Download pdf - Funded by the European Union EU TRADE RELATED ASSISTANCE ... · • Republic act N° 8792 of 2000 providing for the recogniTon and use of electronic commercial and non-commercial

FundedbytheEuropeanUnion

ImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry

EUTRADERELATEDASSISTANCEPHASEII

Consulta)veWorkshopDra3ElectronicTransac)onAct

10May2018LamanaHotel

hHp://www.pngeutra2.org.pg1

FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry

Generalbackgroundinforma)onandhistoricalrecordoftheUNCITRALModelLaws–whyElectronicTransac)onsActisnecessaryfor

PNG?

Ms.IrinaKireeva,LegalExpert

2

ReasonsforETAinPNG

•  Developedanddevelopingcountriesalikeareincreasinglyengagedinthedevelopmentofpaperlesstradingsystems,oRenaspartofbroadbasede-governmentortradecompeTTvenessiniTaTves.

•  ToensurethatthesepaperlesstradingplaUormscanoperateandulTmatelyreplacepaper-basedsystems,itisessenTalthatanenablinglegalframeworkbeputinplace.

FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 3

PurposeofETA–relevancetoPNG:•  (a)tofacilitateelectroniccommunica)onsbymeansofreliableelectronicrecords;•  (b)tofacilitateelectroniccommerce,toeliminatebarrierstoelectroniccommerce

resulTngfromuncertain)esoverwri)ngandsignaturerequirements,andtopromotethedevelopmentofthelegalandbusinessinfrastructurenecessarytoimplementsecureelectroniccommerce;

•  (c)tofacilitateelectronicfilingofdocumentswithpublicagencies,andtopromoteefficientdeliverybypublicagenciesofservicesbymeansofreliableelectronicrecords;

•  (d)tominimisetheincidenceofforgedelectronicrecords,intenTonalandunintenTonalalteraTonofrecords,andfraudinelectroniccommerceandotherelectronictransacTons;

•  (e)tohelptoestablishuniformityofrules,regula)onsandstandardsregardingtheauthen)ca)onandintegrityofelectronicrecords;

•  (f)topromotepublicconfidenceintheintegrityandreliabilityofelectronicrecordsandelectroniccommerce,andtofosterthedevelopmentofelectroniccommercethroughtheuseofelectronicsignaturestolendauthenTcityandintegritytocorrespondenceinanyelectronicmedium.


Referencetointerna)onallegalinstruments

•  UNCITRALModelLawonElectronicCommerceof1996(adoptedbyover70countriesintheworld)

•  UNCITRALModelLawonElectronicSignaturesof2001(adoptedbyover30countriesintheworld)

•  UnitedNaTonsConvenTonontheUseofElectronicCommunicaTonsinInternaTonalContractsof2005(adoptedasnaTonallawbyatleast15countries)

•  UNCITRALModelLawonElectronicTransferableRecordsof2017


Bestprac)cesinlegalandins)tu)onal

frameworkrelevanttoElectronicTransac)ons–examplesfromsomecountries

•  EUDirec)ve2000/31/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof8June2000oncertainlegalaspectsofinforma)onsocietyservices,inpar)cularelectroniccommerce,intheInternalMarket(Direc)veonElectronicCommerce)


Singapore–ElectronicTransacTonAct1998

•  SingaporewasoneofthefirstcountriesintheworldtoimplementtheUNCITRALModelLawonElectronicCommerceintheformoftheElectronicTransacTonsAct(ETA)in1998.

•  SingaporehasbeenacTvelymonitoringthedevelopmentsinthefieldofe-commerceandin2010,theETAwasrepealedandre-enactedinordertotakeintoaccountrecentadvancementsandtoaccommodatefuturedevelopments.TheETAenactedin2010largelyretainsthepreviouslegalschemefordealingwithelectronictransacTons.However,thereareanumberofchangeswhichallowforenhancedflexibilitytotakeadvantageoftechnologicaldevelopments(suchasElectronicTransferableRecords).


Otherexamplesoflegalissuances•  FederalLawN°1of2006onElectronicCommerceandTransacTonsoftheUAE

•  RepublicactN°8792of2000providingfortherecogniTonanduseofelectroniccommercialandnon-commercialtransacTonsanddocuments,penalTesforunlawfulusethereof,andforotherpurposesofthePhilippines

•  ElectronicCommerceActN°658of2006ofMalaysia

•  DraRE-CommerceLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,2017


PNGDra3BillonElectronicTransac)ons–generalstructureandscopeofcoverage

PreambleDivisionI:GeneralProvisions1.INTERPRETATION2.DEFINITIONS3.SCOPEOFAPPLICATION4.EXCLUSIONS5.PARTYAUTONOMY6.LOCATIONOFTHEPARTIES7.INFORMATIONREQUIREMENTS



DivisionII:ElectronicTransac)ons8.LEGALRECOGNITIONOFDATAMESSAGES9.WRITING10.ORIGINAL11.ADMISSIBILITYANDEVIDENTIALWEIGHTOFDATAMESSAGES12.RETENTIONOFDATAMESSAGES13.RECOGNITIONBYPARTIESOFDATAMESSAGES14.ATTRIBUTIONOFDATAMESSAGES15.TIMEANDPLACEOFDISPATCHANDRECEIPTOFDATAMESSAGES16.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTOFRECEIPT



