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ManagementManagementDevelopmentDevelopment
and Trainingand Training
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Overview ofOverview of
ProcurementProcurement
Training &Training &
DevelopmentDevelopmentCompensationCompensation
IntegrationIntegration
MaintenanceMaintenance
SeparationSeparation
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TRAINING (UnitTRAINING (
Unit
1) 1)
DefinitionDefinition
FeaturesFeatures
NeedNeed
ObjectivesObjectives
BenefitsBenefits
TypesTypes
MethodsMethods
ComponentsComponents
Responsible forResponsible forTrainingTraining
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Knowledge (K)Knowledge (K)
Skills (S)Skills (S)
Attitude (A)Attitude (A)
Combination of KSAs (Competencies)Combination of KSAs (Competencies)
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TRAININGTRAININGIt is a learning process that involves theIt is a learning process that involves the acquisition of knowledgeacquisition of knowledge
sharpening of skillssharpening of skills
changes of attitude or behaviorchanges of attitude or behavior
to enhance the performance of employees.to enhance the performance of employees.
Training is about knowing where you standTraining is about knowing where you stand
( no matter how good or bad the current( no matter how good or bad the current
situation looks) at present, and wheresituation looks) at present, and where
you will be after some point of time.you will be after some point of time.
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As we live & work in the world of knowledgeAs we live & work in the world of knowledge
& skills, every human activity need up-to-& skills, every human activity need up-to-date knowledge & required skills to performdate knowledge & required skills to perform
it.it.
A successful training programme improvesA successful training programme improves
the performance of an employee which inthe performance of an employee which in
turn enhances organizational performanceturn enhances organizational performance
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DefinitionDefinition Training is an organized procedure byTraining is an organized procedure by
which people learn knowledge and skillswhich people learn knowledge and skillsfor a definite purpose.for a definite purpose.
Dale S BeachDale S Beach
Training is a process which enables theTraining is a process which enables the
trainees to achieve the goals andtrainees to achieve the goals andobjectives of their organizations.objectives of their organizations.
Chowdhry D.PChowdhry D.P
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Features ofFeatures of
TrainingTraining Increases knowledge and skills for doingIncreases knowledge and skills for doinga job.a job.
Bridges the gap between job needs andBridges the gap between job needs and
employee skills.employee skills.
Short term activity designed essentiallyShort term activity designed essentially
for operatives.for operatives.
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When does demandWhen does demand
of training increaseof training increaseEnhancement of technology due toEnhancement of technology due to
change in taste of consumerchange in taste of consumer
Change in nature of jobChange in nature of job
Change in method of product developmentChange in method of product development
Growth of organizationGrowth of organization
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OtherOther
reasonsreasons Installation of new equipmentInstallation of new equipmentA change in working method or productsA change in working method or products
A realization that performance is inadequateA realization that performance is inadequate
A desire to reduce the amount of scrap & toA desire to reduce the amount of scrap & to
improve qualityimprove quality
An increase in number of accidentsAn increase in number of accidents
Promotion or transfer of employeePromotion or transfer of employee
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Need of TrainingNeed of Training To unfold the skills hidden inTo unfold the skills hidden in
the employees and providethe employees and provide
them with new skills requiredthem with new skills required
for discharging their functionsfor discharging their functions
more effectively and efficiently.more effectively and efficiently.
Training need =Trainingneed =Standard performance ActualStandard performance Actual
performanceperformance
h
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WhyWhy
Training.???Training.???1.1. No one is perfect fit at the time of hiring &No one is perfect fit at the time of hiring &some training must take place.some training must take place.2. Planned training programme will return2. Planned training programme will return
values to the organization in terms of:values to the organization in terms of:Increased productivityIncreased productivity
Reduced costReduced cost
MoraleMorale
3. Helps them achieve better co-operation3. Helps them achieve better co-operation
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4.4. Reduce SupervisionReduce Supervision
5. Reduces wastages & spoilage5. Reduces wastages & spoilage
6. Improve quality6. Improve quality
7.7.Difference between efficient andDifference between efficient andinefficient employeesinefficient employees
T f
T f
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Types ofTypes of
TrainingTrainingTYPES
Orientation
Training
Refresher
Training
Apprenticeship
Training
Vestibule
Training
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Orientation/InductioOrientation/Inductio
n trainingn training Induction is the process of receiving &Induction is the process of receiving &welcoming an employee when he first join awelcoming an employee when he first join a
company & giving him the basic information hecompany & giving him the basic information he
needs to settle down quickly & start work.needs to settle down quickly & start work.ArmstrongArmstrong
It is a process by which a new employee is fullyIt is a process by which a new employee is fully
introduced to the practices, policies, purpose ofintroduced to the practices, policies, purpose of
the organizationthe organization
B i P fB i P
f
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Basic Purpose ofBasic Purpose of
InductionInductionIs to communicate specificIs to communicate specific job requirement to the job requirement to the
employee, put him at easeemployee, put him at ease& make him feel confident& make him feel confident
about his abilities.about his abilities.
