Introduction to the Linux ecosystem - Thibauld Favre

8/14/2019 Introduction to the Linux ecosystem - Thibauld Favre

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Ubuntu Linux Training

Copyright Thibauld Favre [email protected]

www.allmyapps.com

March 15, 2007
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Today's Training Overview

This morning : Theory

Introduction to the Free & Open Source Software World

Linux Distributions Explained

The Hardware Support Challenge

This afternoon : Hands on!

Ubuntu Installation

Package Management

Ubuntu Usage

Conclusion

Objective of the day :

Optimize your knowledge of Ubuntu Software Desktop & Server


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Introduction to theFree & Open Source Software World


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Some History

All began with a printer...

Richard Stallman, American

Launches the GNU Project in 1984

Linux, child of the Internet

Linus Torvalds, Finnish

First Linux kernel released as he was a student in 1991


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Achievements

IT accessible and affordable for everyone

Fosters innovation

Proprietary software players are bound to innovate

good-enough isn't acceptable anymore from a proprietary software vendor

New business models emerge, more customer friendly (service oriented)

Open Source

Software-as-a-Service


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Threats

Software patents

Fear, Uncertainty & Doubt (FUD)

Already in America, Japan

Tough battle in Europe to fight softwarepatents

Content control

Digital Right Management (DRM)

Protecting Intellectual Property (IP)

DMCA

Digital Millennium Copyright Act

Dissuasion strategy


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Linux Distributions Explained


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The Free & Open Source Software Galaxy

kernel

GNU Tools

SendmailX11

KDEMySQL

OpenOffice.org

Nautilus

Amarok

F-spot

Gnome

1991

1995

2000

2005

Time


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Applications Organization & Dependencies

X.org

v7.1

Gnu tools

Kernel

v2.6.17

Apache

v1.3.35

MySQL

v5.0

JAVA

v1.5

PHP

v5

Jboss

v4.0.5

J2EE

App

Sugar CRM

v1.2

Qtv3.4

Gnome

v2.16

Other toolkitsGTKv1.2

F-spot

Firefoxv2.0.1

Kde

v3.5

Scribus

v1.2.4

Amarok

v1.4

OpenOffice.org

v2.1


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What is a repository ?

v2.6.17

v4

v3.5

v5

Time

v2.6.18

v2.6.16

v2.1

v2.16

v1.4

v0.17

v5

v5.0.1

v1.2

v1.1

v1.2

v0.18

v2.15

v1.5

Which applications to include?

Which version of each application to include?

A Linux distribution repository

i.e. Edgy

A repository is a coherent and stabilized set of selected applications


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Ubuntu repositories (i.e. Edgy)

main

universe

multiverse

restricted

commercial

custom

Key FOSS applications

maintained by Canonical employees

i.e. Kernel, KDE, Gnome...

FOSS Applications

maintained by the Ubuntu community

i.e. TinyERP, Wine...

Non-free applications

maintained by the Ubuntu community

i.e. Extra multimedia codecs, Microsoft fonts, Acrobat Reader, Java...

Free applications but with limitedcopyright


i.e. Nvidia & ATI video drivers...

Commercial applications


i.e. Opera, Realplayer...

Custom applications

maintained by ??

May be dangerous to use


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Ubuntu Server & [Ubuntu | Kubuntu] Desktop

Ubuntu Server

Ubuntu Desktop

Kubuntu Desktop


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A repository lifecycle

v2.6.17

v4v3.5

v5

Time

v2.6.18

v2.1v2.16

v1.4v0.17

v5

v5.0.1

v1.2v1.1

v1.2

v0.18

v1.5

Edgy repository

v1.2.1

v2.6.18.1

v1.5.1

v1.3

Time

backport

bugfix

security


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Debian Linux release mechanism

Time

Free & Open Source software Debian Unstable Debian Testing Debian Stable releases

Sarge

Woody

Potato

Released 6th, june 2005

Released 19th, july 2002

Released 14th, july 2000


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Ubuntu Linux release mechanism

Debian Testing Debian Stable releases

Sarge

Woody

Potato

6th, june 2005

19th, july 2002

14th, july 2000

4.10 - Warty

20th, october 20045.04 - Hoary

8th, april 2005

5.10 - Breezy

13th, october 2005

6.06 - Dapper

1st, june 2006

6.10 - Edgy

26th, october 2006

Ubuntu Stable releases

sync

sync

sync

sync

sync


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Core 6

Debian

stable

Linux Distributions release overview

FOSS

Time

Woody

Sarge

Breezy

Dapper

Edgy

Debian

unstable

Debian

testing

Ubuntu

stable

Fedora

OpenSuse

Core 3

Core 4

Core 5

RHEL 5

RHEL 4

10.0

10.1

10.2

SLE 10


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Linux distributions quick comparison

Novell / Suse

Free & OpenSource Software

Ubuntu

Red Hat

Main specificity : YAST

Main specificity : Free

Main specificity : Leader


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Windows platform development comparison

Windows XP

Time

Adobe IntelMicrosoft Macromedia SymantecISV

ISV

ISVISV

ISVISV

ISVISV

ISVISV


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Challenge : Mixing proprietary & free software

FOSS

?

?

??

?? ? ?

? ? ? ?? ? ?

??

??

??


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The Hardware Support Challenge


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The Kernel

HW DHW CHW BHW A

MA

CHINE

KERNEL

A

PPLICATIONS

Module A Module B Module C Module D

Appli A Appli B Appli C Appli D


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A political issue

Linus [..] explained that while the user-visible Linux ABI tries to remain

static, the internal ABI is not at all. When it was pointed out that a

stable internal ABI would help binary-only module authors, he added :

"It's not going to happen. I am _totally_ uninterested in a stable ABI for

kernel modules, and in fact I'm actively against even _trying_. I want

people to be very much aware of the fact that kernel internals do

change, and that this will continue."Kerneltrap 9th, december 2003


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What it means

HW DHW CHW BHW A

MA

CHINE

KERNEL

APPLICATIONS

Module A Module B Module C


HW DHW CHW BHW A

Module A Module B Module C Module D


MACH

INE

KERNEL

APPLICATIONS

2.6.18 2.6.19upgrade


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The Hardware Compatibility Challenge

Vanilla Kernel

development

Hardware

Vendor

Stable Linux

Distribution kernel

Hardware A

Hardware B

v2.6.20

v2.6.19

v2.6.18

v2.6.17

Driver A

Driver B

Hardware Compatibility

A B

Breezy

Dapper


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Kernel lifecycle : 3 strategies

Bugfixing (corrective maintenance)Pros: Safest and easiest way to proceed

Cons: No new drivers are included, so the distribution quicklybecomes hardware obsolete

Who: Ubuntu, Mandriva

Upgrading (evolutive maintenance)Pros: New drivers get included, the distribution is always hardwareup-to-date

Cons: Put the system stability at risk, new bugs can find their way in

Who: Gentoo, Fedora

Backporting

Pros: The distribution stays up-to-date whithout sacrificing the systemstability

Cons: Requires heavy exponential work

Who: Red Hat, Novell


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Who we are?2 former entrepreneurs

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Introduction to the Linux ecosystem - Thibauld Favre