Impact of SEP conflicts on ICT innovation in Europe 1
Impact of SEP conflicts on ICT innovation in EuropeEuropean Commission: Joint Research Center, Sevilla27 October 2014
Dr. Ir. Serge RAESETSI IPR Special Committee Vice-Chair
ITU IPR Ad Hoc Group Chair, Rapporteur on Patent issues
Orangev.1.2, 26 October 2014
2 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptx
Overview of declared SEP[Interplay between Standards and IPR, Prof. Knut Blind, April 2011]
Standard Patent family
Total patent
s
Standard Patent family
Total patent
s
Standard Patent family
Total patent
s
ETSI-UMTS 1605 2864 ETSI-GERAN 26 44 ETSI-HSPA+ 11 12ETSI-GSM 756 1333 IEEE 802.3 Ethernet 26 35 ETSI-MMB 11 16
ETSI-LTE 562 866 ETSI-GMR 23 31 ETSI-Speech Recognition 11 15
OMA (all) 266 408 IEC 65C Industrial networks
23 24 ITU-T G.991.1(HDSL) 11 20
IETF (all) 197 271 JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1 23 27 J 144 Objective video quality for CATV
11 11
IEEE 802.16 (WiMax)
105 165 ITU-H.262 MPEG-2 Video
20 25 IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover
10 20
IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) 98 136 ETSI-BRAN 19 31 ITU G 729 speech Coding at 8 kbit/s (for VoIP)
10 12
ETSI-SAE 87 92 ETSI-DECT 18 20 ITU JPEG XR image coding system (T JXR-2; T JXR-5)
10 16
JTC RFID 78 143 IEEE 802.1 series 17 32 ITU V.90 modem 56 kbps 9 11ITU other G series 52 69 ITU G 723.1 voice codec 17 19 ITU G.992.3 (ADSL2) 8 12
ETSI-DBV 51 92 ITU G.993.2 (VDSL2) 16 20 IEEE 1149.4 Mixed-Signal Test Bus
7 15
JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 MPEG
45 68 JTC 1/SC 29 15 17 IEEE 802.3af PoE 7 15
IEEE 1363 Public Key Cryptography
43 52 ITU G.VBR-EV 14 14 ITU H.222.0 MPEG-2/System
7 10
ITU H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
43 86 BroadBand Forum 13 36 IEEE 1647 e-Functional Verification Language
6 10
ETSI-TETRA 40 53 ETSI-GMPRS 13 21 J 161 Audio/Video codec CATV
5 11
IEEE 1394 Firewire 30 46 ETSI-UICC 13 28 ETSI-DTS 4 10JTC 1/SC 25 30 36 ISO TC 23/SC 19 12 14 ETSI-ERM 3 11
ETSI-eCall 2 10
Prepared by Serge RAES
Impact of SEP conflicts on ICT innovation in Europe 2
3 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptx
Case study: LTE declared Essential Patents[http://ipr.etsi.org/DynamicReportingResult.aspx, 15/03/2013]
ETSI Projects Standards CompaniesPatentOffices
PatentHolders
PatentFamilies
DeclarationsIPR
Disclosures
9 3714 88 95 8973 5897 609 11348
3GPP 2632 85 95 7639 4636 565 9312
3GPP-EUTRAN 366 13 39 1035 855 49 934
3GPP-Release-10 683 30 53 1520 969 112 1415
3GPP-Release-12 46 2 22 94 75 7 70
3GPP-Release-8 793 28 52 1408 826 85 922
3GPP-Release-9 337 21 52 764 331 73 361
3GPP-SA 541 39 72 1888 1033 217 2477
LTE 96 2 21 50 13 2 89
LTE/EPS Release 9 14 1 8 7 2 1 3
Prepared by Serge RAES
3GPP accounts for 45% of ETSI Members declarations and 60% of STD
4 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptx
LTE declared Essential Patents Holders (>13 SEP)
[http://ipr.etsi.org/DynamicReportingResult.aspx, 15/03/2013]
Interdigital NEC Innovative Sonic Deutsche Telekom
Qualcomm Nortel Networks Philips Sony
LG Electronics France Telecom Nokia Siemens Networks TDF
Samsung Huawei ToshibaGeneral Dynamics Broadband
Nokia NTT DoCoMo Mitsubishi Electric BenQ
Motorola Texas Instruments Coding Technologies IPR Licensing
