FLORIDA DEFENSE INDUSTRY ECONOMIC IMPACT ANALYSIS
DECEMBER 2017
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis
2017 Update
Prepared for:
The Florida Defense Support Task Force
December 2017
Prepared by:
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2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Acknowledgments
Matrix Design Group would like to thank the Florida Defense Support Task Force for their ongoing support of our Armed Services and the men
and women who protect our nation.
Florida Defense Support Task Force
Bruce Grant
Vice President, Military & Defense Programs
Terrance McCaffrey
Executive Director
Marcy Muldrow Sanders
Grants Manager
Florida Defense Support Task Force Members
Senator Doug Broxson
Major General Michael A. Calhoun
Brigadier General Chip Diehl, USAF (Ret.)
Lieutenant Colonel William Dudley, USAF (Ret.)
Admiral Mark Fitzgerald (Ret.)
CW5 Derrick Fritts
Amy Gowder
Major General Richard Haddad, USAF (Ret.)
Representative Clay Ingram
Tom Neubauer
Representative Holly Raschein
Commissioner Barbara Stewart
Representative Jay Trumbull
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 32
Trends in National Defense Spending ................................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Overview of the Estimates ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 38
State of Florida Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 42
Impacts by Type .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 45
Military Share of Total Earnings .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 46
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ................................................................................................................................................... 47
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ....................................................................................................................................................... 48
Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 49
Florida’s Procurement Economy ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 50
Regional Analysis Overview ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 56
Northwest Florida Region .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 58
Northwest Florida Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 58
Regional Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 61
Military Share of Total Earnings ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................... 64
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................... 65
Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980................................................................................................................................................................... 66
Demographics and the Regional Economy ...................................................................................................................................................................... 67
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
North Central Florida Region .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 69
North Central Florida Regional Summary........................................................................................................................................................................ 69
Regional Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 72
Military Share of Total Earnings ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 74
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................... 75
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................... 76
Change in Military Employment ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 77
Demographics and the Regional Economy ...................................................................................................................................................................... 78
Northeast Florida Region .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 80
Northeast Florida Regional Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................. 80
Regional Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 83
Military Share of Total Earnings ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................... 86
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................... 87
Change in Military Employment ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 88
Demographics and the Regional Economy ...................................................................................................................................................................... 89
East Central Florida Region ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 91
East Central Florida Region Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................. 91
Regional Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 94
Military Share of Total Earnings ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 96
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................... 97
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................... 98
Change in Military Employment ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 99
Demographics and the Regional Economy .................................................................................................................................................................... 100
Tampa Bay Florida Region ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 102
Tampa Bay Florida Region Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................. 102
Regional Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 105
Military Share of Total Earnings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 107
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................. 108
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 109
Change in Military Employment .................................................................................................................................................................................... 110
Demographics and the Regional Economy .................................................................................................................................................................... 111
South Central Florida Region............................................................................................................................................................................................. 113
South Central Florida Region Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................ 113
Regional Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 116
Military Share of Total Earnings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 118
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................. 119
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 120
Change in Military Employment .................................................................................................................................................................................... 121
Demographics and the Regional Economy .................................................................................................................................................................... 122
Southeast Florida Region .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 124
Southeast Florida Region Summary .............................................................................................................................................................................. 124
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Regional Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 127
Military Share of Total Earnings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 129
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................. 130
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 131
Change in Military Employment .................................................................................................................................................................................... 132
Demographics and the Regional Economy .................................................................................................................................................................... 133
Southwest Florida Region ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 135
Southwest Florida Region Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................. 135
Regional Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 138
Military Share of Total Earnings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 140
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................. 141
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 142
Change in Military Employment .................................................................................................................................................................................... 143
Demographics and the Regional Economy .................................................................................................................................................................... 144
County Analysis Overview ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 146
Bay County ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 149
Bay County Summary .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 149
Economic Impact Estimates .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 149
Military Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 152
Military Share of Total Earnings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 153
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................. 154
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 155
Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980................................................................................................................................................................. 156
Demographics and the Regional Economy .................................................................................................................................................................... 157
Bradford County ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 159
Bradford County Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 159
Economic Impact Estimates .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 159
Military Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 162
Military Share of Total Earnings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 163
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................. 164
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 165
Change in Military Employment .................................................................................................................................................................................... 166
Demographics and the Regional Economy .................................................................................................................................................................... 167
Brevard County ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 169
Brevard County Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 169
Economic Impact Estimates .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 169
Military Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 172
Military Share of Total Earnings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 172
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................. 174
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 175
Change in Military Employment .................................................................................................................................................................................... 176
Demographics and the Regional Economy .................................................................................................................................................................... 177
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Clay County ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 179
Clay County Summary ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 179
Economic Impact Estimates .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 179
Military Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 182
Military Share of Total Earnings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 183
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................. 184
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 185
Change in Military Employment .................................................................................................................................................................................... 186
Demographics and the Regional Economy .................................................................................................................................................................... 187
Duval County ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 189
Duval County Summary ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 189
Economic Impact Estimates .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 189
Military Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 192
Military Share of Total Earnings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 193
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................. 194
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 195
Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980................................................................................................................................................................. 196
Demographics and the Regional Economy .................................................................................................................................................................... 197
Escambia County ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 199
Escambia County Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 199
Economic Impact Estimates .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 199
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Military Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 202
Military Share of Total Earnings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 203
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................. 204
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 205
Change in Military Employment .................................................................................................................................................................................... 206
Demographics and the Regional Economy .................................................................................................................................................................... 207
Highlands County .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 209
Highlands County Summary .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 209
Economic Impact Estimates .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 209
Military Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 212
Military Share of Total Earnings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 213
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................. 214
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 215
Change in Military Employment .................................................................................................................................................................................... 216
Demographics and the Regional Economy .................................................................................................................................................................... 217
Hillsborough County .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 219
Hillsborough County Summary ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 219
Economic Impacts Estimates ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 219
Military Share of Total Earnings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 223
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................. 224
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 225
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Change in Military Employment .................................................................................................................................................................................... 226
Demographics and the Regional Economy .................................................................................................................................................................... 227
Miami-Dade County .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 229
Miami-Dade County Summary ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 229
Economic Impact Estimates .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 229
Military Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 232
Military Share of Total Earnings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 233
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................. 234
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 235
Change in Military Employment .................................................................................................................................................................................... 236
Demographics and the Regional Economy .................................................................................................................................................................... 237
Monroe County ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 239
Monroe County Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 239
Economic Impact Estimates .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 239
Military Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 242
Military Share of Total Earnings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 243
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................. 244
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 245
Change in Military Employment .................................................................................................................................................................................... 246
Demographics and the Regional Economy .................................................................................................................................................................... 247
Okaloosa County ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 249
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Okaloosa County Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 249
Economic Impact Estimates .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 249
Military Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 252
Military Share of Total Earnings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 253
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................. 254
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 255
Change in Military Employment .................................................................................................................................................................................... 256
Demographics and the Regional Economy .................................................................................................................................................................... 257
Orange County .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 259
Orange County Summary .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 259
Economic Impact Estimates .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 259
Military Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 262
Military Share of Total Earnings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 263
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................. 264
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 265
Change in Military Employment .................................................................................................................................................................................... 266
Demographics and the Regional Economy .................................................................................................................................................................... 267
Pinellas County .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 269
Pinellas County Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 269
Economic Impact Estimates .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 269
Military Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 272
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Military Share of Total Earnings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 273
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................. 274
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 275
Change in Military Employment .................................................................................................................................................................................... 276
Demographics and the Regional Economy .................................................................................................................................................................... 277
Polk County ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 279
Polk County Summary ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 279
Economic Impact Estimates .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 279
Military Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 282
Military Share of Total Earnings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 282
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................. 284
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 285
Change in Military Employment .................................................................................................................................................................................... 286
Demographics and the Regional Economy .................................................................................................................................................................... 287
Santa Rosa County ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 289
Santa Rosa County Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 289
Economic Impact Estimates .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 289
Military Impacts by Type ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 292
Military Share of Total Earnings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 293
Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ............................................................................................................................................. 294
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 295
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Change in Military Employment .................................................................................................................................................................................... 296
Demographics and the Regional Economy .................................................................................................................................................................... 297
Table of Tables
Table 1. State of Florida: Combined Direct Defense Expenditures .......................................................................................................................................... 42
Table 2. State of Florida: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 ......................................................................................................................................... 43
Table 3. Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) .................................................................................................. 45
Table 4. State Rankings: Procurement Contracts by Place of Performance, 2009 - 2016 ....................................................................................................... 52
Table 5. Occupations Generated by Procurement Spending, FY 2016 .................................................................................................................................... 54
Table 6. Regional Impacts as a Percent of Whole .................................................................................................................................................................... 57
Table 7. Northwest Region: Combined Direct Defense Expenditures ..................................................................................................................................... 58
Table 8. Northwest Florida Region: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 ........................................................................................................................ 59
Table 9. Northwest Region: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) ................................................................... 61
Table 10. Northwest Region: Defense Impacts by County, 2016 ............................................................................................................................................ 62
Table 11. Demographic Estimates: Northwest Florida Region ................................................................................................................................................ 67
Table 12. North Central Region: Combined Direct Defense Expenditures .............................................................................................................................. 69
Table 13. North Central Region: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 ............................................................................................................................. 70
Table 14. North Central Region: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)............................................................. 72
Table 15. North Central Region - Defense Impacts by County, 2016 ...................................................................................................................................... 73
Table 16. Demographic Estimates, North Central Florida Region ........................................................................................................................................... 78
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Table 17. Northeast Region: Combined Direct Defense Expenditures .................................................................................................................................... 80
Table 18. Northeast Region: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 ................................................................................................................................... 81
Table 19. Northeast Region: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) .................................................................. 83
Table 20. Northeast Region - Defense Impacts by County, 2016 ............................................................................................................................................ 84
Table 21. Demographic Estimates, Northeast Florida Region ................................................................................................................................................. 89
Table 22. East Central Region: Combined Direct Defense Expenditures ................................................................................................................................. 91
Table 23. East Central Region: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 ................................................................................................................................ 92
Table 24. East Central Region: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) ............................................................... 94
Table 25. East Central Region - Defense Impacts by County, 2016 ......................................................................................................................................... 95
Table 26. Demographic Estimates, East Central Florida Region ............................................................................................................................................ 100
Table 27. Tampa Bay Region: Combined Direct Defense Expenditures ................................................................................................................................. 102
Table 28. Tampa Bay Region: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020................................................................................................................................ 103
Table 29. Tampa Bay Region: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) ............................................................... 105
Table 30. Tampa Bay Region - Defense Impacts by County, 2016 ......................................................................................................................................... 106
Table 31. Demographic Estimates, Tampa Bay Florida Region .............................................................................................................................................. 111
Table 32. South Central Region Combined Direct Defense Expenditures ............................................................................................................................. 113
Table 33. South Central Region: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 ........................................................................................................................... 114
Table 34. South Central Region: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) ........................................................... 116
Table 35. South Central Region - Defense Impacts by County, 2016..................................................................................................................................... 117
Table 36. Demographic Estimates, South Central Florida Region.......................................................................................................................................... 122
Table 37. Southeast Region: Combined Direct Defense Expenditures .................................................................................................................................. 124
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Table 38. Southeast Region: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 ................................................................................................................................. 125
Table 39. Southeast Region: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) ................................................................ 127
Table 40. Southeast Region - Defense Impacts by County, 2016 .......................................................................................................................................... 128
Table 41. Demographic Estimates, Southeast Florida Region ............................................................................................................................................... 133
Table 42. Southwest Region: Combined Direct Defense Expenditures ................................................................................................................................. 135
Table 43. Southwest Region: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 ................................................................................................................................ 136
Table 44. Southwest Region: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) ............................................................... 138
Table 45. Southwest Region - Defense Impacts by County, 2016 ......................................................................................................................................... 139
Table 46. Demographic Estimates, Southwest Florida Region .............................................................................................................................................. 144
Table 47. Economic Impacts of Select Counties, 2016 .......................................................................................................................................................... 148
Table 48. Bay County : Combined Direct Defense Expenditures ........................................................................................................................................... 149
Table 49. Bay County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 ........................................................................................................................................... 150
Table 50. Bay County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) .......................................................................... 152
Table 51. Demographic Estimates, Bay County ..................................................................................................................................................................... 157
Table 52. Bradford County: Combined Direct Defense Expenditures .................................................................................................................................... 159
Table 53. Bradford County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020................................................................................................................................... 160
Table 54. Bradford County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) .................................................................. 162
Table 55. Demographic Estimates, Bradford County ............................................................................................................................................................. 167
Table 56. Brevard County : Combined Direct Defense Expenditures .................................................................................................................................... 169
