– 312.5 KHz

– 3.2 s

Cyclic Extension– t/4 0.8 s

– t/8 0.4 s

Bits Per Tone– BPSK 1

– QPSK 2

– 16 QAM 4

– 64 QAM 6

– 256 QAM 8

36

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Sub-carriers

52 subcarriers (48 usable) for a 20 MHz non-HT

mode (legacy 802.11a/g) channel

fc +10MHz-10MHz

26 carriers 26 carriers

56 subcarriers (52 usable) for a 20 MHz HT

mode (802.11n) channel

fc +10MHz-10MHz


114 subcarriers (108 usable) for a 40 MHz HT mode (802.11n) channel

fc +10MHz-20MHz


+20MHz-10MHz

242 subcarriers (234 usable) for a 80 MHz VHT mode (802.11ac) channel

An 80+80MHz or 16MHz channel is exactly two 80MHz channels, for 484 subcarriers (468 usable)

fc +10MHz-20MHz


+20MHz-10MHz-40MHz -30MHz +30MHz +40MHz

OFDM subcarriers used in 802.11a, 802.11n and 802.11ac

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Raw Data Rates

#Tones * Bits per Tone * Symbol Rate– 16 QAM, 20 MHz

– 52 * 4 * 0.3125 = 65 Mbps

38

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Correct for Cyclic Extension

39

20 MHz t/4

BPSK 13 Mbps

QPSK 26 Mbps

16 QAM 52 Mbps

64 QAM 78 Mbps

256 QAM 104 Mbps

Corrected for cyclic extension

20 MHz t/8

BPSK 14.4 Mbps

QPSK 28.9 Mbps

16 QAM 57.8 Mbps

64 QAM 86.7 Mbps

256 QAM 115.6 Mbps

40 MHz t/4

BPSK 27 Mbps

QPSK 54 Mbps

16 QAM 108 Mbps

64 QAM 162 Mbps

256 QAM 216 Mbps

40 MHz t/8

BPSK 30 Mbps

QPSK 60 Mbps

16 QAM 120 Mbps

64 QAM 180 Mbps

256 QAM 240 Mbps

80 MHz t/4

BPSK 58.5 Mbps

QPSK 117 Mbps

16 QAM 234 Mbps

64 QAM 351 Mbps

256 QAM 468 Mbps

80 MHz t/8

BPSK 65 Mbps

QPSK 130 Mbps

16 QAM 260 Mbps

64 QAM 390 Mbps

256 QAM 520 Mbps

CONFIDENTIAL



Apply FEC Coding

40

CONFIDENTIAL



QAM constellations

Amplitude +1

Amplitude -1

Quadra

ture

-1

Quadra

ture

+1

Amplitude +1

Amplitude -1Q

uadra

ture

-1

Quadra

ture

+1

Amplitude +1

Amplitude -1

Quadra

ture

-1

Quadra

ture

+1

16-QAM constellation 64-QAM constellation 256-QAM constellation

Constellation diagrams for 16-, 64-, 256-QAM

CONFIDENTIAL


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Breakout - Airheads Macau 2013 - 11ac Migration (7200)