Membuat Proposal Penelitian yang Baik
Indrawati, Ph.D
Research Proposal
1. A working title. 2. Background of the study3. The problem statement:
a. The purpose of the study b. Research questions.
4. The scope of the study. 5. The relevance of the study. 6. The research design, offering details on:
a. Type of study – exploratory and descriptive b. Data collection methods c. The sampling design d. Data analysis.
7. Time frame of the study, including information on when the written report will be handed over to the sponsors. 8. The budget, detailing the costs with reference to specific items of expenditure. 9. Selected bibliography.
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1. A working title
1. Manageable and Controllable: knowledge, cost, time, and supervisor.
2. Obtainable Data: collecting data and availability of data.
3. Significant: academic and business practice
4. Interesting
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2. Background of the study
The Research Process
7. DATA COLLECTION, ANALYSIS,INTERPRETATION
8. DEDUCTIONHypothesis substantiated? Research question answered?
9. Report Writing
No
Yes
10. Report Presentation
11. Managerial Decision Making
1.OBSERVATIONBroad area of research interest identified
2. PRELIMINARY DATA GATHERINGInterviewingLiterature Survey
3. PROBLEM DEFINITIONResearch problem delineated
4. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKVariable clearly identified and labeled
5. GENERATION OF HYPOTHESIS
6. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH DESIGN
(Sekaran & Bougie, 2010)
IM Telkom
Indrawati, Ph.D.
Sumber: Hair, J.F., Bush, R.P., and Ortinau, D.J. (2009). Marketing Research in a Digital Information Environment. Fourth Edition. Boston :The McGraw-Hill Companies.
The Iceberg Principle
Indrawati, Ph.D.
Contoh Hasil Observasi dan Prelimary Data GatheringLayanan 3G (Indrawati, 2012)
(Campbell & Schwartz, 2001; Sauter, 2009; Smith & Collins, 2002; Skyline Marketing Group, 2000)
3G is the third generation of mobile communication system:
➢ transfers data faster; has higher bandwidth
➢ offers data rates up to 144 Kbps (fast-moving users), 384 Kbps
(slower moving/ pedestrian users), and 2 Mbps (fixed
locations).
➢ is designed to carry voice, video, and data simultaneously.
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Definition & Capability of 3G
Indrawati, Ph.D.
Targeted and Achieved Number of 3G MMS
Subscribers in Indonesia in 2008
Source: Noor, 2007a; Noor, 2007b; Noor, 2008a; Noor, 2008b; Noor, 2008c
Indrawati, Ph.D.
Total Mobile Subscribers and 3G MMS Subscribers
in Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Europe, and
Indonesia
Sources: International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 2008; Noor, 2007a;
Noor, 2007b; Noor, 2008a; Noor, 2008b; Noor, 2008c
Indrawati, Ph.D.
Country Percentage
Malaysia 18.3%
South Africa 10.7%
Indonesia < 10%
3G Subscribers as Percentage of Total Mobile Subscribers in
Malaysia, South Africa, and Indonesia in 2009
Source : Agrawal, 2009
Indrawati, Ph.D.
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Year Total
Population
(in millions)
3G MMS
Subscribers
(in millions)
3G MMS
Subscribers
as Percentage of
Total Mobile
Subscribers
3G MMS
Subscribers as
Percentage of
Total
Population
2008 225 7.5 8.2% 3%
2011 260 23 12% 9%
Comparison of 3G MMS Subscribers,
Total Mobile Subscribers &
Population of Indonesia
Source : India Infoline News Service, 2011; Kompas, 2008 ; Noor, 2008a; Noor,
2008b; Noor, 2008c ; Susilo & Adhi, 2011;
Indrawati, Ph.D.
Masih terbuka kesempatan yang besar untukmengembangkan jumlah pelanggan multi media3G.
Terkait dengan hal inilah maka penelitian tentangkecenderungan perilaku pelanggan untukmenggunakan multi media dengan menggunakanteknologi 3G perlu dilakukan.
Indrawati, Ph.D.
Contoh Hasil Observasi dan Prelimary Data Gathering LayananInstant Messenger Application (Indrawati et al, 2015 sd 2016)
Instant Messenger
Instant messenger is an Internet-based protocol application
that allows one-to-one communication between users
employing a variety of devices.
[Zheng & Rupp, 2005]
Instant messenger application users increase dramatically in
2013 which reach 115% compared with previous years
[Flurry Analytics, 2013]
Total messages sent through instant messenger successfully
get beyond total messages sent through SMS
[Farabi, 2013]
60% 63%
78%70% 70% 67%
Singapore Thailand Philippines Vietnam Indonesia SEA
Application Downloaded by Users
Frequency of Application Usage per day
66
4641 40
Malaysia Thailand Philippines Indonesia
Indrawati, Ph.D.
Contoh Hasil Observasi dan Prelimary Data GatheringIndeks untuk Mengukur Kesiapan Kota Pintar: Suatu Studi di Kota
Bandung (Indrawati et al, 2017 sd 2019)
Indonesian Painful Problems
Source: Frost & Sullivan, Telkom assessment & desk research 2014)
Research Background
Dimensi Smart City\
Penulis
Mah
izhn
an (1
999)
Giff
inge
r et a
l. (2
007)
Eger
(200
9)
Thuz
ar (2
011)
Nam
and
Par
do (2
011)
Barr
ionu
evo
et a
l. (2
012)
Kour
tit a
nd N
ijkam
p, 2
012
Chou
rabi
et a
l, 20
12
Fros
t & S
ulliv
an, 2
014
Farn
za M
osan
nenz
adeh
a et
al ,
2014
Governance v v v v v v v
Citizen v v v v v v v v v v
Healthcare v
Energy v
Mobility v v v
Technology v v v v
Infrastructure v v v v v
Building v v
economy v v v v v v v v
natural v v v v v
Indrawati, Ph.D.