Table 57. Brevard County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 .................................................................................................................................... 170
Table 58. Brevard County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) ................................................................... 172
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Table 59. Demographic Estimates, Brevard County .............................................................................................................................................................. 177
Table 60. Clay County: Combined Direct Defense Expenditures ........................................................................................................................................... 179
Table 61. Clay County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 .......................................................................................................................................... 180
Table 62. Clay County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) ......................................................................... 182
Table 63. Demographic Estimates, Clay County .................................................................................................................................................................... 187
Table 64. Duval County: Combined Direct Defense Expenditures ......................................................................................................................................... 189
Table 65. Duval County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 ........................................................................................................................................ 190
Table 66. Duval County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) ....................................................................... 192
Table 67. Demographic Estimates, Duval County .................................................................................................................................................................. 197
Table 68. Escambia County : Combined Direct Defense Expenditures .................................................................................................................................. 199
Table 69. Escambia County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 .................................................................................................................................. 200
Table 70. Escambia County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) ................................................................. 202
Table 71. Demographic Estimates, Escambia County ............................................................................................................................................................ 207
Table 72. Highlands County: Combined Direct Defense Expenditures .................................................................................................................................. 209
Table 73. Highlands County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 ................................................................................................................................. 210
Table 74. Highlands County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) ................................................................ 212
Table 75. Demographic Estimates, Highlands County ........................................................................................................................................................... 217
Table 76. Hillsborough County : Combined Direct Defense Expenditures ............................................................................................................................. 219
Table 77. Hillsborough County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 ............................................................................................................................ 220
Table 78. Hillsborough County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) ............................................................ 222
Table 79. Demographic Estimates, Hillsborough County....................................................................................................................................................... 227
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Table 80. Miami-Dade County: Combined Direct Defense Expenditures .............................................................................................................................. 229
Table 81. Miami-Dade County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 ............................................................................................................................. 230
Table 82. Miami-Dade County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) ............................................................ 232
Table 83. Demographic Estimates, Miami-Dade County ....................................................................................................................................................... 237
Table 84. Monroe County: Combined Direct Defense Expenditures ..................................................................................................................................... 239
Table 85. Monroe County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 .................................................................................................................................... 240
Table 86. Monroe County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) ................................................................... 242
Table 87. Demographic Estimates, Monroe County .............................................................................................................................................................. 247
Table 88. Okaloosa County: Combined Direct Defense Expenditures ................................................................................................................................... 249
Table 89. Okaloosa County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 .................................................................................................................................. 250
Table 90. Okaloosa County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) ................................................................. 252
Table 91. Demographic Estimates, Okaloosa County ............................................................................................................................................................ 257
Table 92. Orange County: Combined Direct Defense Expenditures ...................................................................................................................................... 259
Table 93. Orange County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 ..................................................................................................................................... 260
Table 94. Orange County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) .................................................................... 262
Table 95. Demographic Estimates, Orange County ............................................................................................................................................................... 267
Table 96. Pinellas County: Combined Direct Defense Expenditures ...................................................................................................................................... 269
Table 97. Pinellas County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020..................................................................................................................................... 270
Table 98. Pinellas County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) .................................................................... 272
Table 99. Demographic Estimates, Pinellas County ............................................................................................................................................................... 277
Table 100. Polk County: Combined Direct Defense Expenditures ......................................................................................................................................... 279
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Table 101. Polk County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 ........................................................................................................................................ 280
Table 102. Polk County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016) ....................................................................... 282
Table 103. Demographic Estimates, Polk County .................................................................................................................................................................. 287
Table 104. Santa Rosa County: Combined Direct Defense Expenditures .............................................................................................................................. 289
Table 105. Santa Rosa County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020 ............................................................................................................................. 290
Table 106. Santa Rosa County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)............................................................. 292
Table 107. Demographic Estimates, Santa Rosa County ....................................................................................................................................................... 297
Table of Figures
Figure 1. Components of the Defense Economy ..................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Figure 2. Defense Spending as a Share of Federal Spending and Gross Domestic Product ..................................................................................................... 36
Figure 3. National Defense Spending by Service, 1948 - 2018 ................................................................................................................................................ 37
Figure 4. State of Florida: Distribution of Direct Defense Expenditures .................................................................................................................................. 42
Figure 5. Military Share of Total Earnings ................................................................................................................................................................................ 46
Figure 6. Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings ........................................................................................................................................ 47
Figure 7. Military Employment as a Share Total Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 48
Figure 8. Total Military employment Indexed to 1980 ............................................................................................................................................................ 49
Figure 9. Florida Procurement - Historic and Forecast, 1995 - 2021 ....................................................................................................................................... 51
Figure 10. Defense Procurement by Industry, 2001 - 2016 ..................................................................................................................................................... 53
Figure 11. County Groupings for Regions ................................................................................................................................................................................ 57
Figure 12. Northwest Region: Distribution of Direct Defense Expenditures ........................................................................................................................... 58
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Figure 13. Military Share of Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Northwest Florida Region ..................................................................... 63
Figure 14. Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and Northwest Florida Region ........................... 64
Figure 15. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Northwest Florida Region ......................... 65
Figure 16. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Northwest Florida Region ........................................ 66
Figure 17. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Northwest Florida Region ..................................................................................................................... 68
Figure 18. Northwest Florida Region: Distribution of Direct Defense Expenditures ............................................................................................................... 69
Figure 19. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the North Central Region ................................................................... 74
Figure 20. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the North Central Region .................................. 75
Figure 21. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the North Central Region ................................ 76
Figure 22. Total Military employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the North Central Region ............................................... 77
Figure 23. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – North Central Florida Region ................................................................................................................ 79
Figure 24 . Northeast Region: Distribution of Direct Defense Expenditures ........................................................................................................................... 80
Figure 25. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Northeast Florida Region ............................................................. 85
Figure 26. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Northeast Florida Region ............................ 86
Figure 27.Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Northeast Florida Region ........................... 87
Figure 28. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Northeast Florida Region ......................................... 88
Figure 29. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Northeast Florida Region ...................................................................................................................... 90
Figure 30. East Central Region: Distribution of Direct Defense Expenditures ......................................................................................................................... 91
Figure 31. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the East Central Florida Region .......................................................... 96
Figure 32. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the East Central Region ..................................... 97
Figure 33. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the East Central Florida Region....................... 98
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Figure 34. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the East Central Florida Region ...................................... 99
Figure 35. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – East Central Florida Region ................................................................................................................. 101
Figure 36. Tampa Bay Region: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending ............................................................................................................................... 102
Figure 37. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Tampa Bay Florida Region ......................................................... 107
Figure 38. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Tampa Bay Florida Region ......................... 108
Figure 39. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Tampa Bay Florida Region ...................... 109
Figure 40. Total Military employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Tampa Bay Florida Region ...................................... 110
Figure 41. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Tampa Bay Florida Region .................................................................................................................. 112
Figure 42. South Central Region: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending ........................................................................................................................... 113
Figure 43. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 -2025: United States, Florida, and the South Central Florida Region ....................................................... 118
Figure 44. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the South Central Region ................................ 119
Figure 45. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 -2025: United States, Florida, and the South Central Region ............................... 120
Figure 46. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the South Central Florida Region ................................. 121
Figure 47. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – South Central Florida Region .............................................................................................................. 123
Figure 48. Southeast Region: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending ................................................................................................................................ 124
Figure 49. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 -2025: United States, Florida, and the Southeast Region ........................................................................ 129
Figure 50. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 -2025: United States, Florida, and the Southeast Region ........................................ 130
Figure 51. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Southeast Region.................................... 131
Figure 52. Total military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Southeast Region ................................................... 132
Figure 53. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Southeast Florida Region .................................................................................................................... 134
Figure 54. Southwest Region: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending ................................................................................................................................ 135
21
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Figure 55. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 -2025: United States, Florida, and the Southwest Region ....................................................................... 140
Figure 56. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 -2025: United States, Florida, and the Southwest Florida Region ........................... 141
Figure 57. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Southwest Region ................................... 142
Figure 58. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Southwest Region ............................................................... 143
Figure 59. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Southwest Florida Region ................................................................................................................... 145
Figure 60. Bay County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending .......................................................................................................................................... 149
Figure 61. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and Bay County Florida ........................................................................... 153
Figure 62. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 -2025: United States, Florida, and Bay County Florida ............................................ 154
Figure 63. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and Bay County Florida ........................................ 155
Figure 64. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and Bay County Florida ....................................................... 156
Figure 65. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Bay County ......................................................................................................................................... 158
Figure 66. Bradford County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending .................................................................................................................................. 159
Figure 67. Military Share of the Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, North Central Florida Region, and Bradford County ......................... 163
Figure 68. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, North Central Region, and Bradford County .......... 164
Figure 69. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, North Central Region, Bradford County............... 165
Figure 70. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, North Central Region, and Bradford County ....................... 166
Figure 71. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Bradford County ................................................................................................................................. 168
Figure 72. Brevard County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending.................................................................................................................................... 169
Figure 73. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United states, Florida, East Central Region, and Brevard County ............................................... 173
Figure 74. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United states, Florida, East Central Region, and Brevard County ............... 174
Figure 75. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, East Central Region, and Brevard County ............ 175
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Figure 76. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, East Central Region, and Brevard County ............................ 176
Figure 77. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Brevard County ................................................................................................................................... 178
Figure 78. Clay County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending ......................................................................................................................................... 179
Figure 79. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United states, Florida, Northeast Region, and Clay County ........................................................ 183
Figure 80. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United states, Florida, Northeast Region, and Clay County ........................ 184
Figure 81. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northeast Region, and Clay County ..................... 185
Figure 82. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northeast Region, and Clay County ..................................... 186
Figure 83. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Clay County ......................................................................................................................................... 188
Figure 84. Duval County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending ....................................................................................................................................... 189
Figure 85. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United states, Florida, Northeast Region, and Duval County ...................................................... 193
Figure 86. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United states, Florida, Northeast Region, and Duval County...................... 194
Figure 87. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northeast Region, and Duval County ................... 195
Figure 88. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northeast Region, and Duval County .................................. 196
Figure 89. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Duval County ...................................................................................................................................... 198
Figure 90. Escambia County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending ................................................................................................................................. 199
Figure 91. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Florida Region, and Escambia County ................................... 203
Figure 92. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Florida Region, and Escambia County .. 204
Figure 93. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Florida Region, and Escambia County 205
Figure 94. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Florida Region, and Escambia County ............... 206
Figure 95. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Escambia County ................................................................................................................................ 208
Figure 96. Highlands County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending ................................................................................................................................ 209
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Figure 97. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, South Central Region, and Highlands County ......................................... 213
Figure 98. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, South Central Region, and Highlands County ......... 214
Figure 99. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, South Central Region, and Highlands County ...... 215
Figure 100. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, South Central Region, and Highlands County .................... 216
Figure 101. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Highlands County.............................................................................................................................. 218
Figure 102. Hillsborough County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending .......................................................................................................................... 219
Figure 103. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay Region, and Hillsborough County ....................................... 223
Figure 104. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay Region, and Hillsborough County....... 224
Figure 105. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa By Region, and Hillsborough County ...... 225
Figure 106. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay Region, and Hillsborough County ................... 226
Figure 107. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Hillsborough County ......................................................................................................................... 228
Figure 108. Miami-Dade County Distribution of Direct Defense Spending ........................................................................................................................... 229
Figure 109. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Southeast Region, and Miami-Dade County ......................................... 233
Figure 110. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Southeast Region, and Miami-Dade County ......... 234
Figure 111. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Southeast Region, and Miami-Dade County ...... 235
Figure 112. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Southeast Region, and Miami-Dade County...................... 236
Figure 113. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Miami-Dade County.......................................................................................................................... 238
Figure 114. Monroe County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending ................................................................................................................................. 239
Figure 115. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Southeast Region, and Miami-Dade County ......................................... 243
Figure 116. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Southeast Region, and Monroe County ............... 244
Figure 117. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Southeast Region, and Monroe County ............. 245
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Figure 118. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Southeast Region, and Monroe County ............................ 246
Figure 119. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Monroe County ................................................................................................................................ 248
Figure 120. Okaloosa County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending ............................................................................................................................... 249
Figure 121. Military Share of total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Region, and Okaloosa County .............................................. 253
Figure 122. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northwest region, and Okaloosa County ............. 254
Figure 123. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Region, and Okaloosa County .......... 255
Figure 124. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Region, and Okaloosa County .......................... 256
Figure 125. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Okaloosa County............................................................................................................................... 258
Figure 126. Orange County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending .................................................................................................................................. 259
Figure 127. Military Share of total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, East Central Region, and Orange County .............................................. 263
Figure 128. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, East Central region, and Orange County .............. 264
Figure 129. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, East Central Region, and Orange County ........... 265
Figure 130. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, East Central Region, and Orange County .......................... 266
Figure 131. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Orange County ................................................................................................................................. 268
Figure 132. Pinellas County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending .................................................................................................................................. 269
Figure 133. Military Share of total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay Region, and Pinellas County ................................................ 273
Figure 134. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay region, and Pinellas County ............... 274
Figure 135. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay Region, and Pinellas County ............ 275
Figure 136. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay Region, and Pinellas County............................ 276
Figure 137. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth, Pinellas County ................................................................................................................................... 278
Figure 138. Polk County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending ....................................................................................................................................... 279
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Figure 139. Military Share of total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay Region, and Polk County ..................................................... 283
Figure 140. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay region, and Polk County ..................... 284
Figure 141. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay Region, and Polk County ................. 285
Figure 142. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay Region, and Polk County ................................. 286
Figure 143. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth, Polk County ........................................................................................................................................ 288
Figure 144. Santa Rosa County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending ............................................................................................................................. 289
Figure 145. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Florida Region, and Santa Rosa County .............................. 293
Figure 146. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 -2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Florida Region, and Santa Rosa County 294
Figure 147. Military Employment as a share of Total Employment, 1970 -2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Florida, and Santa Rosa County ......... 295
Figure 148. Total employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Florida Region, and Santa Rosa County ........................ 296
Figure 149. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth, Santa Rosa County .............................................................................................................................. 298
26
Please see next page.
