verifica dell’accessibilità nei siti di telefonia mobile
Tim, Vodafone e Wind
Il Web per tutti:
Relatore: Prof. Marco Porta
Correlatore: Prof. Lidia Falomo
Tesi di
Eleonora Cernuschi
Università degli studi di Pavia
Laurea Specialistica Interfacoltà inEditoria e Comunicazione Multimediale (ECM)
Accessibility: a definition “The art of ensuring that, to as large an extent as possible, facilities
(such as, for example, Web access) are available to people whether or not they have
impairments of one sort or another”
Tim Berners Lee
“ Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can use the Web.
More specifically, Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can perceive,
understand, navigate, and interact with the Web, and that they can contribute to the
Web”
W3C
DisabilitySource:“La disabilità in Italia - Il quadro della statistica ufficiale”
(Istat 2009)
In Italy, in the years 2004-2005, people with disabilities were about 2,800,000 (5,1% of the whole population)
Rest of popu-lationPeople with disabili-ties
Accessibility: beneficiaries People with permanent disability (visual, auditive, motor, cognitive,
neurological impairments)
But not only…
Elderly people
Temporary invalids
People with low literacy or not fluent in the language
People with (Internet) low-bandwidth or using obsolete technologies
New and infrequent Web users
From WCAG 1.0 to 2.0WCAG 1.0 WCAG 2.0 2 principles:
Ensuring graceful transformation Making content understandable
and navigable
14 guidelines
Checkpoints Priority 1 (must) Level
A Priority 2 (might) Level
AA Priority 3 (may) Level
AAA
4 principles: Perceivable Operable Understandable Robust
12 guidelines
Success criteria Level A Level AA Level AAA
Italian regulation Law 4/2004 – “Disposizioni per favorire l’accesso dei soggetti
disabili agli strumenti informatici” (Stanca Law) Obstacles:
Public sector membership Existence of a contract Art. 8 of the Implementation Regulation self-evaluation of the
accessibility for public subjects
PDL 1226 (2006) Proposal for modification and improvement of 4/2004
Propose: Independence from the contract More checks on law enforcement
Studies of AccessibilityAim:
To verify, on the basis of WCAG 2.0, the implementation of these international regulations on the websites of the three major mobile phone companies operating in Italy
Tim: pros and cons
Resizable text (but not up to 200%)
Too much content with not enough space between text lines
Good contrast ratio between text (or images of text) colors and background
Useful input fields: clear label out of the field
Text alternatives are provided for any non-text content
All functionalities are available from keyboard
Visible focus
Headings and labels clearly describe topic or purpose
CAPTCHA with alternative file audio link
And more…
Effective titles (“TIM.it: Tariffe, Chiavette,Telefonini, Assistenza e Servizi Mobili”)
Alternative language is not provided
HTML and CSS coding errors:• missing objects
• end tags omitted
• no unique ID
• ..and more..
57 errors only in the homepage…
And more…
Vodafone: pros and cons
Accessible site link
Insufficient contrast ratio between text and background colors in menu area (red/white)
Too much content with not enough space between text lines
Useful input fields: clear label in the field
Text alternatives are provided for any non- text content
Good contrast ratio between text (or images of text) colors and background (except for white/red)
Headings and labels clearly describe topic or purpose
Effective titles (“ADSL internet, telefoni cellulari e offerte telefonia- Vodafone ”)
Only few functionality are available from keyboard
Invisible focus
No resizable text
And more…
Alternative language is not provided
HTML and CSS coding errors :• missing objects
• end tags omitted
• no unique ID
• ..and more...
194 errors only in the homepage…
And more…
Vodafone: pros and cons
Resizable text (but not up to 200%)
Glossary
Insufficient contrast ratio between text and background colors in menu area (red/white)
Content only based on text
W3C certification (HTML 1.0, CSS, WCAG 1.0- level AAA)
And more…
All functionalities are available from keyboard
Headings and labels clearly describe topic or purpose
HTML and CSS in conformity with W3C standards (HTML 1.0, CSS, WCAG 1.0- level AAA)
Color scheme and content organization customizable by the user (“Personalizza il sito”)
And more…
Enough space between paragraph but not enough between text lines
Absence of input field (provided in normal site): only informative content
no interaction with the users
Alternative language is not provided
Wind: pros and cons
Low contrast ratio between text (or images of text) color and background
Less content in the homepage: less dispersive page
Headings and labels clearly describe topic or purpose
Unuseful input field: label in the field
All functionalities are available from keyboard
Visible focus
Text alternatives are not provided for any non-text content (ex. box
images)
No effective titles (only the name of the company without description of
its activity)
No resizable text
Alternative language is not provided
Color scheme and content organization not customizable by the user
And more…
HTML and CSS coding errors:• missing objects• attribute "alt" not specified• end tags omitted• no unique ID• HTML language tag defines English but pages content is in Italian
problem to screen reader
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
155 errors only in the homepage…
And more…
Conclusions The analysis shows that, even leading companies do not properly
consider web accessibility
As a consequence, a still large number of people afflicted with chronic or temporary disability are neglected
The compliance with accessibility rules would represent a significant advantage for many people and further development opportunities for companies. Accessibility should therefore be considered not as a plus, but as an essential synergy between social needs and development of companies (both public and private)
Thanks for your kind attention