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FundedbytheEuropeanUnion
ImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry
EUTRADERELATEDASSISTANCEPHASEII
Consulta)veWorkshopDra3ElectronicTransac)onAct
10May2018LamanaHotel
hHp://www.pngeutra2.org.pg1
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry
Generalbackgroundinforma)onandhistoricalrecordoftheUNCITRALModelLaws–whyElectronicTransac)onsActisnecessaryfor
PNG?
Ms.IrinaKireeva,LegalExpert
2
ReasonsforETAinPNG
• Developedanddevelopingcountriesalikeareincreasinglyengagedinthedevelopmentofpaperlesstradingsystems,oRenaspartofbroadbasede-governmentortradecompeTTvenessiniTaTves.
• ToensurethatthesepaperlesstradingplaUormscanoperateandulTmatelyreplacepaper-basedsystems,itisessenTalthatanenablinglegalframeworkbeputinplace.
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 3
PurposeofETA–relevancetoPNG:• (a)tofacilitateelectroniccommunica)onsbymeansofreliableelectronicrecords;• (b)tofacilitateelectroniccommerce,toeliminatebarrierstoelectroniccommerce
resulTngfromuncertain)esoverwri)ngandsignaturerequirements,andtopromotethedevelopmentofthelegalandbusinessinfrastructurenecessarytoimplementsecureelectroniccommerce;
• (c)tofacilitateelectronicfilingofdocumentswithpublicagencies,andtopromoteefficientdeliverybypublicagenciesofservicesbymeansofreliableelectronicrecords;
• (d)tominimisetheincidenceofforgedelectronicrecords,intenTonalandunintenTonalalteraTonofrecords,andfraudinelectroniccommerceandotherelectronictransacTons;
• (e)tohelptoestablishuniformityofrules,regula)onsandstandardsregardingtheauthen)ca)onandintegrityofelectronicrecords;
• (f)topromotepublicconfidenceintheintegrityandreliabilityofelectronicrecordsandelectroniccommerce,andtofosterthedevelopmentofelectroniccommercethroughtheuseofelectronicsignaturestolendauthenTcityandintegritytocorrespondenceinanyelectronicmedium.
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 4
Referencetointerna)onallegalinstruments
• UNCITRALModelLawonElectronicCommerceof1996(adoptedbyover70countriesintheworld)
• UNCITRALModelLawonElectronicSignaturesof2001(adoptedbyover30countriesintheworld)
• UnitedNaTonsConvenTonontheUseofElectronicCommunicaTonsinInternaTonalContractsof2005(adoptedasnaTonallawbyatleast15countries)
• UNCITRALModelLawonElectronicTransferableRecordsof2017
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 5
Bestprac)cesinlegalandins)tu)onal
frameworkrelevanttoElectronicTransac)ons–examplesfromsomecountries
• EUDirec)ve2000/31/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof8June2000oncertainlegalaspectsofinforma)onsocietyservices,inpar)cularelectroniccommerce,intheInternalMarket(Direc)veonElectronicCommerce)
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 6
Singapore–ElectronicTransacTonAct1998
• SingaporewasoneofthefirstcountriesintheworldtoimplementtheUNCITRALModelLawonElectronicCommerceintheformoftheElectronicTransacTonsAct(ETA)in1998.
• SingaporehasbeenacTvelymonitoringthedevelopmentsinthefieldofe-commerceandin2010,theETAwasrepealedandre-enactedinordertotakeintoaccountrecentadvancementsandtoaccommodatefuturedevelopments.TheETAenactedin2010largelyretainsthepreviouslegalschemefordealingwithelectronictransacTons.However,thereareanumberofchangeswhichallowforenhancedflexibilitytotakeadvantageoftechnologicaldevelopments(suchasElectronicTransferableRecords).
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 7
Otherexamplesoflegalissuances• FederalLawN°1of2006onElectronicCommerceandTransacTonsoftheUAE
• RepublicactN°8792of2000providingfortherecogniTonanduseofelectroniccommercialandnon-commercialtransacTonsanddocuments,penalTesforunlawfulusethereof,andforotherpurposesofthePhilippines
• ElectronicCommerceActN°658of2006ofMalaysia
• DraRE-CommerceLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,2017
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 8
PNGDra3BillonElectronicTransac)ons–generalstructureandscopeofcoverage
PreambleDivisionI:GeneralProvisions1.INTERPRETATION2.DEFINITIONS3.SCOPEOFAPPLICATION4.EXCLUSIONS5.PARTYAUTONOMY6.LOCATIONOFTHEPARTIES7.INFORMATIONREQUIREMENTS
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 9
PNGDra3BillonElectronicTransac)ons–generalstructureandscopeofcoverage
DivisionII:ElectronicTransac)ons8.LEGALRECOGNITIONOFDATAMESSAGES9.WRITING10.ORIGINAL11.ADMISSIBILITYANDEVIDENTIALWEIGHTOFDATAMESSAGES12.RETENTIONOFDATAMESSAGES13.RECOGNITIONBYPARTIESOFDATAMESSAGES14.ATTRIBUTIONOFDATAMESSAGES15.TIMEANDPLACEOFDISPATCHANDRECEIPTOFDATAMESSAGES16.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTOFRECEIPT
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 10
PNGDra3BillonElectronicTransac)ons–generalstructureandscopeofcoverage
DivisionIII.ElectronicContrac)ng17.FORMATIONANDVALIDITYOFCONTRACTS18.INVITATIONSTOMAKEOFFERS19.USEOFAUTOMATEDMESSAGESYSTEMSFORCONTRACTFORMATION20.AVAILABILITYOFCONTRACTTERMS21.ERRORINELECTRONICCOMMUNICATIONS22.ADDITIONALINFORMATION