27
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Executive Summary To provide a consistent comparison of Florida’s defense industry over time, this 2017 update utilizes the same econometric forecasting models
and defense-related spending flows as previous studies. However, in order to bring higher fidelity to our estimates, this update incorporates
distribution data from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) for National Guard personnel compensation estimates. Over time, these data
are more stable than the U.S. Census data utilized in previous updates. The use of these data do not affect the total statewide impact estimates –
only how the impacts associated with the National Guard are distributed across the state; otherwise, this update utilizes the same methodologies,
data, and econometric models as in previous updates. This includes using the REMI PI+ 70 sector model to estimate total economic impacts at the
state and county levels. As in previous years, the study relies primarily on data from the REMI model, U.S. Department of Treasury, U.S. Department
of Defense (DoD), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA), U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Florida National Guard, DoD Base
Structures Report, DoD Green Book, U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. BEA, and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
ES. 1. DEFENSE SPENDING IN FLORIDA, 2011 - 2016
Source: US Department of Treasury; US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Department of Veterans Affairs
$0
$2
$4
$6
$8
$10
$12
$14
$16
$18
$20
Procurement Salaries Transfer Payments2011 2014 2016
CU
RR
ENT
DO
LLA
RS
(BIL
LIO
NS)
7.6%
36.5%
2.5%
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For comparisons sake, Table ES1 provides changes in defense spending over time. As the table indicates, between 2014 and 2016 Florida
experienced a 36.5% increase in procurement contacts, a slight decline of 2.5% in salaries paid to personnel, and a 7.6% increase in transfer
payments. The vast majority of increases in procurement contracts were seen in the manufacturing industry and were primarily realized in
Brevard, Orange, and Okaloosa counties.
Table ES2 below presents the total economic impacts associated with the direct spending presented in Table ES1. At the table indicates, these
spending flows generated $84.9 billion in economic impacts (gross state product) and support nearly 802,000 jobs across the state. Installations
(inside the fence operations) are responsible for 56% of these impacts with procurement contracts (outside the fence) and transfer payments both
generating 22% of impacts each.
Source: REMI PI+ Version 2.0.3
Among the key findings of the study:
Defense spending was directly or indirectly responsible for $84.9 Billion, or 9.2%, of Florida’s 2016 Gross State Product (GSP).
Defense-related spending accounted for a total of 801,747 direct, indirect and induced jobs.
Of the $39.6 billion spent in Florida in 2016, approximately $14.0 billion was for procurement, $7.4 billion for salaries and wages, and
$18.2 billion for transfers (military retiree pensions and veteran’s benefits).
The ten largest Florida defense contractors supplied $7.7 billion, or roughly 55% of the $14.0 billion value of defense procured goods and
services.
Nearly 2/3 ($8.6B) of all private-sector defense contracts are performed in Brevard, Orange, and Okaloosa counties.
ES. 2. Total Economic Impacts of Defense Spending, 2016
Billions USD
Impact Type Economic Impact Employment % of Total
Total $84.9 801,747 100%
Installation Footprint (Salaries and Base Support Contracts)
$47.5 390,730 56%
Procurement (Contracts performed off-installation)
$18.8 178,172 22%
Transfers (Veterans Benefits & Military Pensions)
$18.7 232,846 22%
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Since 2014, Florida increased the value of all defense contracts performed in-state by 36.5% compared to the U.S at 4.8%.
In addition these findings, the impacts from defense spending are felt across the entire state. Table ES. 3, provides the distribution of impacts
across the eight (8) regions in our study. While all eight regions receive some level of impact, five regions drive 96% of all impacts – Northwest,
East Central, Tampa Bay, Southeast, and Northeast regions – which covers 85% of the state-wide population. In other words, residents from across
the state are impacted both directly and indirectly by Florida’s role in defending our Nation’s interest. While not all residents can see military jets
on maneuver or feel the earth shaking from bombing exercises being conducted at one of Florida ranges, many are employed and earn income –
either directly or indirectly – from Florida’s Defense Economy.
ES. 3. Regional Impacts as a Percent of State-wide Impacts
Region Economic Impact (Billions USD)
Job Impact Percent of State-wide
Impacts
Percent of State
Population
Northwest Region $22.1 182,449 26% 7%
East Central Region $17.4 166,406 20% 14%
Tampa Bay Region $17.1 163,071 20% 22%
Southeast Region $12.4 127,832 15% 33%
Northeast Region $12.3 115,965 15% 9%
Southwest Region $1.9 23,625 2% 6%
North Central Region $1.4 19,074 2% 7%
South Central Region $0.2 3,325 <0% 1%
Source: REMI Pi+ Version 2.0.3
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Please see next page.
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Introduction The Florida Defense Support Taskforce (FDSTF) commissioned the Matrix Design Group to conduct the 2017 update to the Florida Defense Industry
Economic Impact Analysis. As with previous updates, the purpose of this study is to chronicle the economic impact of defense spending within
Florida. Defense spending, or what is referred to as the Defense Economy, is predominately realized by way of three federal spending flows:1
1. Installation Footprint (Base Operations)
2. Procurement Contracts
3. Transfer Payments
With 22 installations, nearly 150,000 Department of Defense (DoD)
personnel, hundreds of defense contractors, and more than 1.5 million
veterans and military retirees, Florida ranks in the top 5 for defense
spending among US states.2 The federal dollars associated with supporting
installation footprints, private-sector defense contractors, and providing
well-earned benefits from the state’s veterans and military retirees sum
to nearly $40 billion in direct defense spending in 2016. Known as the
multiplier effect, these spending flows ripple through the state economy
to create additional second (indirect) and third (induced) order impacts.
The premise of this study is to measure the sum of these impacts in order
to understand the far reaching affects tied to the Florida Defense
Economy.
How much economic activity in Florida is attributable to defense
spending? An accurate calculation of defense-related economic impact
requires an accurate accounting of the magnitude of defense spending
flowing into Florida and an accurate mapping (both geographically and by
industry sector) of this spending as it flows through local economies within
the state. To achieve comparable estimates across time, it is necessary to
1 Federal spending within the Defense Economy is comprised of expenditures from the US Department of Defense, US Department of Veterans Affairs, US Department of Homeland Security. 2 DoD personnel consist of active duty, civilian, National Guard, and Reserve.
Figure 1. Components of the Defense Economy
33
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
apply consistent data sources and analytical methods as
those used in past updates. However, as new data becomes
available, it is the responsibility of an analyst to incorporate
these data if they are to provide better, more reliable
estimates. For the 2017 update, a methodological decision
was made to incorporate BEA data for National Guard
county-level compensation estimates. In past versions,
residency patterns from the US Census Bureau were used to
estimate county of residence for Guardsmen. The use of BEA
data did not impact the state-level economic impact
estimates; however, they do impact how the distribution of
National Guard impacts are allocated across the state. While
the 2017 county-level estimates show a slight adjustment
from the 2015 study, making this adjustment now, will allow
for more stable estimates moving forward.
As was noted in previous updates, the scope of this study is
limited to measures of economic activity. The value of
defense personnel to Florida extends well beyond this
singular dimension. Military men and women and their spouses, as well as veterans and military retirees, all make positive intangible contributions
to the communities in which they reside. However, to remain consistent, these contributions were not considered in our estimates. Rather,
economic data were compiled primarily from secondary sources – such as DoD reports and other federal databases – with the objective of
identifying all defense-related expenditures occurring in Florida for the most recent annual period (2016). As mentioned above, these spending
flows include things such as personnel salaries, base operating support contracts (construction, utilities, supplies, etc.), defense industry contracts
(weapons development, manufacturing, modeling and simulation, RDT&E, etc.), military retirement pay, and DVA expenditures. Also included in
these estimates are similar expenditures by the National Guard and the U.S. Coast Guard.
These expenditures are collected at the county and/or ZIP code levels and constitute what is known as direct defense spending. Direct spending
across the state has first order economic impacts – meaning they generate the first round of employment, income, and Gross Regional Product
(GRP) impacts. For instance, the $14 billion in procurement contracts performed in-state during 2016 generated nearly 66,000 direct jobs.
However, as these expenditures flow through the economy, they multiply as they induce further rounds of spending. Returning to the procurement
example, once the $14 billion in contracts are realized, in order to perform these contracts, contractors must purchase intermediate inputs from
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
suppliers (indirect effect). Contractors must also hire the necessary labor to carry-out their contractual obligations. As this labor spends their
income in the local economy, these expenditures create a third order (induced effect) of spending impacts. Together – direct, indirect, and induced
spending – create what is referred to as the total economic impact of a particular spending flow – in this case procurement contracts. In order to
estimate these impacts, an econometric model is used at the appropriate industry and geographic (county) level. Using this model, it estimated
the $14 billion in procurement contracts generates the initial 66,000 jobs then the second and third order spending generates an additional
112,000.
The Regional Economic Models, Inc. Policy Insight Plus (REMI PI+) economic simulation model was used to evaluate the economic impact of these
direct spending flows. A regional baseline forecast extending through the year 2020 for each of the 67 Florida counties was constructed. The
differences between the baseline forecast and a forecast where military spending has been removed comprise the results. The resulting change
in GRP resulting from the absence of defense-related spending flows is the measure of economic impact reported. The measure of economic
impact used throughout the report is change in GRP. While results could be reported in terms of total sales, as personal income, or other measures,
GRP is the local analogue to the widely understood national level concept of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). GRP reporting follows the structure
of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), which contain the primary measures used for tracking changes in the national economy. This
conceptual framework for organizing economic activity recognizes that the dollar value of all final goods and services produced (the GDP) can be
measured by the following equation:
GRP = C + I + G + (X-M)
Consumption spending by individuals on goods and services
Investment expenditures by businesses and individuals
Government spending
Exports (gross value)
Imports (gross value)
The results reported, which are the changes in GRP attributable to defense-related spending, are composed of the same elements as would be
found in the national-level GDP. For the reader’s convenience, this report is organized into three separate sections. Section 1 (here) presents
information on the national defense budget and Florida’s defense presence relative to other key states. It includes an analysis of defense spending
in Florida along with statewide economic impact estimates. In Section 2, the state-level impacts are parsed into eight geographical regions (as
identified by Enterprise Florida, Incorporated) and spending for each region is analyzed. Each regional spending pattern is accompanied by regional
economic impact estimates. Finally, in Section 3, spending analysis is provided for those counties in which defense spending is most pronounced.
As in past updates, employment demographics for each county are discussed along with military employment trends and comparisons. Defense
spending inputs are also presented and discussed as well as economic impact estimates for each county.
35
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Trends in National Defense Spending Before we discuss what defense spending means to Florida, it’s important
to understand national spending trends. As can be seen in Figure 2 on the
following page, national defense spending has varied significantly since the
end of World War II. As the data indicate, during the war, national defense
spending consumed nearly 90% of all federal spending and almost 40% of
the country’s GDP. This declined considerably in the years between the
end of World War II and the start of the Korean War—when defense
spending spiked once again to nearly 15% of GDP. Since that time,
spending—relative to the overall size of the federal budget and GDP— has
declined dramatically. By the end of the Cold War, defense spending fell
below 4% of the country’s GDP and consumed less than 20% of the federal
budget. While Sequestration has put downward pressure on defense
spending since 2010, the DoD does forecast a slight uptick in spending to
nearly 16% of federal spending in 2018 – up from just under 15% in 2017.
While many factors have influenced these variations, one primary reason is the US economic growth (and thus the growth of the overall federal
budget) has outpaced the growth in both real and nominal defense expenditures – leading to a lower share of both the federal budget and the
overall economy.
The downward pressures on the defense budget are highlighted further in Figure 3 (on page 37). The data in Figure 3 are comprised of DoD
Green Book estimates of current and projected DoD outlays by branch of service in current 2017 dollars. As these data indicate, spending by
DoD is forecast just under $600 million through 2018—down from nearly $675 billion in 2010. By 2018, expenditures for the Army are forecast
to be $145 billion, for the Navy $164 billion and for the Air Force $158 billion. This is down from the 2011 peak of $238 billion for the Army,
$167 billion for the Navy and $160 billion for the Air Force. Although the Trump administration has pressed Congress to repeal Sequestration –
especially for defense spending – legislative mandated spending caps still remain through 2020.3
3 It should be noted that since 2011, Congress has temporally lifted the spending caps three times through separate budget deals.
36
Figure 2. Defense Spending as a Share of Federal Spending and Gross Domestic Product
Source: US Department of Defense
0
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37
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Figure 3. National Defense Spending by Service, 1948 - 2018
Source: US Department of Defense
$0
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
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Cu
rren
t D
olla
rs (
Mill
ion
s U
SD)
ARMY NAVY AIR FORCE DEFENSE-WIDE
38
2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Overview of the Estimates The structure of this document remains the same as in
previous updates to present the reader with a seamless
transition from previous studies. Each section begins by
presenting the direct defense spending for that region and
is provided by spending type (procurement, salaries, and
transfers). It should be noted that direct procurement and
personnel spending flows are converted to employment
estimates at the county-level. These estimates are then
used as actual inputs into the model. As such, as with
previous updates, there are slight variations from the
spending totals that are presented at the beginning of each
section. This is done to account for changes in the sales per
worker figures over time – specifically as it relates to
procurement spending. For federal military employment,
federal civilian employment associated with DoD, and
National Guard employment (federal and state), we rely on
actual employment figures reported by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis (BEA) in each county.