DivisionIII.ElectronicContrac)ng17.FORMATIONANDVALIDITYOFCONTRACTS18.INVITATIONSTOMAKEOFFERS19.USEOFAUTOMATEDMESSAGESYSTEMSFORCONTRACTFORMATION20.AVAILABILITYOFCONTRACTTERMS21.ERRORINELECTRONICCOMMUNICATIONS22.ADDITIONALINFORMATION



DivisionIV.ElectronicSignatures23.EQUALTREATMENTOFSIGNATURETECHNOLOGIES24.ELECTRONICSIGNATURES25.CONDUCTOFTHESIGNATORY26.CONDUCTOFTHESERVICEPROVIDER27.TRUSTWORTHINESS28.CONDUCTOFTHERELYINGPARTY29.RECOGNITIONOFFOREIGNELECTRONICSIGNATURES



DivisionV.ElectronicTransferableRecord30.ELECTRONICTRANSFERABLERECORDS31.LEGALRECOGNITIONOFANELECTRONICTRANSFERABLERECORD32.TRANSFERABLEDOCUMENTSORINSTRUMENTS33.CONTROL34.GENERALRELIABILITYSTANDARD35.INDICATIONOFTIMEANDPLACEINELECTRONICTRANSFERABLERECORDS36.ENDORSEMENT37.AMENDMENT38.REPLACEMENTOFATRANSFERABLEDOCUMENTORINSTRUMENTWITHANELECTRONICTRANSFERABLERECORD39.REPLACEMENTOFANELECTRONICTRANSFERABLERECORDWITHATRANSFERABLEDOCUMENTORINSTRUMENT40.NON-DISCRIMINATIONOFFOREIGNELECTRONICTRANSFERABLERECORDS



DivisionVI.FinalProvisionsSecTonswithfinalprovisions(includingbutnotlimitedtotheextentofliabilityofaserviceprovider,lawfulaccesstoelectronicfiles,obligaTonofconfidenTality,penalTes,implemenTngrulesandregulaTons,transiTonalprovisions)


WHATISCOMMERCE?

Considera)onsfromconsumers,businesssociety,publicbodies

•  AccordingtoDicTonary.com:“CommerceisadivisionoftradeorproducTonwhichdealswiththeexchangeofgoodsandservicesfromproducertofinalconsumer”•  Itcomprisesthetradingofsomethingofeconomicvaluesuchasgoods,services,informaTon,ormoneybetweentwoormoreenTTes.


WHATISE-COMMERCE•  CommonlyknownasElectronicMarkeTng.

•  “Itconsistofbuyingandsellinggoodsandservicesoveranelectronicsystemssuchastheinternetandothercomputernetworks.”

•  “E-commerceisthepurchasing,sellingandexchanginggoodsandservicesovercomputernetworks(internet)throughwhichtransacTonortermsofsaleareperformedelectronically.


WhyusingE-Commerce?

•  LOWENTRYCOST•  REDUCESTRANSACTIONCOSTS•  ACCESSTOTHEGLOBALMARKET•  SECUREMARKETSHARE


BriefhistoryofE-Commerce•  1970s:ElectronicFundsTransfer(EFT)

UsedbythebankingindustrytoexchangeaccountinformaTonoversecurednetworks

•  Late1970sandearly1980s:ElectronicDataInterchange(EDI)fore-commercewithincompanies

•  Usedbybusinessestotransmitdatafromonebusinesstoanother

•  1990s:theWorldWideWebontheInternetprovideseasy-to-usetechnologyforinformaTonpublishinganddisseminaTon;

•  Cheapertodobusiness(economiesofscale)•  EnablediversebusinessacTviTes(economiesofscope)


TheProcessofE-Commerce–Steps1-3•  AconsumerusesWebbrowsertoconnecttothe

homepageofamerchant'sWebsiteontheInternet.

•  Theconsumerbrowsesthecatalogofproductsfeaturedonthesiteandselectsitemstopurchase.Theselecteditemsareplacedintheelectronicequivalentofashoppingcart.

•  Whentheconsumerisreadytocompletethepurchaseofselecteditems,he/sheprovidesabill-toandship-toaddressforpurchaseanddelivery


TheProcessofE-Commerce–Steps4-5

•  Whenthemerchant’sWebserverreceivesthisinformaTon,itcomputesthetotalcostoftheorder--includingtax,shipping,andhandlingcharges--andthendisplaysthetotaltothecustomer.

•  ThecustomercannowprovidepaymentinformaTon,suchasacreditcardnumber,andthensubmittheorder.


TypesofE-Commerce

•  B2B-BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS(B2B)•  B2BstandsforBusinesstoBusiness.ItconsistsoflargestformofEcommerce.ThismodeldefinesthatBuyerandselleraretwodifferentenTTes.Itissimilartomanufacturerissuinggoodstotheretailerorwholesaler.

•  B2C-BUSINESS-TO-CONSUMER(B2C):•  ItisthemodeltakingbusinessesandconsumersinteracTon.Thebasicconceptofthismodelistoselltheproductonlinetotheconsumers.


TypesofE-Commerce

•  B2E-Business-to-employee(B2E)electroniccommerceusesanintra-businessnetworkwhichallowscompaniestoprovideproductsand/orservicestotheiremployees

•  C2C-CONSUMER-TO-CONSUMER(C2C)Therearemanysitesofferingfreeclassifieds,aucTons,andforumswhereindividualscanbuyandsellthankstoonlinepaymentsystemslikePayPalwherepeoplecansendandreceivemoneyonlinewithease.eBay'saucTonserviceisagreatexampleofwhereperson-to-persontransacTonstakeplaceeverydaysince1995.



Thankyouforyouraien)on!Anyques)ons?