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ObjectivesObjectives
1. Remove fears1. Remove fears
2. Create a good impression2. Create a good impression
3. Acts as a valuable source3. Acts as a valuable source
of informationof information
S f d i
St f I d ti
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Steps of InductionSteps of Induction
trainingtraining1. Welcome to the organization1. Welcome to the organization
2. Explain about the company2. Explain about the company
3. Show the location/department where the3. Show the location/department where the
new recruit will work.new recruit will work.
Items to be covered inItems to be covered in
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Items to be covered inItems to be covered inan effective Inductionan effective Induction
ProgrammeProgrammeIntroduction to the company/departmentIntroduction to the company/departmentLayout of the buildings (factory/offices)Layout of the buildings (factory/offices)
Terms & conditions of employment (explainTerms & conditions of employment (explainthe contract of employment)the contract of employment)
Relevant personnel policiesRelevant personnel policies
Business rules & proceduresBusiness rules & procedures
Arrangement for employee involvement &Arrangement for employee involvement &communicationcommunication
Welfare & employee benefits or facilitiesWelfare & employee benefits or facilities
A ti hiApp
renticeship
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ApprenticeshipApprenticeship
TrainingTraining In this training, trainees spend aIn this training, trainees spend aprescribed amount of time workingprescribed amount of time workingwith an experienced guide, coach orwith an experienced guide, coach or
trainer.trainer.oror
The trainees work under the directThe trainees work under the direct
supervision of experts.supervision of experts. The trainer provide actual workThe trainer provide actual work
experience to trainee, impartingexperience to trainee, impartingknowledge & skills while working.knowledge & skills while working.
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THE PRINCIPLE OFTHE PRINCIPLE OF
THIS TRAINING ISTHIS TRAINING ISLEARNING BYLEARNING BY
DOINGDOING
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Refresher TrainingRefresher Training
Rapid changes in technology mayRapid changes in technology mayforce companies to go in for thisforce companies to go in for thiskind of trainingkind of training
Company may keep its employeesCompany may keep its employeesup-to-date & ready to take onup-to-date & ready to take onemerging challenges.emerging challenges.
Due to technologicalDue to technologicaladvancement, the need ofadvancement, the need of
updating their skills increases toupdating their skills increases tocompete with organizationscompete with organizations..
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Vestibule trainingVestibule trainingThis training involves the creation of aThis training involves the creation of aseparate training centre within the plantseparate training centre within the plantitself for the purpose of providingitself for the purpose of providingtraining to the new employees.training to the new employees.
This method provides opportunity for theThis method provides opportunity for thenew employee to concentrate on thenew employee to concentrate on the
working of the machine, rather, onworking of the machine, rather, onproduction.production.
Components ofComp
onents of
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Components ofComponents of
trainingtrainingComponents of training includes:Components of training includes:
ALL THAT MAKE-UP AALL THAT MAKE-UP ATRAINING PROGRAMME.TRAINING PROGRAMME.
Important components are-Important components are-
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Components
DifferentMethods
Of training
Venue&
the durationof training
TrainingMaterial
Trained&
ProfessionalTrainer
WillingTrainee
Training
Policy
Top MngtSupport
Methods ofMethods of
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Methods ofMethods of
TrainingTrainingMethods
CognitiveTraining
BehavioralTraining
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Cognitive methodCognitive method
1.1.Lecture MethodLecture Method
2.2.DemonstrationDemonstration3.3.DiscussionsDiscussions
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Lecture MethodLecture Method
It is one of the oldest method of training.It is one of the oldest method of training.
Lecture is given to enhance the knowledge ofLecture is given to enhance the knowledge of
listener or to give him the theoretical aspectlistener or to give him the theoretical aspectof a topic.of a topic.
Lecture method is used to createLecture method is used to create
understanding of a topic or to influenceunderstanding of a topic or to influencebehavior, attitude through lecture.behavior, attitude through lecture.