For the National Guard figures, we rely on the state report on National Guard spending in Florida and calculate associated employment totals
utilizing those figures and then distribution those spending flows per the BEA estimates on employment and compensation. Civilian employment
totals, by place of residence, are provided by the BEA. However, these data are not parsed by federal workers, who are associated with the
military/National Guard/Coast Guard, etc. To obtain those figures, we utilized a ratio of federal military salaries to federal civilian salaries and
federal military payrolls to military and civilian employees in order to calculate the share of federal workers in a particular region that is associated
with the DoD. For the Coast Guard, much like with the federal military, we rely on BEA employment and compensation estimates and their
respective distributions. To estimate the impacts, we impute employment data, not salary data. Salary data are, however, a good benchmark for
the employment totals.
On the procurement side, we obtained data from the USAspending.gov (maintained by the U.S. Department of Treasury), which hosts every
contract for DoD, the DVA, and DHS. We separate DoD expenditures for the National Guard and “other” to get procurement totals for National
39
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Guard and federal military. We then utilize Coast Guard procurement flows through DHS to estimate Coast Guard procurements that flowed into
the state. Those data are available for each contract at the individual contract level. We aggregate those dollar values up to the county level by
NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) code to get the dollar values that flow into each industry sector in each county. We then
converted those dollar values into employment totals and utilized a matrix, which allowed us to calculate jobs based on spending in each six-digit
industry sector. Then, we aggregate those job totals up to the two-digit NAICS sector. To ensure that the data were comparable with the
employment data utilized previously, we utilized direct job impacts in each sector at the county level. For transfer payments, we calculated those
totals at the county level for each county in the State of Florida for the Coast Guard, National Guard, and military. Those data include retirement
payments to military and civilian workers as well as retirement payments to former National Guard members.
Also included were Coast Guard retirement payments,
medical benefits, etc. We include, in this category,
payments made through the DVA to disabled veterans for
pensions, health care, etc. We then enter those data into
the REMI PI+ model for every county in the State of Florida
and for each segment of impacts, yielding a 3x3 matrix of
impact outputs. We detailed impacts for military, National
Guard, and Coast Guard for salaries and wages and base
operating support contracts (encompasses the total
installation operational footprint), off-base procurement
contracts, and transfer payments. Those, in turn, a
together to estimate the total economic impact across the
various types of spending and for “defense activities” as a
whole. We reported this as the impact on employment
(including direct, indirect, and induced impacts) and
economic impact (which is the impact on GDP or Gross
Domestic Product, or at the state level, Gross State
Product and at the regional/county level, Gross Regional
Product). Strictly speaking, we modeled the simulated
effects of “removing” defense activities from the Florida economy. We thus took out defense activities and saw how large of a hole that left in the
model of Florida’s economy. Thus, our impact estimates, at the county level, measured the impact on County “X” of removing defense activities
from the entire Florida economy. Because county economies were interlinked in the model just as they are in the real world, that gave us a slightly
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larger impact figure than if we had simply removed defense activities from each county separately and reported the results. The same is true at
the regional level. Moreover, different types of spending had different impacts. The largest total impacts came from direct federal employment in
the military, National Guard, and Coast Guard. Thus, a region that had fewer dollars spent in salaries would show higher impacts than a region
that had more dollars in procurement or transfer payments. Further, county-to-county linkages and the presence of large military economies in
neighboring counties magnified the impacts in an interconnected county versus a county that was more isolated but had a large military presence.
Thus, in these models, the whole may well appear to be greater than the sum of the parts. Each of the impact sections that follow were laid out
in roughly the same manner with impacts for the given area under consideration reported on the first page with supporting facts and figures
reported on the pages following.
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Please see next page.
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State of Florida Summary The Homeland Security and Defense Cluster is recognized by Enterprise
Florida, Incorporated as one of Florida’s target industry clusters.
Constituting 9.2% of the state economy in 2016, this cluster is one of the
largest in Florida. As can be seen from the data presented in Table 1, the
state received nearly $40 billion in direct defense spending in 2016. The
data in the figure sum military spending with National Guard and Coast
Guard totals to form the Combined Direct Expenditure estimate. As the
data indicate, transfer payments accounted for the largest share of
expenditures at $18.2 billion (46%). Salaries brought an additional $7.4
billion (19%) to Florida, and procurement spending brought an additional
$14 billion. These dollars also generate indirect and induced impacts and,
when summed with total impacts, yield the estimates presented in Table 2.
Overall the military accounted for nearly 801,747 jobs in 2016 and just over
$84.9 billion in total Gross State Product (GSP - total value of all goods and
services produced in the state).
Table 1. State of Florida: Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions (Current USD)
Procurement $14,027.9
Salaries $7,361.9
Transfers $18,180.7
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $39,570.4
35%
19%
46%
Procurement
Salaries
Transfers
Figure 4. State of Florida: Distribution of Direct Defense
Expenditures
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Table 2. State of Florida: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $92,334.3 $97,979.0 $101,548.9 $101,208.6 $98,930.3
Total Employment 801,747 848,900 867,684 849,579 818,667
Gross State Product $84,939.5 $89,518.7 $92,502.7 $92,499.9 $91,189.6
Total Consumption $48,805.7 $50,488.7 $53,327.9 $54,648.3 $55,443.3
Investment Residential $13,152.8 $18,521.8 $19,805.1 $18,587.8 $16,259.4
Investment Non-residential $2,942.1 $3,898.1 $4,311.7 $4,280.4 $4,009.5
Producer's Durable Equipment $1,731.4 $3,085.9 $4,091.5 $4,819.6 $5,362.5
Business Inventories $292.7 $337.5 $350.6 $363.8 $375.4
Government $2,867.1 $4,050.7 $4,829.3 $5,247.1 $5,464.0
Exports $66,708.5 $66,113.9 $66,552.7 $66,454.8 $66,072.4
Imports (subtract) $51,560.8 $56,977.7 $60,766.0 $61,902.0 $61,796.9
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Based on historic and actual values, 5-year forecasts are also provided in Table 2. Based on these trends, REMI estimates total state-level impacts
are to exceed $92.5 billion by the year 2018 but then recede to just over $91 billion by 2020. By 2020, the defense spending is expected to support
nearly 819,000 jobs However, any drastic change to defense spending nationally could impact this forecast either putting downward pressure by
way of fiscal tightening or upward through fiscal expansion.
In addition to the employment and GSP estimates, Table 2 provide the constituent components of the GSP. As was explained in the introduction
direct defense expenditures expended in the state generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with total
impacts indicated in the table below. The impact categories are defined as follows:
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending,
wages, transfer payments, plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the
value of goods and services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care,
computers, furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate, as well as investment in producers’ durable
equipment and business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are
modeled.
Gross State Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the
total dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 3. Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GSP Jobs GSP Jobs GSP Jobs GSP Jobs
Employment $41,208.2 334,602 $4,523.9 36,623 $1,815.2 19,505 $47,547.4 390,730
Procurement $18,533.8 175,543 $31.8 301 $215.4 2,328 $18,781.0 178,172
Transfers $18,474.2 230,879 $4.3 55 $152.6 1,912 $18,631.1 232,846
Totals $78,216.3 741,024 $4,560.0 36,978 $2,183.2 23,745 $84,939.5 801,747
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Impacts by Type Impacts are provided separately for federal military, National Guard, and Coast Guard. We also separate the impacts by source (procurement,
employment, and transfers). Table 3 presents these impacts for 2016. As was the case with previous updates, federal military employment (as
separated from federal National Guard employment) accounts for the vast majority of the economic impacts—just over $78 billion of the $85
billion total (92%). More than half ($41B) of the federal military GSP impacts are tied to employment of federal military and federal civilian workers
(salaries). Procurement flows generate 178,172 jobs across Florida associated with federal military contracts. Transfer payments generate nearly
232,846 jobs as well. The National Guard generates nearly 37,000 jobs total (direct, indirect, and induced), the bulk of which is associated with
salaries. Procurement flows through the National Guard account for 2,328 jobs. The US Coast Guard generates nearly 24,000 jobs in the State of
Florida and adds $2.2 billion to Florida’s GSP. As with both federal military and the National Guard, the bulk of this is driven by employment of the
federal workforce associated with Coast Guard activities.
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to wages
and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which is inclusive of more than simply income. Figure 5 benchmarks the
total share of state income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the U.S. As the data reflect, the military contributes to a
slightly larger share of personal income at the state level than at the national level; however, as both the U.S. and Florida continue to diversify
their economies, military share of the total earnings have converged over time to approximately 1.2% of all earnings. This trend is expected to
continue through 2025.
Figure 5. Military Share of Total Earnings
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It allows us to benchmark the
earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For the state of Florida, military employees in 1980 had earnings which
totaled 114% of the state workforce’s average earnings level. This figure was 87% for the US as a whole. However, since 2000 the ratio of military
earnings to average total earnings increases substantially as military pay surged relative to both the state and the nation. By 2016, the Florida
earnings figure had risen to 157%, and for the US as a whole, the relative earnings ratio now stands at 120%. Through 2025, these ratios are
expected to continue to increase to 167% and 127%, respectively.
Figure 6. Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as a share of total employment for the state of Florida against the U.S. As the data indicate, in
1980 the military accounted for nearly 3% of Florida employment and 2% of U.S. employment. By 2016, these figures declined to 1% for both the
state and the US. These data indicate that the military does not directly contribute to as large a share of state employment as it once did. As the
state and national economies continue to diversify and total military employment remains relatively flat since the drastic drawdown in active duty
force post World War II through the end of the Cold War.
Figure 7. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980 The figure above benchmarks the size of military employment in the State of Florida against the 1980 total. For example, Florida military
employment in 1990 was 121% of the 1980 total. Five years later, in 1995, the military had declined to 92% relative to the 1980 benchmark size.
In subsequent years, the data show a continuing decline in military employment compared to the 1980 totals. Military employment, at the national
level, is currently about 80% of its 1980 totals, while at the state level, it is also hovers around 80%.
Figure 8. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980
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Florida’s Procurement Economy Federal military procurement is a key driver of Florida’s
high-wage, high-technology economy, generating, as we
noted in Table 3, about 178,172 jobs across the state.
These dollars drive a considerable amount of
employment in high value industries such as
manufacturing and professional and scientific services. In
Figure 9, defense-related procurement flows to Florida
are presented from 1995 through 2017 (blue line). 4
Florida procurement is then forecasted for the 2018 to
2022 period (red line). As was used in previous updates,
the forecasts presented in Figure 9 are based on DoD
projections for national Army, Navy, and Air Force
procurement spending. A regression is utilized to forecast
Florida’s share of these spending flows. As the data
shows, procurement was fairly flat for the period
between 1995 and 2002. However, in the post 9-11 era, procurement flows to the state have approximately doubled, rising from an average of
near $6.5 Billion per year pre 9-11 to $14 billion in the by 2016. Due to the industry in which these dollars flow – primarily manufacturing and
professional and scientific services – defense procurement spending has significant impacts to the Florida economy. While 2016 procurement
spending in the state was the highest ever, this elevated level is projected to decline beginning in 2017. In fact, preliminary data from the U.S.
Department of Treasury suggest procurement spending in Florida declined by nearly 13% between 2016 and 2017. With national procurement
projected to rise slightly through 2021, our forecast calls for an approximate 1% annual growth beginning in 2018.
4 While data for 2017 defense procurement is currently available, the economic impacts presented throughout this report are developed utilizing 2016 data to be consistent with other spending flows (salaries and transfer payments).
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Source: US Department of Treasury
Figure 9. Florida Procurement: Historic and Forecast, 1995 - 2021
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llars
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ligat
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ion
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SD)
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Procurement
Forecast
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Source: US Department of Treasury
As the data in Table 4 indicate, since 2009 Florida has been among the top states in total procurement flows, consistently ranking behind Virginia,
California, Texas, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. As is consistent with past years, procurement spending has mostly flowed into three of Florida’s
major industry sectors: construction, manufacturing, and professional, scientific, and technical services. As the data in Figure 10 (on next page)
demonstrate, manufacturing has been the overwhelming beneficiary of federal procurement dollars, raking in, in 2010 alone, approximately $6.1
billion—up from $3.3 billion in 2001. Although experiencing a decline during Sequestration, by 2016 Florida’s defense-related manufacturing sector
had fully rebounded with record setting expenditures of more than $8 billion – an increase of 70% over 2015. In fact, Florida’s defense
manufacturing sector led the way to Florida’s highest procurement spending on record at nearly $14 billion. Professional and technical services,
which is a key driver of the high-tech, high wage economy, increased nearly 13% from 2015 to over $3 billion. Construction, the third largest sector
in terms of procurement flows, while nowhere near the post BRAC highs during 2009 – 2011, did experienced increases of 20% over 2015.