Siemens Sharp Pantech Infineon
Apple ETRI ASUSTek Computer Airbiquity
BlackBerry HTC Panasonic KPN
Ericsson Alcatel-Lucent BT Group Sun Microsystems
1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40
Prepared by Serge RAES
36 declarants in 2011 < 88 in 2013 < 104 in 2014
Impact of SEP conflicts on ICT innovation in Europe 3
5 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptx
SEP licensing practices
Direct licensing 1:N
– N licenses (no reciprocal license required)
Cross-licensing N:N
– ½ x N x (N-1) = ½ x (N2 - N) licenses required
Collective licensing M:N
– Joint License Agreement M:N
– N licenses required
– Patent Pool 1:N
– N licenses required from Patent Pool comprising M Licensors
36 companies ≤ 630; 88 companies ≤ 3828 licenses; 104 companies ≤ 5356 licenses
Orange
6 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptx
Litigation cases by technology area [Table 4.3]http://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/4843/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdf
Category Technology area SEP LitigatedSEP
%
1 Tele Telecommunications via public networks 4284 244 5.7
2 LAN LAN/PAN/BAN networks, wired and wireless 236 32 13.6
3 IT Information Technology and Internet 534 23 4.3
4 AV Audio/video, coding and compression, home systems and entertainment, broadcasting
221 32 14.5
5 Secu Security, ID, biometrics, crypto 182 21 11.5
6 Trans Transport, logistics, aerospace, intelligent transport systems
3 0 0.0
7 Energ Energy generation, distribution and storage, fuel cells, power electronics
6 0 0.0
8 Ind Industrial equipment, manufacturing, production 41 2 4.9
9 MTS Measurement, testing, safety standards,language standards
22 1 4.5
Total 5529 355 (6.4)Prepared by Serge RAES
Impact of SEP conflicts on ICT innovation in Europe 4
7 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptx
Smartphone Competitor Patent Suits (01/2012)
Prepared by Serge RAES
8 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptx
Smartphone US litigation between competitors 2001-2013Source = Smart Phone Litigation and Standard Essential Patents, Table 1, Kirti Gupta and Mark Snyder, May 2014, with permission
Firm Cases as Plaintiff
Cases as Defendant
Unique patents asserted
Apple 20 27 71Audiovox 1 2Curitel 0 0 0Ericsson 7 0 45Google 1 0HTC 5 15 19Huawei 0 4 0Interdigital 12 3 18Kyocera 1 3 3LG 0 3 0
Firm Cases as Plaintiff
Cases as Defendant
Unique patents asserted
Microsoft 3 11 23Motorola 26 11 62Nokia 19 6 73Pantech 0 1 0BlackBerry 3 7 9HTC (S3) 3 1 10Samsung 6 15 54Sanyo 0 1 0Sony 3 0 15ZTE 0 1 0
Prepared by Serge RAES
Only 111/2746 disputes where SEP/FRAND is cited
Impact of SEP conflicts on ICT innovation in Europe 5
9 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptxPrepared by Serge RAES
10 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptx
Contributions to 3GPP standardization: Detailed results for years 2012-2013
from manufacturers and operators perspective
Prepared by Serge RAES
Impact of SEP conflicts on ICT innovation in Europe 6
11 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptx
Orange in 3GPP
This analysis takes into account all industry contributions independently of their status from the following 3GPP working groups in which Orange is involved:
Orange has 31 regular delegates at 3GPP.
