Introduction to Ecosystem

8/11/2019 Introduction to Ecosystem

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Introduction to ecosystem

Habitat- the place where a plant, animal ormicroorganism lives

Community-all the plants, animals andmicroorganisms that live in a habitat

Environment-the surroundings of a livingthing. It includes all living things, rocks, soil

and weather conditions Abiotic factors- factors due to the nonliving

part of an environment eg: air, water rocksand soil



Ecosystem

Biotic factors- factors of an environment dueto living things such as producers, consumers

Ecosystem- the community of living thingsand the abiotic factors found in a particularplace such as forest or a pond

Bio diversity- a term used to describe thenumber and variety of species in anecosystem



Herbivore –an animal that only eats plants

Carnivore-an animal that only eats other

animals Omnivore- an animal that eats both plants

and animals

Predator- an animal that feeds or preys onanother animal



Trophic levels

Producers[ autotrophs]- they are typically plants

or algae. They make their own food throughphotosynthesis. they are also called as a primaryproducers

Consumer- an animal that eats plants , other

animals or both Primary consumer- an animal that eats

plants[this may be herbivore or an omnivore]

Secondary consumer –an animal that eatsprimary consumers[this may be a carnivore or anomnivore]

Tertiary consumer



Tropic levels







Food chain

Food chain-a description[often a diagram]of theway some organisms in a habitat are linked toeach other through feeding. A food chain begins

with a producer and is followed by one or moreconsumers

Eg: food chain in the ocean

Algae larvae of crustaceans smaller fish

Bigger fish seals killer whale

The trophic level of an organism is the positionit occupies in a food chain



Food web-a description of how a number of foodchains in a habitat are linked together to showhow food and energy pass through the habitat.Eg: panda eats bamboo shoots and also eats fishso that means there are two f food chains i.e.bamboo panda

water plants snails fish panda

Ecology- it is the scientific study of the biotic andabiotic factors of an ecosystem and theirrelationship.



Different types of relations

among organism This relationship are useful for ensuring food

and space for living.

These relations are two types

Positive interaction-mutualism andcommensalism

Negative interaction- predation, parasitism

and competition



Positive interaction

Mutualism Commensalism

Two organisms are

benefited Butterfly and

flowering plants

One is benefited

and the other isneither benefitednor harmed

Vanda and mangotree












Negative interaction

predation-one is benefited and the other is

harmed

eg: Eagle and chicken parasitism-one is benefited and the other is

harmed

eg: mango tree and loranthuscompetition- both organisms suffer at first.

but the organism which wins is benefited





Predation



competition

Documents

Introduction to Ecosystem