Table 4. State Rankings: Procurement Contracts by Place of Performance, 2009 - 2016
Rank 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
1 CA CA VA CA CA VA CA CA
2 VA VA CA VA VA CA VA VA
3 TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX
4 MA FL AZ MD MD CT MD CT
5 FL MA CT MO AZ MD CT FL
6 MD MD MD AZ MA PA PA MD
7 AZ PA FL CT FL FL FL PA
8 PA CT PA PA CT AZ MA MO
9 CT AZ MA FL PA MA AL WA
10 MO MO AL MA MO AL AZ MA
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Figure 10. Defense Procurement by Industry, 2001 – 2016
Source: US Department of Treasury
Not surprisingly, these dollars support a wide range of occupations across the State of Florida. These occupations, along with their two-digit
Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) codes are displayed in the Table 5 (on next page). These are direct jobs and do not include the indirect
and induced jobs modeled earlier. However, as the data show, nearly 5.5% of all Florida jobs in the architecture and engineering occupations
(associated with profession and scientific services) are supported directly by federal procurement flows into the state. Nearly 3.75% of all
production occupations (closely tied to the manufacturing sector) are supported directly by procurement flows. As the data here indicate,
procurement dollars are critical to the successful growth of Florida’s high-wage, high-tech and high impact industry sectors, such as
professional/technical services and manufacturing. As the considerable growth in both industries since 2015 demonstrates, Florida has remained
a national leader in the defense industry by developing the necessary business infrastructure (business climate, workforce, defense assets, etc.)
to compete and win high value-added defense contacts.
$0
$2
$4
$6
$8
$10
$12
$14
$16
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Construction Manufacturing Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Other
CU
RR
ENT
DO
LLA
RS
(B
ILLI
ON
S)
Manufacturing
Grew by 70%
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Table 5. Occupations Generated by Procurement Spending, FY 2016
State of Florida
2 Digit SOC Job Descriptions Direct Jobs Percent of Florida Jobs
43 Office and Administrative Support Occupations 12,319 0.80%
51 Production Occupations 11,942 3.63%
17 Architecture and Engineering Occupations 6,011 5.32%
13 Business and Financial Operations Occupations 5,961 1.19%
15 Computer and Mathematical Occupations 4,425 2.10%
47 Construction and Extraction Occupations 4,351 0.93%
11 Management Occupations 3,646 0.88%
41 Sales and Related Occupations 3,355 0.28%
49 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations 2,969 0.76%
53 Transportation and Material-Moving Occupations 2,340 0.43%
23 Legal Occupations 1,474 1.47%
25 Education, Training, and Library Occupations 1,408 0.31%
37 Building & Grounds Cleaning & Maintenance Occupations 1,178 0.30%
29 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 1,103 0.20%
27 Arts, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations 1,054 0.72%
35 Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations 745 0.08%
19 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations 540 1.25%
31 Healthcare Support Occupations 395 0.15%
39 Personal Care and Service Occupations 255 0.08%
33 Protective Service Occupations 185 0.08%
21 Community and Social Services Occupations 125 0.11%
45 Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations 13 0.02%
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Please see next page.
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Regional Analysis Overview In the section that follows, an overview of regional impacts is provided. This analysis utilizes the same regions as in past updates, which include
the following:
Northwest Region
North Central Region
Northeast Region
East Central Region
Tampa Bay Region
South Central Region
Southeast Region
Southwest Region
Much like the state-level analysis in the previous section, an analysis of the impacts of defense spending on each of these eight regional economies
is provided. Each of these regional analyses is presented in precisely the same fashion. First, an overview of the defense-related expenditures
flowing into the region. This is inclusive of activities related to salaries and wages, procurement, and transfer payments for federal military (all
branches including civilians), the Coast Guard, and the National Guard. The economic impacts associated with these dollars across various metrics
are then provided, including Gross Regional Product (GRP), employment, sales, imports, exports, etc. Finally, these impacts are provided for each
type of spending activity across federal military, Coast Guard, and National Guard.
In addition to providing these impacts at the regional level, impacts are provided for each county within the region. Each section also contains an
overview of defense trends within the region over the past several decades, as well as projections going forward. This includes military employment
as a share of total employment, military pay relative to all wages, and trends in military employment. We then close with an overview of regional
demographic and economic conditions. We present a map of Florida’s eight economic regions on the following page. As the map and subsequent
analyses show, defense activities affect these regional economies in very different ways. For example, in Northwest Florida, defense activities
generate $22.1 billion in GRP and account for over 182,000 jobs. This represents over one-third (32%) of Northwest Florida’s entire regional
economic output. This is somewhat unsurprising because Northwest Florida is home to several major installations including the US’s largest Air
Force Base. In South Central Florida, the impact stands at $200 Million in GRP and just over 3,300 jobs. With no major installations located in that
region, the impacts are much smaller. What these data do demonstrate is that every single region in the State of Florida is affected by defense-
related activities regardless of whether major installations are located in the region. This is also true at the county-level, as we will shortly outline
in our county-level analyses. Moreover, as the data demonstrate, these impacts come in decidedly different forms.
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Figure 11. County Groupings for Regions
Table 6. Regional Impacts as a Percent of Whole
Region GRP
(Billions USD) Job Impact
% of Region’s
Economy
Northwest $22.1 182,449 32.0%
East Central $17.4 166,406 9.1%
Tampa Bay $17.1 163,071 7.6%
Southeast $12.4 127,832 3.3%
Northeast $12.3 115,965 14.3%
Southwest $1.9 23,625 3.9%
North Central $1.4 19,074 4.7%
South Central $0.2 3,325 3.1%
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Northwest Florida Region
Northwest Florida Summary The Northwest Florida Region includes Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty,
Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington Counties.
Defense is a major industry in this region with multiple major
installations, one of which is the largest U.S. military reservation
(Eglin Air Force Base). Military spending, summed with the National
Guard and the Coast Guard, totals to the Combined Direct
Expenditure estimates as indicated in Table 7. As presented in Figure
12, salaries accounted for the largest share at 42% or roughly $3.3
billion of the $8 billion total. Transfers accounted for 32%, and
procurement spending accounted for 26%.
Table 7. Northwest Region: Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions (Current USD)
Procurement $2,069.1
Salaries $3,345.8
Transfers $2,590.8
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $8,005.7
26%
42%
32%
Procurement
Salaries
Transfers*
Figure 12. Northwest Region: Distribution of Direct Defense Expenditures
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Table 8. Northwest Florida Region: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $13,911.4 $14,985.2 $15,508.1 $15,349.4 $14,881.7
Total Employment 182,449 193,148 196,822 192,704 186,092
Gross Regional Product $22,124.5 $23,075.0 $23,618.0 $23,542.2 $23,253.5
Total Consumption $10,764.2 $11,342.8 $12,015.9 $12,328.6 $12,509.9
Investment Residential $2,935.6 $4,189.8 $4,505.3 $4,241.6 $3,715.4
Investment Non-residential $598.4 $768.2 $837.9 $823.4 $763.7
Producer's Durable Equipment $350.3 $628.4 $830.5 $972.7 $1,075.1
Business Inventories $28.2 $32.8 $33.9 $34.8 $35.5
Government $696.6 $911.1 $1,058.4 $1,136.5 $1,178.7
Exports $22,990.4 $23,016.1 $23,164.8 $23,067.6 $22,969.7
Imports (subtract) $16,212.8 $17,814.1 $18,828.7 $19,063.1 $18,994.5
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
As presented in Table 8, defense activities accounted for about 182,449 jobs in the Northwest Florida Region in 2016 and over $22 billion in total
Gross Regional Product (GRP - total value of all goods and services produced in the region). The military therefore accounted for approximately
32% (Table 10) of all economic activity in the region. The total impact of defense activities on the regional economy is forecast to increase slightly
through 2020. Consequently, employment impacts are forecast to be about 186,092 in 2020. This amounts to nearly 3,500 more jobs in the region
by that time as a result of defense activities.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the state generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with total
impacts indicated in the table below. The impact categories are defined as follows:
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending,
wages, transfer payments, plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value
of goods and services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care,
computers, furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate, as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment
and business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are
modeled.
Gross State Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 9. Northwest Region: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GSP Jobs GSP Jobs GSP Jobs GSP Jobs
Employment $15,912.2 124,271 $1,486.0 9,789 $91.4 1,059 $17,489.6 135,119
Procurement $2,787.3 23,228 $0.0 0 $103.1 1,194 $2,890.4 24,422
Transfers $1,732.4 22,770 $0.3 2 $11.8 136 $1,744.4 22,908
Totals $20,431.9 170,269 $1,486.3 9,791 $206.3 2,389 $22,124.5 182,449
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Regional Impacts by Type The data in the table above display a 4x4 matrix of the impacts by type for 2016. This includes procurement, federal military employment (salaries
and wages), and transfers for the military, National Guard, and Coast Guard. The GRP impacts (in 2016 US Dollars) are displayed next to the
employment impacts. The total impacts across all categories are displayed in the bottom right-hand corner. As the data indicate, employment for
the military generate the most jobs in the region (135,119), followed by procurement for the military at over 24,000. Transfers account for nearly
23,000 jobs as well. The data in Table 10 (next page) display combined expenditures across the three categories for each county followed by the
economic impacts in terms of GRP and Employment. As the data show, the military accounts for about 67% of all economic output in Okaloosa
County, which equates to roughly 72,000 jobs. This is followed by Escambia, Santa Rosa, and Bay Counties - all of which have major military
installations.
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Table 10. Northwest Region: Defense Impacts by County, 2016
Millions USD
County
Model Inputs –
Combined Expenditures
Model Outputs –
Combined Impacts
Procurement Transfers Salaries and
Wages Total GDP Employment Percent GDP
Bay $401.1 $359.2 $330.4 $1,090.7 $2,527.8 22,720 25.2%
Calhoun $0.0 $17.1 $0.5 $17.6 $9.9 215 4.4%
Escambia $309.0 $628.0 $1,254.4 $2,191.4 $7,614.4 60,589 43.2%
Franklin -$0.1 $12.4 $0.4 $12.7 $12.0 184 2.8%
Gadsden $5.4 $33.8 $21.9 $61.1 $37.2 552 3.1%
Gulf $0.0 $11.2 $0.5 $11.7 $17.4 247 3.7%
Holmes $0.1 $25.1 $0.9 $26.1 $14.4 345 5.0%
Jackson $0.0 $49.2 $2.0 $51.2 $34.9 572 3.0%
Jefferson $0.0 $26.4 $0.6 $27.0 $9.1 177 3.7%
Leon $47.6 $174.6 $20.1 $242.3 $350.0 4,298 2.3%
Liberty $0.0 $2.9 $0.3 $3.1 $5.7 77 3.2%
Okaloosa $1,254.3 $724.3 $1,652.1 $3,630.8 $9,739.5 72,097 67.4%
Santa Rosa $51.0 $417.7 $52.2 $520.9 $1,438.5 15,826 36.3%
Wakulla $0.0 $19.0 $1.1 $20.2 $15.7 279 2.8%
Walton $0.4 $72.5 $7.5 $80.4 $277.0 3,867 10.0%
Washington $0.1 $17.5 $0.9 $18.5 $21.0 399 4.6%
Total $2,069.1 $2,590.8 $3,345.8 $8,005.7 $22,124.5 182,449 32.0%
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to wages
and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure above
benchmarks the total share of the Northwest Florida regional income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the State of Florida
and the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a substantially larger share of personal income in Northwest Florida than at
the state and national levels, although this has declined over the past few decades and is projected to continue a slight downward trend through
2025.
Figure 13. Military Share of Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Northwest Florida Region
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to benchmark
the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For the Northwest Florida Region, military employees in 1980 had
earnings which totaled 145% of the Northwest Florida workforce’s average earnings level. This figure was 114% for the State of Florida and 87%
for the US as a whole. By 2016, the Northwest Florida earnings figure had risen to 212%. State comparative earnings ticked up to 157%, and for
the US as a whole, the relative earnings ratio now stands at 120%.
Figure 14. Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and Northwest Florida Region
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as a share of total employment for the Northwest Florida Region against the State of Florida
and the US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for 9% of Northwest Florida employment, 2.5% of Florida employment, and just
over 2% of US employment. By 2016, these figures declined to 4.5%, .85% and .85%, respectively. These data indicate that the military does not
directly contribute to as large a share of regional employment as it once did.
Figure 15. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Northwest Florida Region
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Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980 The figure below benchmarks the size of military employment in the Northwest Florida Region against the 1980 total. For example, military
employment in 1990 was 109% of the 1980 total. By 2000, the military had risen to 109% of its 1980 size and then dropped to 102% by 2005.
Overall, we note that military employment, relative to the 1980 totals, has increased for the region, with military employment in 2016 increased
to approximately 106% of its 1980 level. Military employment at the national level, however, is currently at 80% of its 1980 totals, while at the
state level, it is also approximately 81%. These percentages are expected to remain stable through 2025 for all regions.
Figure 16. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Northwest Florida Region
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew at 10.1%. The
region is expected to experience continuing growth of 13.8% through 2027. With respect to annual wages (wages do not include benefits provided
by employer), the region’s average annual wage is approximately $43,000, compared to the state average of $46,000.
Table 11. Demographic Estimates: Northwest Florida Region
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 1,342,847
Population in 2017 1,478,340
Population in 2027 1,681,884
Growth from 2007 to 2017 10.1%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 13.8%
Income
Average Regional Wage (2017) $42,999
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Number of Households (2017) 577,339
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the information, government, and manufacturing sectors are the region’s highest earners, with government employing the most workers. The
education and health services industry is projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years – growing at 18%. This, along with
the financial activities industry, are among the highest earners (greater than the region’s average) with positive growth of at least 10% expected
over the next decade.