The printed or videoThe printed or video
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The printed or videoThe printed or video
lecture is morelecture is more
effective because theyeffective because they
can be studied in morecan be studied in moredepth & retained todepth & retained to
refresh learning overrefresh learning overtimetime
Making LectureMaking
Lecture
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Making LectureMaking Lecture
Method effectiveMethod effective
WordPad
Document
1.1. L.M can be improved byL.M can be improved by
encouraging the audienceencouraging the audienceto take note.to take note.
2.2.The review & regularThe review & regularsummarizing heighten thesummarizing heighten the
effectiveness of L.M.effectiveness of L.M.
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DemonstrationDemonstrationA demonstration is a visual display ofA demonstration is a visual display of
how to do something or howhow to do something or how
something works.something works.
To be effective demonstration shouldTo be effective demonstration should
be accompanied by a lecture &be accompanied by a lecture &preferably by a discussionpreferably by a discussion
o ow ng steps ncreaseso ow ng
s eps ncreases
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o ow ng steps ncreaseso ow ng s eps ncreasesthe value of thethe value of the
demonstrationdemonstration1.1.Ask the trainee to talk through theAsk the trainee to talk through the
task before actually doing it.task before actually doing it.
2. Give the trainee the opportunity to2. Give the trainee the opportunity todo the task & describe what he isdo the task & describe what he isdoing & why.doing & why.
3. Provide feedback3. Provide feedback4. Let the learner practice4. Let the learner practice
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DiscussionsDiscussionsDiscussion method provides a two way flow ofDiscussion method provides a two way flow of
communication, knowledge is communicatedcommunication, knowledge is communicatedfrom the trainer to trainees & understandingfrom the trainer to trainees & understandingis conveyed by trainees back to the trainer.is conveyed by trainees back to the trainer.
Discussion help in developing conceptualDiscussion help in developing conceptualknowledge, reducing dogmatism & modifyingknowledge, reducing dogmatism & modifyingattitudes.attitudes.
Discussion allow the trainee to be activelyDiscussion allow the trainee to be activelyengaged in the content of the lectureengaged in the content of the lecture
BehavioralBehavioral
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BehavioralBehavioral
MethodMethod1.1.Role PlayRole Play
2.2.Case StudyCase Study3.3.In Basket TechniqueIn Basket Technique
4.4.Business GamesBusiness Games
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Role PlayRole Play
- Role play can be defined as a method ofRole play can be defined as a method of
human interaction that involves realistichuman interaction that involves realistic
behavior in imaginary situation.behavior in imaginary situation.
- Role play are sometime called skillRole play are sometime called skill
practices, bcoz it provides trainees withpractices, bcoz it provides trainees with
the opportunity to apply new skills inthe opportunity to apply new skills insafe environment.safe environment.
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Role play helps in..Role play helps in..
1.1. Developing interpersonalDeveloping interpersonal
skills & communicationskills & communication
skillsskills
2.2. Conflict resolutionConflict resolution
3.3. Group Decision makingGroup Decision making
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Types of Role PlayTypes of Role Play
Role Play
Structured
Role Play
Single
Role Play
Multiple
Role Play
Role
Rotation
dC S d
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Case StudyCase Study
Case Study is an indepthCase Study is an indepthdescription of a particular situationdescription of a particular situationan employee might encounter onan employee might encounter on
the job.the job.
The objective of case study is toThe objective of case study is to
get trainees to apply knownget trainees to apply knownconcepts(declarative knowledge)concepts(declarative knowledge)& principles to discover new ones& principles to discover new ones
Procedure of CaseProcedure of Case
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Procedure of CaseProcedure of Case
StudyStudy
1.1. The trainee is given with some written material, &The trainee is given with some written material, &some complex situations of a real or imaginarysome complex situations of a real or imaginaryorganization.organization.
2.2.A series of questions usually appears at the endA series of questions usually appears at the end
of case study.of case study.3.3. The longer case study provide enough of theThe longer case study provide enough of the
information to be examined while shorter onesinformation to be examined while shorter onesrequire the trainee to explore & conduct researchrequire the trainee to explore & conduct researchto gather appropriate amount of information.to gather appropriate amount of information.
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4.4. The trainee then makes certain judgmentThe trainee then makes certain judgmentand opinion about the case by identifying &and opinion about the case by identifying &
giving possible solution to the problem.giving possible solution to the problem.5. In between the trainees are given time to5. In between the trainees are given time to
digest the information. If there is enoughdigest the information. If there is enoughtime left, they are also allowed to collecttime left, they are also allowed to collect
relevant information that supports theirrelevant information that supports theirsolution.solution.
6. Once the individuals reach the solution of a6. Once the individuals reach the solution of aproblem, they meet in small group to discussproblem, they meet in small group to discuss
the options, solution generated.the options, solution generated.7. Then, the trainee meets the trainer, who7. Then, the trainee meets the trainer, who
further discuss the case.further discuss the case.