Contoh Hasil Observasi dan Prelimary Data GatheringMachine Learning dan Blockchain (Indrawati et al, 2020 sd 2023)
Prediksi Perilaku Pembelian Impulsif Pelanggan denganMenggunakan Teknik Machine Learning Big Data
Penggunaan Teknologi Blockchain untuk Pelacakan Makanan Halal
(Blockchain Technology for Tracing Halal Food)
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https://www.google.com/search?q=Digital+Customer+Behaviour&rlz=1C2AVFC_enID854ID854&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=k8GT8406tfk58M%253A%252Cj17vkKRFHVPY2M%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kTO0CNetdoTQVpFDqfUkVdeK15xJA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz-Yfkj7zjAhU_6nMBHXgRAkUQ9QEwBnoECAYQCg#imgrc=4x5-twBl4x9_0M:&vet=1
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The Leadership Companies
Rev. $ 260 B (2019)Rev. $ 266 B (2018)
$ 280 B (2019)$233 B (2018)
$ 160.7 B (2019)$ 136 B (2018)
Val. $ 9.6 B Val. $ 7.2 BVal. $ 2.8 B
Val. $ 1 BVal. $ 1.9 B
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Using the 4.0 technology (Case Machine learning) to look for
what consumers’ expression: happy, sad, angry etc. which
important for marketing decision making.
Shifts the value proposition from products to ongoing, data-
driven services.
Offers personalized product/service in the right time, place,
quality, amount, and price.
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How to utilize Blockchain?
People more willing to pay higher prices for products they can trust.
A Company can create a premium product that ultimately increases incomes.
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Bluekorinjihttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMskZ7gsMKI
After scanning a barcode in the Indonesian Blue Korintji Coffee chain, paying customers can identify the farmer who grew their coffee, the company that roasts the beans, and even the logistics involved.
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3. The problem statement: a. The purpose of the study b. Research questions
Problem Statements
PR0DI:MM
a. Website offers higher value or more benefits than other media
b. It has been implemented in ABC University
c. However, the website has not been addressed yet, whether it is already widely adopted by stakeholders.
d. The adoption factors that affect the behavioural intention of stakeholders toward using website has not been well understood yet.
Nine Models of Customers’ adoption
1) Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) (Fishbein, 1967; Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975).
2) Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) (Ajzen,1985).
3) Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis,1986).
4) Combined TAM-TPB (C-TAM-TPB) (Taylor & Todd, 1995)
5) Motivational Model (MM) (Davis et al., 1992)
6) Model of Personal Computer Utilization (MPCU) (Thompson et al, 1991)
7) Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) (Roger, 1962; Moore & Benbasat, 1991).
8) Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) (Bandura, 1986; Compeau & Higgins, 1995)
9) Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) (Venkatesh et. al., 2003).
1. A review and consolidation of the constructs from the eight
earlier models
2. Explains about 70% of the variance in the behavioural
intention of consumers to use IT.
3. Has highest explanatory power; the other eight models can
only explain between 17–53%
(Al-Qeisi, 2009; Armida, 2008; Cameron, 2006; Moran, 2006; Niehaves & Plattfaut, 2010;
Venkatesh et al., 2003; Wu et al., 2008).
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Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use
of Technology (UTAUT)
Original UTAUT Model
Behavioral Intention to use
EffortExpectancy
FacilitatingConditions
Actual System Use
SocialInfluence
PerformanceExpectancy
Gender Age ExperienceVoluntariness of Use
Source: Venkatesh et al. (2003)
Research Question
Based on the modified UTAUT model, which factors affect the behavioral intention of students, lecturers, and
administrators toward using website?
Research Question
1. Seberapa besar penilaian responden terhadap PE, EE,SI, FC dari ABC website?
2. Seberapa besar BI konsumen untuk menggunakan ABCwebsite?
3. Seberapa besar UB konsumen akan ABC Website?
4. Apakah PE, EE, SI dan FC berpengaruh terhadap BI danUB konsumen akan ABC Website?
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4. The scope of the study.
Penelitian Smart cityPenelitian ini akan menemukan indikator dan variabelyang tepat untuk mengukur tingkat kecerdasan Kota Bandung, namun hasil yang diperoleh diharapkan juga dapat diimplementasikan di kota lain yang memilikikarakteristik yang hampir sama.
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5. The relevance of the study.
Penelitian Smart city
Menemukan indikator dan variabel yang tepatuntuk mengukur tingkat kecerdasan suatu kotapenting, agar dapat memahami seberapaberhasil kota tersebut mencapai tujuan menjadikota cerdas.
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6. The research design, offering details on:
a. Type of study – exploratory, descriptive, relationship b. Data collection methods c. The sampling design d. Data analysis.
Setiap pertanyaan penelitian harus tergambarcara menjawabnya.
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7. Time frame of the study, including information on when the written report will be handed over to the sponsors.
Pikirkan dengan matang agar yang dijanjikandapat terpenuhi.
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8. The budget, detailing the costs with reference to specific items of expenditure.
Sesuaikan dengan kegiatan yang akandilakukan dalam penelitian dengan harga yang wajar.
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9. Selected bibliography
Tunjukkan bahwa pembuat proposal sudah membacamateri yang relevan, berkualitas, lengkap sampaidengan yang terkini.
Tunjukkan karya yang relevan yang pernah dibuat.
Indrawati, Ph.DAssociate ProfessorGraduate School of ManagementTelkom University IndonesiaPhone: +62 81321922742Email: [email protected]
[email protected]: indrawati02.wordpress.com