Figure 17. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Northwest Florida Region
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(25%) (20%) (15%) (10%) (5%) 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%Ea
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ork
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10-Year GrowthAgriculture, natural resources, and mining
Construction
Education and health services
Financial activities
Government
Information
Leisure and hospitality
Manufacturing
Other services
Professional and business services
Trade, transportation, and utilities
Average Earnings Per Worker
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
North Central Florida Region
North Central Florida Regional Summary The North Central Florida Region includes Alachua, Bradford, Columbia, Dixie,
Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lafayette, Levy, Madison, Marion, Suwannee, Taylor, and
Union Counties. As in years past, defense activities play a role in the regional
economy primarily as a function of transfer payments to retirees, veterans,
etc. Military spending, summed with the National Guard and the Coast Guard,
totals to the Combined Direct Expenditure estimates as indicated in Table 12.
Transfer payments accounted for the largest share at roughly $1.1 billion
(81%) of the $1.4 billion total. Salaries accounted for $94.4 million (7%), and
procurement accounted for $166 million (12%).
Table 12. North Central Region: Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $166.3
Salaries $94.4
Transfers $1,090.2
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $1,350.9
12%
7%
81%
Procurement
Salaries
Transfers
Figure 18. Northwest Florida Region: Distribution of Direct Defense Expenditures
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Table 13. North Central Region: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $1,804.5 $2,020.6 $2,136.2 $2,149.6 $2,116.9
Total Employment 19,074 21,298 22,334 22,235 21,732
Gross Regional Product $1,433.3 $1,606.4 $1,708.8 $1,735.5 $1,728.9
Total Consumption $1,549.1 $1,644.4 $1,758.8 $1,834.3 $1,898.9
Investment Residential $417.4 $597.5 $646.6 $617.2 $554.0
Investment Non-residential $67.7 $92.3 $104.2 $105.1 $99.8
Producer's Durable Equipment $38.5 $70.3 $94.6 $112.7 $126.6
Business Inventories $4.2 $4.8 $4.8 $4.5 $4.2
Government $98.8 $159.0 $200.5 $225.6 $240.9
Exports $916.1 $948.5 $967.7 $964.1 $948.6
Imports (subtract) $1,659.3 $1,910.3 $2,068.4 $2,128.1 $2,144.1
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Overall, as presented in Table 13, defense activities accounted for just over 19,000 jobs in the North Central Florida Region in 2016 and just over
$1.4 billion in total Gross Regional Product (GRP - total value of all goods and services produced in the region). The military therefore accounted
for approximately 4.7% (Table 15) of all economic activity in the region. The total impact of defense activities on the regional economy is forecast
to increase through 2020 with an impact to GRP of $1.7 billion. As a result, employment impacts are forecast to be 21,732 by 2020—a net increase
of about 2,650 jobs in the region as a result of defense activities.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the region generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and
investment with total impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows:
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending,
wages, transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the
value of goods and services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care,
computers, furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable
equipment and business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are
modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents
the total dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 14. North Central Region: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GSP Jobs GSP Jobs GSP Jobs GSP Jobs
Employment $652.8 6,052 $59.6 706 $10.2 140 $722.5 6,899
Procurement $161.5 2,159 $0.1 1 $0.6 8 $162.2 2,168
Transfers $544.1 9,945 $0.0 0 $4.5 62 $548.6 10,007
Totals $1,358.4 18,156 $59.7 707 $15.2 211 $1,433.3 19,074
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Regional Impacts by Type The data in the table above display a 4x4 matrix of the impacts by type for 2016. This includes procurement, federal military employment (salaries
and wages), and transfers for the military, National Guard, and Coast Guard. The GRP impacts (in 2016 US Dollars) are displayed next to the
employment impacts. The total impacts across all categories are displayed in the bottom right-hand corner. As the data indicate, transfer payments
to veterans and military retirees generate the most jobs in the region (10,007), followed by federal employment for the military at over 6,900.
Defense procurement accounted for nearly 2,200 jobs as well. The data in Table 15 (next page) display combined expenditures across the three
categories for each county followed by the economic impacts in terms of GRP and Employment. As the data show, the military accounts for about
14.8% of all economic output in Taylor County, which equates to roughly 1,100 jobs. For the remaining counties, the military accounts for between
1% and 7% of their respective economies.
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Table 15. North Central Region - Defense Impacts by County, 2016
Millions USD
County
Model Inputs –
Combined Expenditures
Model Outputs –
Combined Impacts
Procurement Transfers Salaries and
Wages Total GDP Employment Percent GDP
Alachua $18.5 $291.1 $53.1 $362.7 $559.4 6,400 4.0%
Bradford $9.5 $40.7 $1.0 $51.1 $26.8 537 4.5%
Columbia $2.1 $135.8 $2.7 $140.6 $87.6 1,190 4.1%
Dixie $0.1 $24.9 $0.6 $25.6 $10.9 204 4.7%
Gilchrist $0.0 $22.0 $0.6 $22.7 $13.3 221 4.2%
Hamilton $0.0 $14.9 $0.5 $15.4 $5.8 77 1.2%
Lafayette -$0.4 $6.0 $0.3 $5.9 $2.2 52 1.7%
Levy $0.8 $62.7 $2.9 $66.4 $50.4 801 6.8%
Madison $0.0 $15.6 $0.7 $16.3 $13.6 202 3.3%
Marion $3.0 $394.1 $28.9 $426.0 $510.9 7,549 5.3%
Suwannee $0.0 $54.5 $1.7 $56.2 $35.7 583 3.5%
Taylor $132.8 $18.5 $1.0 $152.2 $107.9 1,098 14.8%
Union $0.0 $9.4 $0.4 $9.8 $8.7 161 3.3%
Total $166.3 $1,090.2 $94.4 $1,350.9 $1,433.3 19,074 4.7%
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to wages
and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure below
benchmarks the total share of the North Central regional income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the State of Florida and
the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a slightly smaller share of personal income – about .75% - in North Central Florida
than at the state and national levels. This trend is expected to remain stable through 2025.
Figure 19. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the North Central Region
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to benchmark
the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For the North Central Florida Region, military employees in 1980
had earnings which totaled 50% of the North Central Florida workforce’s average earnings level. This figure was 114% for the State of Florida and
87% for the US as a whole. By 2016, the North Central Florida earnings figure had risen to 105%. State comparative earnings ticked up to 157%,
and for the US as a whole, the relative earnings ratio now stands at 120%.
Figure 20. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the North Central Region
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment
The figure below benchmarks military employment as a share of total employment for the North Central Florida Region against the State of Florida
and the US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for 0.7% of North Central Florida employment, nearly 3% of Florida employment,
and 2% of US employment. By 2016, these figures declined to 0.5%, 1% and 1% respectively. These data indicate that the military does not directly
contribute to as large a share of regional employment as it once did.
Figure 21. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the North Central Region
0.0%
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Change in Military Employment The figure below benchmarks the size of military employment in the North Central Florida Region against the 1980 total. For example, military
employment in 1985 was 129% of the 1980 total. By 2010, the military had risen to 148% of its 1980 size. Overall, we note that military
employment, relative to the 1980 totals, has increased in the region, with military employment in 2016 standing at approximately 140% of its 1980
level. However, military employment at the national level is currently at 81% of its 1980 totals, and, at the state level, it is also 81%. This trend is
expected to remain stable through 2025.
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Figure 22. Total Military employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the North Central Region
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew at 7.5%. The
region is expected to experience continuing growth of 16.8% through 2027. With respect to annual wages (wages do not include benefits provided
by employer), the region’s average annual wage is approximately $37,000, compared to the state average of $46,000.
Table 16. Demographic Estimates, North Central Florida Region
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 856,487
Population in 2017 920,625
Population in 2027 1,075,697
Growth from 2007 to 2017 7.5%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 16.8%
Income
Average Regional Wage (2017) $37,322
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Number of Households (2017) 363,601
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the information, government, and manufacturing sectors are the region’s highest earners, with government employing the most workers. The
education and health services industry is projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years – growing at 22%. This, along with
the manufacturing industry, are among the highest earners (greater than the region’s average) with positive growth of at least 10% expected over
the next decade.
Figure 23. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – North Central Florida Region
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(20%) (15%) (10%) (5%) 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
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Construction
Education and health services
Financial activities
Government
Information
Leisure and hospitality
Manufacturing
Other services
Professional and business services
Trade, transportation, and utilities
Average Earnings Per Worker
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Northeast Florida Region
Northeast Florida Regional Summary The Northeast Florida Region includes Baker, Clay, Duval, Flagler, Nassau,
Putnam, and St. Johns Counties. Defense activities play a substantial role in
the regional economy, injecting over $5.2 billion in spending into the region
in 2016. Military spending, summed with the National Guard and the Coast
Guard, totals to the Combined Direct Expenditure estimates as indicated in
Table 17. Transfer payments accounted for the largest share at $2.1 billion
(41%) of the $5.2 billion total. Salaries accounted for $1.7 billion (32%), and
procurement accounted for $1.4 billion (27%).
Table 17. Northeast Region: Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $1,396.9
Salaries $1,690.0
Transfers $2,130.1
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $5,217.1
27%
32%
41%
Procurement
Salaries
Transfers
Figure 24 . Northeast Region: Distribution of Direct Defense
Expenditures
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Table 18. Northeast Region: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $12,299.9 $13,150.1 $13,551.9 $13,356.5 $12,886.5
Total Employment 115,965 121,728 123,585 120,148 114,971
Gross Regional Product $12,339.4 $12,950.8 $13,301.1 $13,200.0 $12,919.0
Total Consumption $6,971.9 $7,219.3 $7,592.3 $7,734.3 $7,788.1
Investment Residential $1,893.1 $2,670.9 $2,849.1 $2,660.0 $2,305.0
Investment Non-residential $391.6 $507.5 $554.1 $545.1 $506.0
Producer's Durable Equipment $219.6 $392.0 $518.2 $608.5 $674.9
Business Inventories $34.9 $39.6 $40.1 $40.5 $40.8
Government $434.6 $557.1 $640.4 $683.0 $703.3
Exports $9,309.7 $9,269.9 $9,303.9 $9,270.9 $9,215.5
Imports (subtract) $6,964.8 $7,705.4 $8,196.9 $8,342.1 $8,314.6
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Overall, defense activities yielded 115,965 jobs in the Northeast Florida Region in 2016 and just over $12.3 billion in total Gross Regional Product
(GRP - total value of all goods and services produced in the region). The military therefore accounted for approximately 14.3% (Table 20) of all
economic activity in the region. The impact of defense activities on the region’s GRP is forecast to increase through 2020 to $12.9 billion; however,
employment is projected to decline slightly to 114,971. Because increases to GRP are minimal $600 million, the decline in overall employment is
attributed to productive gains in the region.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the region generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with total
impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows:
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Table 19. Northeast Region: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GSP Jobs GSP Jobs GSP Jobs GSP Jobs
Employment $7,672.8 63,424 $996.7 8,423 $173.2 1,912 $8,842.7 73,759
Procurement $1,771.8 16,748 $31.2 299 $2.7 30 $1,805.7 17,077
Transfers $1,668.4 24,874 $4.4 54 $18.2 201 $1,691.0 25,129
Totals $11,113.1 105,046 $1,032.2 8,776 $194.1 2,143 $12,339.4 115,965
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Regional Impacts by Type The data in the table above display a 4x4 matrix of the impacts by type for 2014. This includes procurement, federal military employment (salaries
and wages), and transfers for the military, National Guard, and Coast Guard for 2016. The GRP impacts (in 2016 US Dollars) are displayed next to
jobs estimates. The total impacts across all categories are displayed in the bottom right-hand corner. As the data indicate, federal military
employment generate the most jobs in the region (73,759), followed by transfer payments at 25,000, and procurement contracts at just over
17,000. The data in Table 20 (next page) display combined expenditures across the three categories for each county followed by the economic
impacts in terms of GRP and Employment. As the data show, the military accounts for about 16.1% of all economic output in Duval County, which
equates to nearly 95,000 jobs. This is followed by Clay County and Flagler County.
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Table 20. Northeast Region - Defense Impacts by County, 2016
Millions USD
County
Model Inputs –
Combined Expenditures
Model Outputs –
Combined Impacts
Procurement Transfers Salaries and
Wages Total GDP Employment Percent GDP
Baker $0.0 $21.3 $1.0 $22.4 $23.5 421 4.6%
Clay $40.4 $466.6 $178.1 $685.2 $634.0 9,317 13.1%
Duval $1,217.0 $1,136.6 $1,476.2 $3,829.8 $10,971.8 94,886 16.1%
Flagler $16.8 $137.8 $7.5 $162.1 $129.0 1,765 6.7%
Nassau $0.5 $93.9 $3.1 $97.4 $101.8 1,566 4.6%
Putnam $0.5 $87.3 $4.5 $92.3 $84.4 1,122 5.2%
St. Johns $121.9 $186.5 $19.6 $328.0 $394.8 6,890 5.8%
Total $1,396.9 $2,130.1 $1,690.0 $5,217.1 $12,339.4 115,964 14.3%
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to
wages and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure above
benchmarks the total share of the Northeast Florida regional income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the State of
Florida and the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a larger share of personal income in Northeast Florida than at the
state and national levels, although, this has declined over the past few decades.