Case Study focusesCase Study
focuses
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Case Study focusesCase Studyfocuses
onon....Building decision making skillsBuilding decision making skills
Assessing & developing KSAsAssessing & developing KSAs
Developing communication &Developing communication &interpersonal skillsinterpersonal skills
Developing management skillsDeveloping management skills
Developing Procedural & strategicDeveloping Procedural & strategicknowledge.knowledge.
In BasketIn Basket
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In BasketIn Basket
TechniquesTechniquesIn this method where the traineeIn this method where the trainee
is required to examine ais required to examine a
basketful of papers & filesbasketful of papers & filesrelating to his areas & makerelating to his areas & make
recommendations on problemrecommendations on problem
contained therein.contained therein.
B i GB i G
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Business GamesBusiness Games
In this method, trainees are provided withIn this method, trainees are provided with
information describing a situation & are asked toinformation describing a situation & are asked to
make decision about what to do.make decision about what to do.
The system then provides feedback about theThe system then provides feedback about the
impact of their decisions & they are asked toimpact of their decisions & they are asked to
make another decision.make another decision.
It emphasizes a functional linkage betweenIt emphasizes a functional linkage between
theory & practice.theory & practice.
Business Games aims toBusiness Games aims toh th t ih th t i
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enhance the traineesenhance the trainees
understanding of:understanding of:
Typical organizational problemTypical organizational problem
The problem of working in aThe problem of working in ateamteam
The problem of organizationalThe problem of organizational
policy & decision makingpolicy & decision making
Job Instruction
Job Instruction
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Job InstructionJ
TechniqueTechniqueIt uses behavioral strategy with aIt uses behavioral strategy with a
focus on skill development, butfocus on skill development, but
some factual & proceduralsome factual & procedural
knowledge objectives are usuallyknowledge objectives are usuallyinvolved as well.involved as well.
Responsible for
Responsible for
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pp
TrainingTrainingTop ManagementTop Management Frames the training Frames the trainingpolicypolicy
HR DeptHR Dept. - plans, establishes and evaluates. - plans, establishes and evaluates
SupervisorsSupervisors implement and apply implement and applydevelopment proceduredevelopment procedure
EmployeesEmployees provide feedback and provide feedback andsuggestionssuggestions
Purpose of trainingPurp
ose of training
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p gp g
programmeprogramme1.1. Improving employee performanceImproving employee performance--
AsAs it bridges the gap between the actual andit bridges the gap between the actual andexpected performance of the employees.expected performance of the employees.
2. Updating employee skills-to2. Updating employee skills-to adopt anyadopt anytechnological advances.technological advances.
3 Retaining and motivating employees3 Retaining and motivating employees
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3. Retaining and motivating employees3. Retaining and motivating employees
4. Creating an efficient and effective4. Creating an efficient and effectiveorganizationorganization
5. It helps organization to absorb changes5. It helps organization to absorb changes
taking place in the environment and reducetaking place in the environment and reduceresistance to change.resistance to change.
6 Training increases the productivity and6 Training increases the productivity and
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6. Training increases the productivity and6. Training increases the productivity and
level of performance of employees.level of performance of employees.
7. It aims to improve the quality of task.7. It aims to improve the quality of task.
8. To train employees in a particular8. To train employees in a particular
culture of the company.culture of the company.
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVES
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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES To train the employees in the companiesTo train the employees in the companiescultureculture
To initiate personnel growth andTo initiate personnel growth and
developmentdevelopment
To prepare employees for higher level tasksTo prepare employees for higher level tasks
To ensure smooth and efficient working of aTo ensure smooth and efficient working of adepartmentdepartment
BENEFITSBENEFITS
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BENEFITSBENEFITS
To the individuals To the organization
To the organizationTo the org
anization
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To the organizationTo the organization
Helps create a better corporate imageHelps create a better corporate image
Profit orientationProfit orientation
Aids in increasing productivity and/or Aids in increasing productivity and/or
quality of workquality of work
Improves labour-management relationsImproves labour-management relations
To the individualsTo the individuals
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To the individualsTo the individualsIncreases job satisfactionIncreases job satisfaction
Helps eliminate fear in attemptingHelps eliminate fear in attempting
new tasksnew tasks
Helps a person develop speakingHelps a person develop speaking
and learning skills; also writing skillsand learning skills; also writing skills
Helps the individuals in makingHelps the individuals in making
better decisions and effectivebetter decisions and effective
problem solvingproblem solving
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