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Homeland Security, First Edition
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Political and Social Foundations of Terrorism
CHAPTER 5
Homeland Security, First EditionGaines
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.5-2
Understanding Terrorism and Its Potential Impact on the
United States Terrorism Roots Terrorism History Terrorism Motivation Terrorism Political and Social
Implications
Homeland Security, First EditionGaines
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.5-3
Defining Terrorism
Socially Constructed With Various Definitions of the Term
Can Originate From a Variety of Sources or Directions
Important to Develop an Operational Definition
Homeland Security, First EditionGaines
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.5-4
Definition of Terrorism by Agencies:
Federal Bureau of Investigations U.S. Department of Defense U.S. Department of State
Homeland Security, First EditionGaines
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.5-5
Four Consistent Themes That Define Terrorism:
Terrorism Involves Premeditation Terrorist Acts Are Motivated by
Some Political Agenda Terrorist Generally Target
Noncombatants or Civilians Terrorist are Generally Sub-
national or Clandestine Groups
Homeland Security, First EditionGaines
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.5-6
Configuration of a Particular Terrorist Group is Dependent
On:
Environment Relationship With the State Motivation Goals
Homeland Security, First EditionGaines
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.5-7
A Brief History of Terrorism
Early Focus of Terrorism The French Revolution Late 19th and Early 20th Century
Terrorism Terrorism in Late 20th Century Terrorism Today
Homeland Security, First EditionGaines
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.5-8
The Roots and Causes of Terrorism
Civilizations or Culture Clashes Globalization Religion Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Russian Invasion of Afghanistan
Homeland Security, First EditionGaines
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.5-9
Individual Explanations of Terrorism
Frustration – Aggression Relative Deprivation Negative Identity Narcissistic Rage Moral Disengagement
Homeland Security, First EditionGaines
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.5-10
Types of Terrorism
State-Sponsored Terrorism Dissent Terrorism Terrorists and the Left and Right Religious Terrorism Criminal Terrorism
Homeland Security, First EditionGaines
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.5-11
Level of Terrorist Activities
Number of Attacks and Their Impacts
Number of Casualties as a Result of Attacks
Attacks in Iraq and Afghanistan
Homeland Security, First EditionGaines
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.5-12
Strategies for Dealing With Terrorism
Crushing Terrorist Groups Unilaterally Crushing Terrorist Groups Multilaterally Containment Defense Diversion Delegitimizing Transforming Terrorist Breeding
Grounds