Figure 25. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Northeast Florida Region
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to
benchmark the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For the Northeast Florida Region, military employees
in 1980 had earnings which totaled 118% of the Northeast Florida workforce’s average earnings level. This figure was 114% for the State of
Florida and 87% for the US as a whole. By 2016, the Northeast Florida earnings figure had risen to 169%. State comparative earnings ticked up to
157%, and for the US as a whole, the relative earnings ratio now stands at 120%.
Figure 26. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Northeast Florida Region
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as a share of total employment for the Northeast Florida Region against the State of Florida
and the US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for 8% of Northeast Florida employment, nearly 3% of Florida employment, and
2% of US employment. By 2016, these figures declined to less than 2%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. These data indicate that the military does not
directly contribute to as large a share of regional employment as it once did.
Figure 27.Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Northeast Florida Region
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Change in Military Employment The figure above benchmarks the size of military employment in the Northeast Florida Region against the 1980 total. For example, military
employment in 1985 was 120% of the 1980 total. However, by 2010, the military had shrunk to 60% of its 1980 size. Overall, we note that
military employment, relative to the 1980 totals, has declined. Indeed, military employment at the national level is currently at 81% of its 1980
totals, while at the state level, it is also approximately 81%. For the Northeast Florida Region, military employment in 2016 stands at
approximately 48% of its 1980 level.
Figure 28. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Northeast Florida Region
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew at 14.8%. The
region is expected to experience continuing growth of 18.6% through 2027. With respect to annual wages (wages do not include benefits provided
by employer), the region’s average annual wage is approximately $48,200, compared to the state average of $46,000.
Table 21. Demographic Estimates, Northeast Florida Region
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 1,472,411
Population in 2017 1,689,835
Population in 2027 2,003,407
Growth from 2007 to 2017 14.8%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 18.6%
Income
Average Regional Wage (2017) $48,277
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Number of Households (2017) 660,410
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the information, government, and financial activities sectors are the region’s highest earners, with government employing the most workers. The
education and health services industry is projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years – growing at 22%. This, along with
the manufacturing industry, are among the highest earners (greater than the region’s average) with positive growth of at least 10% expected over
the next decade.
Figure 29. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Northeast Florida Region
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
East Central Florida Region
East Central Florida Region Summary The East Central Florida Region includes Brevard, Lake, Orange, Osceola,
Seminole, Sumter, and Volusia Counties. Defense activities play a sizeable role
in the regional economy primarily—on the direct side—as a function of
procurement expenditures in the region. Military spending, summed with the
National Guard and the Coast Guard, totals to the Combined Direct
Expenditure estimates as indicated in Table 22. Procurement spending
accounted for the largest share at 64% or roughly $7.4 Billion of the $11.7
billion total. Salaries accounted for 5%, and transfers accounted for 31%.
Table 22. East Central Region: Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $7,478.7
Salaries $577.4
Transfers $3,640.9
Total Combined Direct
Expenditures $11,697.0
64%5%
31% Procurement
Salaries
Transfers
Figure 30. East Central Region: Distribution of Direct Defense Expenditures
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Table 23. East Central Region: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $26,136.6 $26,471.8 $27,058.0 $27,147.8 $26,814.5
Total Employment 166,406 171,401 173,967 170,633 164,606
Gross Regional Product $17,395.6 $17,779.6 $18,269.3 $18,353.7 $18,152.8
Total Consumption $9,612.2 $9,776.0 $10,266.9 $10,536.7 $10,693.7
Investment Residential $2,560.0 $3,567.1 $3,787.3 $3,546.7 $3,099.2
Investment Non-residential $661.0 $872.0 $952.8 $939.6 $877.2
Producer's Durable Equipment $398.5 $692.9 $906.0 $1,061.0 $1,178.0
Business Inventories $159.9 $185.2 $197.4 $212.3 $226.0
Government $572.5 $866.1 $1,048.4 $1,149.1 $1,202.4
Exports $14,887.9 $14,124.5 $14,103.6 $14,193.7 $14,195.2
Imports (subtract) $11,541.7 $12,304.1 $12,993.1 $13,285.4 $13,318.9
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Overall, defense activities accounted for 166,406 jobs in the East Central Florida Region in 2016 and nearly $17.4 billion in total Gross Regional
Product (GRP - total value of all goods and services produced in the region). The military therefore accounted for approximately 9.1% (Table 25)
of all economic activity in the region. The total impact of defense activities on the regional economy is forecast to grow through 2020 to $18.2
billion in GRP with employment declining slightly to just under 165,000.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the region generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with total
impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows:
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 24. East Central Region: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs
Employment $4,297.9 31,532 $412.3 3,835 $113.6 1,226 $4,823.8 36,593
Procurement $8,387.0 79,624 $0.0 0 $8.2 89 $8,395.2 79,713
Transfers $4,143.2 49,739 $0.0 0 $33.4 361 $4,176.6 50,099
Totals $16,828.1 160,895 $412.3 3,835 $155.2 1,676 $17,395.6 166,406
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Regional Impacts by Type The data in the table above display a 4x4 matrix of the impacts by type for 2016. This includes procurement, federal military employment
(salaries and wages), and transfers for the military, National Guard, and Coast Guard. The GRP impacts (in 2016 US Dollars) are displayed next to
the jobs impacts. The total impacts across all categories are displayed in the bottom right-hand corner. As the data show, military procurement
spending flows generate the most jobs in the region (79,713), followed by transfers at 50,000, while federal military employment account for
about 36,500. The data in Table 25 (on the following page) display combined expenditures across the three categories for each county followed
by the economic impacts in terms of GRP and Employment. The military accounts for 21.5% of all economic activity in Brevard County - a total of
49,568 jobs.
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Table 25. East Central Region - Defense Impacts by County, 2016
Millions USD
County
Model Inputs –
Combined Expenditures
Model Outputs –
Combined Impacts
Procurement Transfers Salaries and
Wages Total GDP Employment Percent GDP
Brevard $2,995.9 $992.8 $244.9 $4,233.5 $5,267.1 49,568 21.5%
Lake $7.1 $414.9 $13.8 $435.8 $505.4 7,766 5.7%
Orange $4,356.1 $963.4 $115.7 $5,435.2 $8,756.9 74,581 8.4%
Osceola $1.3 $276.7 $12.2 $290.2 $479.7 5,875 4.6%
Seminole $77.8 $316.0 $161.0 $554.9 $1,403.4 15,969 6.3%
Sumter $3.7 $137.0 $4.0 $144.7 $135.1 1,743 5.1%
Volusia $36.7 $540.0 $25.7 $602.5 $848.1 10,906 4.9%
Total $7,478.7 $3,640.9 $577.4 $11,697.0 $17,395.6 166,406 9.1%
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to
wages and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure above
benchmarks the total share of the East Central Florida regional income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the State of
Florida and the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a slightly smaller share of personal income in East Central Florida
than at the state and national levels.
Figure 31. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the East Central Florida Region
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to
benchmark the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For the East Central Florida Region, military
employees in 1980 had earnings which totaled 109% of the East Central Florida workforce’s average earnings level. This figure was 114% for the
State of Florida and 87% for the US as a whole. By 2016, the East Central Florida earnings figure had declined slightly to 106%. State comparative
earnings ticked up to 156%, and for the US, as a whole, the relative earnings ratio now stands at 120%.
Figure 32. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the East Central Region
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as a share of total employment for the East Central Florida Region against the State of
Florida and the US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for 3% of East Central Florida employment, nearly 3% of Florida
employment, and 2% of US employment. By 2016, these figures declined to 0.5%, 1%, and 1% respectively. These data indicate that the military
does not directly contribute to as large a share of regional employment as it once did. The slight downward trend is continue through 2025.
Figure 33. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the East Central Florida Region
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Change in Military Employment The figure below benchmarks the size of military employment in the East Central Florida Region against the 1980 total. For example, military
employment in 1985 was 108% of the 1980 total. However, by 2010, the military had shrunk to 42% of its 1980 size. Overall, we note that
military employment, relative to the 1980 totals, has declined. Indeed, military employment at the national level is currently at 81% of its 1980
totals, while at the state level, it is also approximately 81%. For the East Central Florida Region, military employment in 2016 stands at
approximately 41% of its 1980 level. This trend is expected to remain stable through 2025.
Figure 34. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the East Central Florida Region
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew nearly 19%.
The region is expected to experience 29% growth through 2027. With respect to the annual wages, the region’s average annual wage is just over
$46,500, compared to the state average of $46,000.
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
Table 26. Demographic Estimates, East Central Florida Region
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 3,178,620
Population in 2017 3,776,213
Population in 2027 4,872,023
Growth from 2007 to 2017 18.8%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 29.0%
Income
Average Regional Wage (2017) $46,652
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Number of Households (2017) 1,469,577
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the information and manufacturing sectors are the region’s highest earners, with trade, transportation, and utilities employing the most workers.
However, the education and health services industry is projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years – growing at 23%. This
industry, along with construction and financial activities, are among the highest earners (greater than the region’s average) with positive growth
of at least 10% expected over the next decade.
Figure 35. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – East Central Florida Region
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Average Earnings Per Worker
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23%
12%
66%
Procurement
Salaries
Transfers
Figure 36. Tampa Bay Region: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending
Tampa Bay Florida Region
Tampa Bay Florida Region Summary The Tampa Bay Florida Region includes Citrus, Hernando, Hillsborough, Manatee, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, and Sarasota Counties.
Defense activities play a consequential role in the regional economy
generating nearly $7.5 billion in spending. Military spending,
summed with the National Guard and the Coast Guard, totals to the
Combined Direct Expenditure estimates as indicated in Table 27.
Transfer payments accounted for the largest share at 66% or roughly
$4.9 billion of the $7.5 billion total. Salaries accounted for 12%, and
procurement accounted for 23%.
Table 27. Tampa Bay Region: Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $1,725.3
Salaries $868.1
Transfers $4,940.2
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $7,533.5
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Table 28. Tampa Bay Region: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $21,189 $22,907 $23,909 $23,857 $23,320
Total Employment 163,071 176,399 181,394 177,834 171,297
Gross Regional Product $17,073 $18,394 $19,155 $19,186 $18,897
Total Consumption $10,838 $11,200 $11,843 $12,155 $12,365
Investment Residential $2,900 $4,082 $4,369 $4,109 $3,607
Investment Non-residential $652 $876 $978 $977 $920
Producer's Durable Equipment $378 $680 $908 $1,077 $1,205
Business Inventories $31 $36 $36 $34 $33
Government $589 $861 $1,040 $1,137 $1,188
Exports $11,203 $11,223 $11,337 $11,306 $11,194
Imports (subtract) $9,419 $10,565 $11,357 $11,609 $11,615
Totals may not sum due to rounding
Overall, defense activities accounted for about 163,071 jobs in the Tampa Bay Florida Region in 2016 and over $17 billion in total Gross Regional
Product (GRP - total value of all goods and services produced in the region). The military therefore accounted for approximately 7.6% (Table 30)
of all economic activity in the region. The total impact of defense activities on the regional economy is forecast to increase. Employment impacts
are forecast to be 171,297 in 2020. This amounts to about 8,200 more jobs in the region by that time as a result of defense activities.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the region generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with total
impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows:
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 29. Tampa Bay Region: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs
Employment $6,063.4 48,501 $832.6 6,856 $484.8 5,196 $7,380.8 60,552
Procurement $3,534.5 33,856 $0.0 0 $37.2 335 $3,571.8 34,191
Transfers $6,068.7 67,709 $0.0 0 $51.7 619 $6,120.5 68,329
Totals $15,666.7 150,066 $832.6 6,856 $573.7 6,149 $17,073.0 163,071
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Regional Impacts by Type The data in the table above display a 4x4 matrix of the impacts by type for 2016. This includes procurement, federal military employment (salaries
and wages), and transfers for the military, National Guard, and Coast Guard for 2014. The GRP impacts (in 2016 US Dollars) are displayed next to
the job impacts. The total impacts across all categories are displayed in the bottom right-hand corner. As the data indicate, transfer payments
generate the most jobs in the region (68,329), followed by federal military employment with 60,500, and then procurement with 34,000. The data
in Table 30 (on following page) display combined expenditures across the three categories for each county followed by the economic impacts in
terms of GRP and Employment. As the data show, the military accounts for over 10% of all economic output in Hillsborough County, which equates
to 78,250 jobs. This is followed by Pinellas and Hernando counties.
