MALL TRENDSBy: Cameron Lance, Denny Burns, and Dominic Raguz

• We will observe people going into three different stores– Pac sun– Hollister– GameStop

• We will go to two different malls at two different times– Montgomery Mall– Willow Grove Mall

TOPIC

• We wanted to see if certain stores appealed to specific genders

• Testing to see if stereotypes were true about certain stores– Hollister would have more females– GameStop would have more males– Pac Sun would be a neutral store

What We Wanted To Research

• We wanted to see if males or females are more likely to purchase goods in a store-We want to find out the overall trend between genders as to who buys more when they enter a store

• We think that females are more likely to buy something as opposed to males

What We Wanted To Research

• We wanted to see which store is the most popular out of the three observed– See which store has more people going in and out

of it

• Between the three, we think that Pac Sun will have the most people because they are advertised as a neutral store, appealing to males and females

What We Wanted To Research

• We are conducting an observational study to collect our data– We will sit at a distance from each store for ninety

minutes– One person at each store for a ninety minute

interval, making observations of gender, whether they purchase something, and how many people visit the store

– We are counting everybody that walks in except for babies and anybody that doesn’t have a choice

Procedure

• After the ninety minute observational period, we went to the other mall

• We changed the store we observed to make sure the results were consistent

• Next day did the same thing at each mall, but at different times

Procedure

MONTGOMERY MALL - GAMESTOP

Buy

No Buy

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

FemalesMales

Number of Buyers

28

39

9

12

WILLOW GROVE MALL-GAMESTOP

Buy

No-Buy

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

FemalesMales

Number Of Buyers

3312

5127

Males (Buy)

Males (Didn't Buy)

Females (Buy)

Females (Didn’t Buy)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

CONCLUSION - GameStop

MONTGOMERY MALL - HOLLISTER

Buy

No Buy

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

FemalesMales

Number of Buyers

59

28

35

16

WILLOW GROVE MALL-HOLLISTER

Buy

No-Buy

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

FemalesMales

Number Of Buyers

114

39

1738

CONCLUSION - HOLLISTER

Males (Buy)

Males (Didn't Buy)

Females (Buy)

Females (Didn’t Buy)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

MONTGOMERY MALL - PACSUN

Buy

No Buy

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

FemalesMales

Number of Buyers

37

41

32

25

WILLOW GROVE MALL-PACSUN

Buy

No-Buy

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

FemalesMales

Number of Buyers

87

2324

84

Males (Buy)

Males (Didn't Buy)

Females (Buy)

Females (Didn’t Buy)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

CONCLUSION – Pac Sun

Chi-Square Test of Association – Pac Sun

ASSUMPTIONS

1. 2 SRS

2. All expected counts > 5

CHECKS

1. Was not an SRS, we counted everyone; but we did the test anyways

2. HYPOTHESES

HO: There is NO association between the gender of someone who buys a product at Pac Sun (independent of one another)

HA: There IS AN association between the gender of someone who buys a product at Pac Sun

∑Chi-Square Test of AssociationX2 = (observed – expected)2

expected

X2 = (48 – 53.587)2

53.87 X2 = 1.647

P(X2 > 1.647 df = 1) = .1993

CONCLUSIONWe fail to reject Ho because a p-value of .1993 > α = .05. We have sufficient evidence that there is no association between the gender of someone who buys a product at Pac Sun.

∑ + (128-122.41) 2

122.41

…

Chi-Square Test of Association – Hollister

ASSUMPTIONS

1. 2 SRS

2. All expected counts > 5

CHECKS

1. Was not an SRS, we counted everyone; but we did the test anyways

2. HYPOTHESES

HO: There is NO association between the gender of someone who buys a product at Hollister (independent of one another)

HA: There IS AN association between the gender of someone who buys a product at Hollister

∑Chi-Square Test of AssociationX2 = (observed – expected)2

expected

X2 = (33 – 30.233)2

30.233 X2 = 1.647

P(X2 > .511 df = 1) = .474

CONCLUSIONWe fail to reject Ho because a p-value of .474 > α = .05. We have sufficient evidence that there is no association between which gender buys something at Hollister.

∑ + (67-69.767) 2

69.767

…

Chi-Square Test of Association – GameStop

ASSUMPTIONS

1. 2 SRS

2. All expected counts > 5

CHECKS

1. Was not an SRS, we counted everyone; but we did the test anyways

2. HYPOTHESES

HO: There is NO an association between the gender of someone buying an item at GameStop (independent of one another)

HA: There IS AN association between the gender of someone buying an item at GameStop

∑Chi-Square Test of AssociationX2 = (observed – expected)2

expected

X2 = (35 –34.826)2

34.826 X2 = .003

P(X2 > .003 df = 1) = .954

CONCLUSIONWe fail to reject Ho because a p-value of .954 > α = .05. We have sufficient evidence that there is no association between the gender of a person who buys something at GameStop.

∑ + (90-90.174) 2

90.174

…

• Assumptions Checks1. SRS 1.assumed2. Normal population 2.n ≥ 30 Or N≥303. Population ≥ 10n 3. 10n ≤

Population

One Proportion Z-Test-Pac Sun

One Proportion Z-Test-Pac Sun

Ho: p=0.5Ha: p≠0.5

Z= = -0.317 npppp)1(

ˆ

2*P(z<-0.317)= .751We fail to reject Ho because p-value of 0.751 > α=0.05

We have sufficient evidence that the true percent of males is equal to 50%

• Assumptions Checks1. SRS 1.assumed2. Normal population 2.n ≥ 30 Or N≥303. Population ≥ 10n 3. 10n ≤

Population

One Proportion Z-Test-Hollister

One Proportion Z-Test-Hollister

Ho: p=0.5Ha: p<0.5

Z= =-7.764npppp)1(

ˆ

P(z<-7.764)=8.3*10^-15We reject Ho because p-value of 8.3*10^-15 < α=0.5We have sufficient evidence that the true percent of males who go to Hollister is less than 50%

• Assumptions Checks1. SRS 1.assumed2. Normal population 2.n ≥ 30 Or N≥303. Population ≥ 10n 3. 10n ≤

Population

One Proportion Z-Test-GameStop

One Proportion Z-Test-GameStop

Ho: p=0.5Ha: p>0.5

Z= =3.456 npppp)1(

ˆ

P(z>3.456)=.0003We reject Ho because p-value of .0003 > α=0.5We have sufficient evidence that the true percent of males who go to GameStop is greater than 50%

• GameStop– We found that at the mall more males go into

GameStop than females– However, if a females goes in, she is more likely to buy

something • Hollister – We found that at the mall more females go into

Hollister than males– However, if a male goes in, he is more likely to buy

something

Overall Conclusions

• Pac Sun– We found that at the mall Pac Sun is a neutral

store with about the same number of males and females going in

Overall Conclusions

• Stores having a sale could lead to more people walking in or buying things

• We only went to two different malls at times that suited us

• If we missed people walking in or if someone went in twice during the time we observed

• We could of missed someone if they were in a group of people that walked out and we miscounted

Bias and Error

• Our conclusions were what we thought would happen– GameStop is male dominated– Hollister is female dominated– Pac Sun is neutral

• We loved doing stat outside of school!!!!!• It was a lot of waiting around and taking data but we

found ways to entertain ourselves • It was rewarding to get all our results after our hard

work

Personal Opinions and Conclusions