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Political and Social Foundations of Terrorism

CHAPTER 5

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Understanding Terrorism and Its Potential Impact on the

United States Terrorism Roots Terrorism History Terrorism Motivation Terrorism Political and Social

Implications

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Defining Terrorism

Socially Constructed With Various Definitions of the Term

Can Originate From a Variety of Sources or Directions

Important to Develop an Operational Definition

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Definition of Terrorism by Agencies:

Federal Bureau of Investigations U.S. Department of Defense U.S. Department of State

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Four Consistent Themes That Define Terrorism:

Terrorism Involves Premeditation Terrorist Acts Are Motivated by

Some Political Agenda Terrorist Generally Target

Noncombatants or Civilians Terrorist are Generally Sub-

national or Clandestine Groups

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Configuration of a Particular Terrorist Group is Dependent

On:

Environment Relationship With the State Motivation Goals

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A Brief History of Terrorism

Early Focus of Terrorism The French Revolution Late 19th and Early 20th Century

Terrorism Terrorism in Late 20th Century Terrorism Today

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The Roots and Causes of Terrorism

Civilizations or Culture Clashes Globalization Religion Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Russian Invasion of Afghanistan

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Individual Explanations of Terrorism

Frustration – Aggression Relative Deprivation Negative Identity Narcissistic Rage Moral Disengagement

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Types of Terrorism

State-Sponsored Terrorism Dissent Terrorism Terrorists and the Left and Right Religious Terrorism Criminal Terrorism

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Level of Terrorist Activities

Number of Attacks and Their Impacts

Number of Casualties as a Result of Attacks

Attacks in Iraq and Afghanistan

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Strategies for Dealing With Terrorism

Crushing Terrorist Groups Unilaterally Crushing Terrorist Groups Multilaterally Containment Defense Diversion Delegitimizing Transforming Terrorist Breeding

Grounds