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 11
PNGDra3BillonElectronicTransac)ons–generalstructureandscopeofcoverage
DivisionIV.ElectronicSignatures23.EQUALTREATMENTOFSIGNATURETECHNOLOGIES24.ELECTRONICSIGNATURES25.CONDUCTOFTHESIGNATORY26.CONDUCTOFTHESERVICEPROVIDER27.TRUSTWORTHINESS28.CONDUCTOFTHERELYINGPARTY29.RECOGNITIONOFFOREIGNELECTRONICSIGNATURES
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 12
PNGDra3BillonElectronicTransac)ons–generalstructureandscopeofcoverage
DivisionV.ElectronicTransferableRecord30.ELECTRONICTRANSFERABLERECORDS31.LEGALRECOGNITIONOFANELECTRONICTRANSFERABLERECORD32.TRANSFERABLEDOCUMENTSORINSTRUMENTS33.CONTROL34.GENERALRELIABILITYSTANDARD35.INDICATIONOFTIMEANDPLACEINELECTRONICTRANSFERABLERECORDS36.ENDORSEMENT37.AMENDMENT38.REPLACEMENTOFATRANSFERABLEDOCUMENTORINSTRUMENTWITHANELECTRONICTRANSFERABLERECORD39.REPLACEMENTOFANELECTRONICTRANSFERABLERECORDWITHATRANSFERABLEDOCUMENTORINSTRUMENT40.NON-DISCRIMINATIONOFFOREIGNELECTRONICTRANSFERABLERECORDS
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 13
PNGDra3BillonElectronicTransac)ons–generalstructureandscopeofcoverage
DivisionVI.FinalProvisionsSecTonswithfinalprovisions(includingbutnotlimitedtotheextentofliabilityofaserviceprovider,lawfulaccesstoelectronicfiles,obligaTonofconfidenTality,penalTes,implemenTngrulesandregulaTons,transiTonalprovisions)
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 14
WHATISCOMMERCE?
Considera)onsfromconsumers,businesssociety,publicbodies
• AccordingtoDicTonary.com:“CommerceisadivisionoftradeorproducTonwhichdealswiththeexchangeofgoodsandservicesfromproducertofinalconsumer”• Itcomprisesthetradingofsomethingofeconomicvaluesuchasgoods,services,informaTon,ormoneybetweentwoormoreenTTes.
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 15
WHATISE-COMMERCE• CommonlyknownasElectronicMarkeTng.
• “Itconsistofbuyingandsellinggoodsandservicesoveranelectronicsystemssuchastheinternetandothercomputernetworks.”
• “E-commerceisthepurchasing,sellingandexchanginggoodsandservicesovercomputernetworks(internet)throughwhichtransacTonortermsofsaleareperformedelectronically.
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 16
WhyusingE-Commerce?
• LOWENTRYCOST• REDUCESTRANSACTIONCOSTS• ACCESSTOTHEGLOBALMARKET• SECUREMARKETSHARE
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 17
BriefhistoryofE-Commerce• 1970s:ElectronicFundsTransfer(EFT)
UsedbythebankingindustrytoexchangeaccountinformaTonoversecurednetworks
• Late1970sandearly1980s:ElectronicDataInterchange(EDI)fore-commercewithincompanies
• Usedbybusinessestotransmitdatafromonebusinesstoanother
• 1990s:theWorldWideWebontheInternetprovideseasy-to-usetechnologyforinformaTonpublishinganddisseminaTon;
• Cheapertodobusiness(economiesofscale)• EnablediversebusinessacTviTes(economiesofscope)
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 18
TheProcessofE-Commerce–Steps1-3• AconsumerusesWebbrowsertoconnecttothe
homepageofamerchant'sWebsiteontheInternet.
• Theconsumerbrowsesthecatalogofproductsfeaturedonthesiteandselectsitemstopurchase.Theselecteditemsareplacedintheelectronicequivalentofashoppingcart.
• Whentheconsumerisreadytocompletethepurchaseofselecteditems,he/sheprovidesabill-toandship-toaddressforpurchaseanddelivery
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 19
TheProcessofE-Commerce–Steps4-5
• Whenthemerchant’sWebserverreceivesthisinformaTon,itcomputesthetotalcostoftheorder--includingtax,shipping,andhandlingcharges--andthendisplaysthetotaltothecustomer.
• ThecustomercannowprovidepaymentinformaTon,suchasacreditcardnumber,andthensubmittheorder.
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 20
TypesofE-Commerce
• B2B-BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS(B2B)• B2BstandsforBusinesstoBusiness.ItconsistsoflargestformofEcommerce.ThismodeldefinesthatBuyerandselleraretwodifferentenTTes.Itissimilartomanufacturerissuinggoodstotheretailerorwholesaler.
• B2C-BUSINESS-TO-CONSUMER(B2C):• ItisthemodeltakingbusinessesandconsumersinteracTon.Thebasicconceptofthismodelistoselltheproductonlinetotheconsumers.
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 21
TypesofE-Commerce
• B2E-Business-to-employee(B2E)electroniccommerceusesanintra-businessnetworkwhichallowscompaniestoprovideproductsand/orservicestotheiremployees
• C2C-CONSUMER-TO-CONSUMER(C2C)Therearemanysitesofferingfreeclassifieds,aucTons,andforumswhereindividualscanbuyandsellthankstoonlinepaymentsystemslikePayPalwherepeoplecansendandreceivemoneyonlinewithease.eBay'saucTonserviceisagreatexampleofwhereperson-to-persontransacTonstakeplaceeverydaysince1995.
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 22
FundedbytheEuropeanUnionImplementedbytheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustry 23
Thankyouforyouraien)on!Anyques)ons?