Orange leadership in 3GPP
SA4 Codecs Vice-Chair : Stéphane Ragot (OLPS/ COMSERV/ SVQ/ TPS)SA4 Video Codecs Sub-Working Group (SWG) Chair : Gilles Teniou (OLPS/ TV/ DTV/ CVA)SA5 Network Management SWG Vice-chair : Jean-Michel Cornily (OLN/ CNC/ NCS/ SID)
CT4 Vice-chair : Lionel Morand (OLN/ CNC/ NCA/ A2M)CT4 Diameter SWG Chair : Lionel Morand
Orange leadership in 3GPP
SA4 Codecs Vice-Chair : Stéphane Ragot (OLPS/ COMSERV/ SVQ/ TPS)SA4 Video Codecs Sub-Working Group (SWG) Chair : Gilles Teniou (OLPS/ TV/ DTV/ CVA)SA5 Network Management SWG Vice-chair : Jean-Michel Cornily (OLN/ CNC/ NCS/ SID)
CT4 Vice-chair : Lionel Morand (OLN/ CNC/ NCA/ A2M)CT4 Diameter SWG Chair : Lionel Morand
SA1Services/Requirements
SA2Architecture
SA3Security
SA4Codecs
SA5Network Management
CT1MM/CC/SM
CT3Interworking
CT4MAP/GTP/BCH/SS/CAM
ELCT6
Smart Card Application
RAN1Radio Layer 1
RAN2Radio Layer 2 & 3 RRR
RAN3Lub, lur, lu & O&M
RAN4Performance
RAN5Terminal Conformance
Testing
SASystem Aspects
CTCore Network &
Terminals
RANRadio Access Network
Prepared by Serge RAES
12 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptx
Are taken into accountthe contributions fromthe following significantcontributors*:
Operators (29)AT&T
Bouygues Telecom
BT Group
CableLabs
China Mobile
China Telecommunications
China Unicom
Deutsche Telekom
KDDI
KPN
KT Corp.
LG Uplus
NTT Docomo
Orange
Rogers Communications
SFR
SK Telecom
Softbank
Sprint
Swisscom
Telecom Italia
Telefonica
Telenor
TeliaSonera
Telus
T-Mobile
US Cellular
Verizon
Vodafone
Manufacturers (40)Acision UK Ltd
Acme Packet
Alcatel-Lucent
Apple
ATR
Broadcom Corporation
Cisco Systems
Comverse Network Systems
Ericsson Inc.
ETRI
Fraunhofer IIS
Fujitsu
Gemalto
General Dynamics Broadband
Giesecke & Devrient GmbH
Hitachi Ltd.
HTC Corporation
Huawei
Intel
Juniper Networks
LG Electronics Inc.
Microsoft
Mitsubishi
Morpho Cards
Motorola
NEC Corporation
Nokia Siemens Networks
Oberthur
Oracle Corporation
Panasonic Corporation
Qualcomm Incorporated
Research in Motion
Rohde & Schwarz
Samsung
SHARP Corporation
Sony
Technicolor
Texas Instruments
Toshiba
ZTE
* Total of 69 contributors on 394 participants at 3GPP (18%) representing the most representative and active actors in standardisation.
Industry representatives
Prepared by Serge RAES
Impact of SEP conflicts on ICT innovation in Europe 7
13 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptx
Manufacturers contributions in 2012
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
3GPP contributions match market positions in the Industry for various business lines: Ericsson is leading contribution (as infrastructure vendor) ahead of Huawei, NSN & ALUQualcomm is leading contribution, as chipset makerGemalto is leading contributions, as SIM card vendor (ahead of Oberthur, Morpho…)Samsung is leading contributions, as device maker Apple contributes in a limited way (#10 contributions)
Prepared by Serge RAES
14 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptx
Manufacturers contributions in 2013 (January to September)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Prepared by Serge RAES
Impact of SEP conflicts on ICT innovation in Europe 8
15 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptx
Operators contributions in 2012
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
NTT DoCoMo is leading operator contributions Orange is ranking #2 followed by two other European players (Deutsche Telekom & Vodafone)Then, Verizon, AT&T are leading American operator contributions
Prepared by Serge RAES
16 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptx
Operators contributions in 2013 (January to September)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Compared to 2012 (as to date):Deutsche Telekom has decreased its number of contributions: from rank#3 to rank#6
