MALL TRENDSBy: Cameron Lance, Denny Burns, and Dominic Raguz
• We will observe people going into three different stores– Pac sun– Hollister– GameStop
• We will go to two different malls at two different times– Montgomery Mall– Willow Grove Mall
TOPIC
• We wanted to see if certain stores appealed to specific genders
• Testing to see if stereotypes were true about certain stores– Hollister would have more females– GameStop would have more males– Pac Sun would be a neutral store
What We Wanted To Research
• We wanted to see if males or females are more likely to purchase goods in a store-We want to find out the overall trend between genders as to who buys more when they enter a store
• We think that females are more likely to buy something as opposed to males
What We Wanted To Research
• We wanted to see which store is the most popular out of the three observed– See which store has more people going in and out
of it
• Between the three, we think that Pac Sun will have the most people because they are advertised as a neutral store, appealing to males and females
What We Wanted To Research
• We are conducting an observational study to collect our data– We will sit at a distance from each store for ninety
minutes– One person at each store for a ninety minute
interval, making observations of gender, whether they purchase something, and how many people visit the store
– We are counting everybody that walks in except for babies and anybody that doesn’t have a choice
Procedure
• After the ninety minute observational period, we went to the other mall
• We changed the store we observed to make sure the results were consistent
• Next day did the same thing at each mall, but at different times
Procedure
MONTGOMERY MALL - GAMESTOP
Buy
No Buy
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
FemalesMales
Number of Buyers
28
39
9
12
WILLOW GROVE MALL-GAMESTOP
Buy
No-Buy
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
FemalesMales
Number Of Buyers
3312
5127
Males (Buy)
Males (Didn't Buy)
Females (Buy)
Females (Didn’t Buy)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
CONCLUSION - GameStop
MONTGOMERY MALL - HOLLISTER
Buy
No Buy
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
FemalesMales
Number of Buyers
59
28
35
16
WILLOW GROVE MALL-HOLLISTER
Buy
No-Buy
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
FemalesMales
Number Of Buyers
114
39
1738
CONCLUSION - HOLLISTER
Males (Buy)
Males (Didn't Buy)
Females (Buy)
Females (Didn’t Buy)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
MONTGOMERY MALL - PACSUN
Buy
No Buy
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
FemalesMales
Number of Buyers
37
41
32
25
WILLOW GROVE MALL-PACSUN
Buy
No-Buy
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
FemalesMales
Number of Buyers
87
2324
84
Males (Buy)
Males (Didn't Buy)
Females (Buy)
Females (Didn’t Buy)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
CONCLUSION – Pac Sun
Chi-Square Test of Association – Pac Sun
ASSUMPTIONS
1. 2 SRS
2. All expected counts > 5
CHECKS
1. Was not an SRS, we counted everyone; but we did the test anyways
2. HYPOTHESES
HO: There is NO association between the gender of someone who buys a product at Pac Sun (independent of one another)
HA: There IS AN association between the gender of someone who buys a product at Pac Sun
∑Chi-Square Test of AssociationX2 = (observed – expected)2
expected
X2 = (48 – 53.587)2
53.87 X2 = 1.647
P(X2 > 1.647 df = 1) = .1993
CONCLUSIONWe fail to reject Ho because a p-value of .1993 > α = .05. We have sufficient evidence that there is no association between the gender of someone who buys a product at Pac Sun.
∑ + (128-122.41) 2
122.41
…
Chi-Square Test of Association – Hollister
ASSUMPTIONS
1. 2 SRS
2. All expected counts > 5
CHECKS
1. Was not an SRS, we counted everyone; but we did the test anyways
2. HYPOTHESES
HO: There is NO association between the gender of someone who buys a product at Hollister (independent of one another)
HA: There IS AN association between the gender of someone who buys a product at Hollister
∑Chi-Square Test of AssociationX2 = (observed – expected)2
expected
X2 = (33 – 30.233)2
30.233 X2 = 1.647
P(X2 > .511 df = 1) = .474
CONCLUSIONWe fail to reject Ho because a p-value of .474 > α = .05. We have sufficient evidence that there is no association between which gender buys something at Hollister.
∑ + (67-69.767) 2
69.767
…
Chi-Square Test of Association – GameStop
ASSUMPTIONS
1. 2 SRS
2. All expected counts > 5
CHECKS
1. Was not an SRS, we counted everyone; but we did the test anyways
2. HYPOTHESES
HO: There is NO an association between the gender of someone buying an item at GameStop (independent of one another)
HA: There IS AN association between the gender of someone buying an item at GameStop
∑Chi-Square Test of AssociationX2 = (observed – expected)2
expected
X2 = (35 –34.826)2
34.826 X2 = .003
P(X2 > .003 df = 1) = .954
CONCLUSIONWe fail to reject Ho because a p-value of .954 > α = .05. We have sufficient evidence that there is no association between the gender of a person who buys something at GameStop.
∑ + (90-90.174) 2
90.174
…
• Assumptions Checks1. SRS 1.assumed2. Normal population 2.n ≥ 30 Or N≥303. Population ≥ 10n 3. 10n ≤
Population
One Proportion Z-Test-Pac Sun
One Proportion Z-Test-Pac Sun
Ho: p=0.5Ha: p≠0.5
Z= = -0.317 npppp)1(
ˆ
2*P(z<-0.317)= .751We fail to reject Ho because p-value of 0.751 > α=0.05
We have sufficient evidence that the true percent of males is equal to 50%
• Assumptions Checks1. SRS 1.assumed2. Normal population 2.n ≥ 30 Or N≥303. Population ≥ 10n 3. 10n ≤
Population
One Proportion Z-Test-Hollister
One Proportion Z-Test-Hollister
Ho: p=0.5Ha: p<0.5
Z= =-7.764npppp)1(
ˆ
P(z<-7.764)=8.3*10^-15We reject Ho because p-value of 8.3*10^-15 < α=0.5We have sufficient evidence that the true percent of males who go to Hollister is less than 50%
• Assumptions Checks1. SRS 1.assumed2. Normal population 2.n ≥ 30 Or N≥303. Population ≥ 10n 3. 10n ≤
Population
One Proportion Z-Test-GameStop
One Proportion Z-Test-GameStop
Ho: p=0.5Ha: p>0.5
Z= =3.456 npppp)1(
ˆ
P(z>3.456)=.0003We reject Ho because p-value of .0003 > α=0.5We have sufficient evidence that the true percent of males who go to GameStop is greater than 50%
• GameStop– We found that at the mall more males go into
GameStop than females– However, if a females goes in, she is more likely to buy
something • Hollister – We found that at the mall more females go into
Hollister than males– However, if a male goes in, he is more likely to buy
something
Overall Conclusions
• Pac Sun– We found that at the mall Pac Sun is a neutral
store with about the same number of males and females going in
Overall Conclusions
• Stores having a sale could lead to more people walking in or buying things
• We only went to two different malls at times that suited us
• If we missed people walking in or if someone went in twice during the time we observed
• We could of missed someone if they were in a group of people that walked out and we miscounted
Bias and Error
• Our conclusions were what we thought would happen– GameStop is male dominated– Hollister is female dominated– Pac Sun is neutral
• We loved doing stat outside of school!!!!!• It was a lot of waiting around and taking data but we
found ways to entertain ourselves • It was rewarding to get all our results after our hard
work
Personal Opinions and Conclusions