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Introduction to ecosystem
Habitat- the place where a plant, animal ormicroorganism lives
Community-all the plants, animals andmicroorganisms that live in a habitat
Environment-the surroundings of a livingthing. It includes all living things, rocks, soil
and weather conditions Abiotic factors- factors due to the nonliving
part of an environment eg: air, water rocksand soil
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Ecosystem
Biotic factors- factors of an environment dueto living things such as producers, consumers
Ecosystem- the community of living thingsand the abiotic factors found in a particularplace such as forest or a pond
Bio diversity- a term used to describe thenumber and variety of species in anecosystem
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Herbivore –an animal that only eats plants
Carnivore-an animal that only eats other
animals Omnivore- an animal that eats both plants
and animals
Predator- an animal that feeds or preys onanother animal
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Trophic levels
Producers[ autotrophs]- they are typically plants
or algae. They make their own food throughphotosynthesis. they are also called as a primaryproducers
Consumer- an animal that eats plants , other
animals or both Primary consumer- an animal that eats
plants[this may be herbivore or an omnivore]
Secondary consumer –an animal that eatsprimary consumers[this may be a carnivore or anomnivore]
Tertiary consumer
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Tropic levels
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Food chain
Food chain-a description[often a diagram]of theway some organisms in a habitat are linked toeach other through feeding. A food chain begins
with a producer and is followed by one or moreconsumers
Eg: food chain in the ocean
Algae larvae of crustaceans smaller fish
Bigger fish seals killer whale
The trophic level of an organism is the positionit occupies in a food chain
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Food web-a description of how a number of foodchains in a habitat are linked together to showhow food and energy pass through the habitat.Eg: panda eats bamboo shoots and also eats fishso that means there are two f food chains i.e.bamboo panda
water plants snails fish panda
Ecology- it is the scientific study of the biotic andabiotic factors of an ecosystem and theirrelationship.
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Different types of relations
among organism This relationship are useful for ensuring food
and space for living.
These relations are two types
Positive interaction-mutualism andcommensalism
Negative interaction- predation, parasitism
and competition
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Positive interaction
Mutualism Commensalism
Two organisms are
benefited Butterfly and
flowering plants
One is benefited
and the other isneither benefitednor harmed
Vanda and mangotree
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Positive interaction
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Positive interaction
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Positive interaction
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Negative interaction
predation-one is benefited and the other is
harmed
eg: Eagle and chicken parasitism-one is benefited and the other is
harmed
eg: mango tree and loranthuscompetition- both organisms suffer at first.
but the organism which wins is benefited
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Predation
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competition