Prepared by Serge RAES
Impact of SEP conflicts on ICT innovation in Europe 9
17 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptx
Companies contributions by working groups in 2012-2013
Prepared by Serge RAES
18 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptx
Contributions and delegates mapping towards working groups, per company
EricssonEricsson HuaweiHuawei
Nokia SiemensNokia Siemens Alcatel LucentAlcatel Lucent
111 delegates in total 106 delegates in total
57 delegates in total 53 delegates in total
20
57
34
SA11%
SA29%
SA32% SA4
4%
SA56%
CT113%
CT38%
CT46%
RAN18%
RAN212%
RAN34%
RAN423%
RAN54%
SA14%
SA210%
SA32% SA4
2%
SA55%
CT19%
CT37%
CT48%
RAN110%RAN2
11%
RAN38%
RAN420%
RAN54% 39
18
49
SA12%
SA29%
SA35%
SA514%
CT16%
CT34%CT4
9%
RAN113%
RAN217%
RAN311%
RAN410%
9
16
32
SA13%
SA211%
SA32% SA4
1%
SA58%
CT112%
CT34%CT4
11%
RAN111%
RAN212%
RAN314%
RAN411% 12
27
14
Prepared by Serge RAES
Impact of SEP conflicts on ICT innovation in Europe 10
19 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptx
QualcommQualcomm SamsungSamsung
LGLG
72 delegates in total 62 delegates in total
48 delegates in total AppleApple 8 delegates in total
Contributions and delegates mapping towards working groups, per company
SA16%
SA25% SA3
1%
SA416%
CT15%
CT64%
RAN117%
RAN220%
RAN33%
RAN416%
RAN57%
SA11%
SA210%
SA33%
SA48%
CT18%
CT61%
RAN123%
RAN227%
RAN311%
RAN45%
RAN53%
SA11% SA2
17%
CT15%
CT61%
RAN133%
RAN226%
RAN36%
RAN411%
SA440%
RAN140%
RAN420%
4
7
37
7
18
47
5
16
41
5
3
Prepared by Serge RAES
20 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptx
NTT DoCoMo
NTT DoCoMo
OrangeOrange
Deutsche TelekomDeutsche Telekom
VodafoneVodafone
58 delegates in total 31 delegates in total
22 delegates in total 19 delegates in total
Contributions and delegates mapping towards working groups, per company
SA15%
SA211%
SA43%
CT120%
CT310%CT4
2%RAN110%
RAN212%
RAN418%
RAN59%
SA17%
SA222%
SA412%
SA57%
CT110%
CT316%
CT49%
CT63%
RAN24%
RAN43%
SA18%
SA211%
SA32%
SA46%
SA56%
CT121%
CT322%
CT48%
RAN214%
SA113%
SA221%
SA39%
SA44%
CT117%
CT62%
RAN14%
RAN212%
RAN35%
RAN412%
15
14
29
9
14
8
9
8
5
5
86
Prepared by Serge RAES
Impact of SEP conflicts on ICT innovation in Europe 11
21 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptx
VerizonVerizon AT&TAT&T
China TelecomChina Telecom KDDIKDDI
9 delegates in total 23 delegates in total
18 delegates in total 15 delegates in total
Contributions and delegates mapping towards working groups, per company SA1
3%
SA219%
SA35%
SA420%
CT121%
CT33%
CT415%
RAN28%
RAN52%
SA110%
SA223%
SA33%
SA44%CT1
10%
CT310%CT4
6%
CT63%
RAN14%
RAN26%
RAN37%
RAN414%
SA18%
SA229%
CT48%
SA121%
SA215%
CT15%
RAN117%
RAN27%
RAN421%
RAN514%
2
3
4
4
712
4
68
1
68
Prepared by Serge RAES
22 Standardization and Intellectual Property Impact_SEP_Conflicts_on_Innovation_20141027.pptx
Additional open questions for further study
1. Study of SEP litigation to identify :
– Parties, nature of dispute, Juge decision
– More Hold-up or Reverse hold-up ?
2. Does SEP licensing require more regulation ?
3. Does non-SEP licensing require more regulation ?
4. What are the circumstances that exacerbate litigation withSEP ?
5. Impact analysis (prediction) of potential changes to SDO IPR Policy :
Are the preventive/curative remedies better or worse than the potential disease and for whom ?
A sound diagnosis is required in order to avoidunintentional impact on innovation in Europe
Prepared by Serge RAES
Impact of SEP conflicts on ICT innovation in Europe 12
Thank You
Dr. Ir. Serge RAESIntellectual Property & Standardization Senior Manager
38-40 rue du Général LeclercF-92794 Issy Les Moulineaux CEDEX 9
Tel: +33 1 4529 [email protected]