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Table 30. Tampa Bay Region - Defense Impacts by County, 2016
(Millions USD)
County
Model Inputs –
Combined Expenditures
Model Outputs –
Combined Impacts
Procurement Transfers Salaries and
Wages Total GDP Employment Percent GDP
Citrus $0.0 $206.2 $18.7 $224.9 $208.6 2,969 6.0%
Hernando $6.8 $233.5 $19.7 $260.1 $266.2 4,395 7.4%
Hillsborough $1,032.7 $1,638.9 $637.4 $3,308.9 $9,749.8 78,250 10.1%
Manatee $22.6 $281.4 $15.4 $319.4 $520.5 6,786 3.7%
Pasco $23.0 $575.1 $19.3 $617.4 $709.0 9,996 6.7%
Pinellas $596.7 $1,239.9 $112.5 $1,949.0 $4,066.1 40,887 7.5%
Polk $28.8 $479.1 $29.9 $537.7 $935.4 11,673 4.1%
Sarasota $14.7 $286.2 $15.2 $316.1 $617.5 8,112 3.2%
Total $1,725.3 $4,940.2 $868.1 $7,533.5 $17,073.0 163,071 7.6%
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to wages
and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure above
benchmarks the total share of the Tampa Bay regional income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the State of Florida and
the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a slightly smaller share of personal income in the Tampa Bay region than at the
state and national levels.
Figure 37. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Tampa Bay Florida Region
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to benchmark
the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For the Tampa Bay Region, military employees in 1980 had earnings
which totaled 95% of the workforce’s average earnings level. This figure was 114% for the State of Florida and 87% for the US as a whole. By 2016,
the Tampa Bay region’s earnings figure had risen 147%. State comparative earnings ticked up to 157%, and for the US, as a whole, the relative
earnings ratio now stands at 120%. A slight upward trend is expected through 2025.
Figure 38. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Tampa Bay Florida Region
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as a share of total employment for the Tampa Bay Region against the State of Florida and the
US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for 1.25% of the Tampa Bay region’s employment, nearly 3% of Florida employment, and
2% of US employment. By 2016, these figures declined to 0.63%, .85%, and 1% respectively. These data indicate that the military does not directly
contribute to as large a share of regional employment as it once did.
Figure 39. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Tampa Bay Florida Region
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Change in Military Employment The figure below benchmarks the size of military employment in the Tampa Bay Region against the 1980 total. For example, military employment
in 1985 was 116% of the 1980 total. However, by 2010, the military had remained stable at 117% of its 1980 size. Overall, we note that military
employment has experienced volatility between 1980 and 2016; however, by 2016 it still remained 115% of 1980 totals. Indeed, military
employment at the national level is currently at 81% of its 1980 totals, while at the state level, it is also approximately 81%.
Figure 40. Total Military employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Tampa Bay Florida Region
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew nearly 14%.
The region is expected to experience 18.6% growth through 2027. With respect to the annual wages, the region’s average annual wage is nearly
$45,000, compared to the state average of $46,000.
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
Table 31. Demographic Estimates, Tampa Bay Florida Region
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 4,145,471
Population in 2017 4,719,029
Population in 2027 5,598,225
Growth from 2007 to 2017 13.8%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 18.6%
Income
Average Regional Wage (2017) $44,916
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Number of Households (2017) 1,940,476
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the information and financial activities sectors are the region’s highest earners, with trade, transportation, and utilities employing the most
workers. However, the education and health services industry is projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years – growing at
19%. This industry, along with construction, are among the highest earners (greater than the region’s average) with positive growth of at least
10% expected over the next decade.
Figure 41. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Tampa Bay Florida Region
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Average Earnings Per Worker
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South Central Florida Region
South Central Florida Region Summary The South Central Florida Region includes DeSoto, Glades, Hardee, Hendry,
Highlands, and Okeechobee Counties. Defense activities play a role in the
regional economy, injecting over $240 million in spending into the region in
2016. Military spending, summed with the National Guard and the Coast
Guard, totals to the Combined Direct Expenditure estimates as indicated in
Table 32. Transfer payments accounted for the largest share at 76% or roughly
$185 million of the $243 million total. Salaries accounted for 5% ($13M), and
procurement accounted for 19% ($45M).
Table 32. South Central Region Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $45.2
Salaries $13.0
Transfers $184.9
Total Combined Direct
Expenditures $243.1
19%
5%
76%
Procurement
Salaries
Transfers
Figure 42. South Central Region: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending
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Table 33. South Central Region: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $261.3 $288.5 $302.8 $302.5 $296.2
Total Employment 3,325 3,592 3,697 3,635 3,517
Gross Regional Product $210.4 $231.8 $243.7 $245.1 $242.2
Total Consumption $238.7 $243.9 $256.9 $265.3 $273.5
Investment Residential $63.5 $88.3 $93.6 $87.6 $77.5
Investment Non-residential $15.9 $21.5 $24.3 $24.5 $23.2
Producer's Durable Equipment $8.1 $14.7 $19.7 $23.4 $26.2
Business Inventories $0.5 $0.7 $0.7 $0.7 $0.7
Government $8.8 $14.2 $17.6 $19.3 $20.2
Exports $148.1 $158.1 $164.6 $164.2 $160.6
Imports (subtract) $273.0 $309.6 $333.7 $340.1 $339.7
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Overall, defense activities accounted for 3,325 jobs in the South Central Region in 2016 and $210 million in total Gross Regional Product (GRP -
total value of all goods and services produced in the region). The military therefore accounted for approximately 3.1% (Table 35) of all economic
activity in the region. The total impact of defense activities on the regional economy is forecast to grow. Employment impacts are forecast to be
3,517 in 2020. This amounts to about 200 more jobs in the region by that time as a result of defense activities.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the region generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with total
impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows:
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 34. South Central Region: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs
Employment $60.6 962 $7.3 96 $1.8 30 $69.7 1,088
Procurement $40.4 642 $0.1 1 $0.1 2 $40.6 646
Transfers $99.4 1,579 $0.0 0 $0.7 11 $100.1 1,591
Totals $200.4 3,184 $7.4 97 $2.7 44 $210.4 3,325
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Regional Impacts by Type The data in the table above display a 4x4 matrix of the impacts by type for 2016. This includes procurement, federal military employment (salaries
and wages), and transfers for the military, National Guard, and Coast Guard. The GRP impacts (in 2016 US Dollars) are displayed next to the jobs
impacts. The total impacts across all categories are displayed in the bottom right-hand corner. As the data indicate, transfer payments generate
the most jobs in the region (1,591), followed by federal military employment with just over 1,000 and then procurement with 646 jobs. The data
in Table 35 (on the following page) display combined expenditures across the three categories for each county followed by the economic impacts
in terms of GRP and Employment. As the data show, the military accounts for over between 2% and 4.5% of each county’s economy.
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Table 35. South Central Region - Defense Impacts by County, 2016
(Millions USD)
County
Model Inputs –
Combined Expenditures
Model Outputs –
Combined Impacts
Procurement Transfers Salaries and
Wages Total GDP Employment Percent GDP
DeSoto $0.4 $14.8 $1.3 $16.5 $14.5 263 1.9%
Glades $18.9 $13.4 $0.6 $32.8 $11.0 271 4.5%
Hardee $0.0 $11.0 $1.0 $12.0 $21.9 235 2.8%
Hendry $7.0 $16.9 $2.6 $26.5 $31.1 469 2.1%
Highlands $8.5 $97.4 $6.0 $111.9 $94.6 1,498 3.9%
Okeechobee $10.5 $31.4 $1.5 $43.4 $37.4 587 3.3%
Total $45.2 $184.9 $13.0 $243.1 $210.4 3,325 3.1%
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to wages
and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure above
benchmarks the total share of the South Central regional income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the State of Florida and
the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a slightly smaller share of personal income in South Central Florida than at the
state and national levels.
Figure 43. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 -2025: United States, Florida, and the South Central Florida Region
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to benchmark
the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For the South Central Region, military employees in 1980 had
earnings which totaled 62% of the region’s average earnings level. This figure was 114% for the State of Florida and 87% for the US as a whole. By
2016, the South Central Florida’s earnings figure had risen to 98%. State comparative earnings ticked up to 158%, and for the US, as a whole, the
relative earnings ratio now stands at 120%.
Figure 44. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the South Central Region
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as a share of total employment for the South Central Region against the State of Florida and
the US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for 1% of South Central Florida employment, 2.5% of Florida employment, and 2% of
US employment. By 2016, these figures declined to 0.5%, .85%, and 1%, respectively. These data indicate that the military does not directly
contribute to as large a share of regional employment as it once did.
Figure 45. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 -2025: United States, Florida, and the South Central Region
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Change in Military Employment The figure above benchmarks the size of military employment in the South Central Region against the 1980 total. For example, military employment
in 1985 was 139% of the 1980 total. However, by 2010, the military had shrunk to 99% of its 1980 size. Overall, we note that military employment,
relative to the 1980 totals, has declined. Indeed, military employment at the national level is currently at 81% of its 1980 totals, while at the state
level, it is also approximately 81%. For the South Central Region, military employment in 2016 stands at approximately 92% of its 1980 level.
Figure 46. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the South Central Florida Region
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew at just over
3%. The region is expected to experience nearly 10% growth through 2027. With respect to the annual wages, the region’s average annual wage
is approximately $30,500, compared to the state average of $46,000.
Table 36. Demographic Estimates, South Central Florida Region
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 252,252
Population in 2017 260,665
Population in 2027 286,460
Growth from 2007 to 2017 3.3%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 9.9%
Income
Average Regional Wage (2017) $30,566
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Number of Households (2017) 95,404
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the information and manufacturing sectors are the region’s highest earners, with agriculture, natural resources, and mining employing the most
workers. However, the construction industry is projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years – growing at 24%. This industry,
along with manufacturing and education and health services, are among the highest earners (greater than the region’s average) with positive
growth of at least 10% expected over the next decade.
Figure 47. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – South Central Florida Region
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(20%) (15%) (10%) (5%) 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%Ea
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Construction
Education and health services
Financial activities
Government
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Leisure and hospitality
Manufacturing
Other services
Professional and business services
Trade, transportation, and utilities
Average Earnings Per Worker
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Southeast Florida Region
Southeast Florida Region Summary The Southeast Florida Region includes Broward, Miami- Dade, Indian River,
Martin, Monroe, Palm Beach, and St. Lucie Counties. Defense activities play
a significant role in the regional economy, injecting about $4.6 billion in
spending into Southeast Florida in 2016. Military spending, summed with the
National Guard and the Coast Guard, totals to the Combined Direct
Expenditure estimates as indicated in Table 37. Transfer payments accounted
for the largest share at 62% or roughly $2.8 billion of the $4.6 billion total.
Salaries accounted for 14% ($650M), and procurement accounted for 24%
($1B).
Table 37. Southeast Region: Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $1,087.5
Salaries $648.2
Transfers $2,822.9
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $4,558.6
Figure 48. Southeast Region: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending
24%
14%62%
Procurement
Salaries
Transfers
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Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Overall, defense activities accounted for 127,832 jobs in the Southeast Region in 2016 and nearly $12.5 billion in total Gross Regional Product (GRP
- total value of all goods and services produced in the region). The military therefore accounted for approximately 3.3% (Table 40) of all economic
activity in the region. The total impact of defense activities on the regional economy is forecast to increase by just over $1 billion in 2020.
Employment impacts are forecast to be 130,625 in 2020, which amounts to about 3,000 more jobs in the region by that time as a result of defense
activities
Direct defense expenditures expended in the region generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with total
impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows:
Table 38. Southeast Region: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $14,448.9 $15,512.4 $16,256.8 $16,225.5 $15,877.7
Total Employment 127,832 134,973 138,430 135,484 130,625
Gross Regional Product $12,449.5 $13,290.3 $13,875.4 $13,895.2 $13,696.2
Total Consumption $7,330.7 $7,462.7 $7,890.9 $8,045.4 $8,133.4
Investment Residential $1,974.2 $2,742.8 $2,922.3 $2,728.5 $2,374.0
Investment Non-residential $477.7 $638.1 $716.9 $718.9 $679.1
Producer's Durable Equipment $290.7 $519.1 $692.1 $817.9 $911.7
Business Inventories $31.4 $35.4 $35.3 $34.4 $33.5
Government $400.5 $572.7 $684.8 $740.7 $766.1
Exports $6,674.9 $6,738.2 $6,860.2 $6,857.8 $6,794.8
Imports (subtract) $4,718.5 $5,418.7 $5,927.1 $6,048.4 $5,996.4
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 39. Southeast Region: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow
Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GSP Jobs GSP Jobs GSP Jobs GSP Jobs
Employment $5,563.4 49,019 $654.8 6,062 $908.9 9,563 $7,127.1 64,646
Procurement $1,733.8 17,842 $0.0 0 $61.4 646 $1,795.2 18,486
Transfers $3,502.2 44,273 $0.0 0 $25.0 427 $3,527.1 44,700
Totals $10,799.4 111,134 $654.8 6,062 $995.3 10,636 $12,449.5 127,832
Totals may not sum due to round.
Regional Impacts by Type The data in the table above display a 4x4 matrix of the impacts by type for 2016. This includes procurement, federal military employment (salaries
and wages), and transfers for the military, National Guard, and Coast Guard for 2014. The GRP impacts (in 2016 US Dollars) are displayed next to
the job impacts. The total impacts across all categories are displayed in the bottom right-hand corner. As the data indicate, federal military
employment for the military generate the most jobs in the region (64,646), followed by transfer payments with 44,700 and then procurement with
roughly 18,500. The data in Table 40 (on the following page) display combined expenditures across the three categories for each county followed
by the economic impacts in terms of GRP and Employment. As the data show, the military accounts for over 20% of all economic output in Monroe
County, which equates to 8,292 jobs. Defense activities constitutes between 2.7% and 4% of the remaining counties’ economies.
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TABLE 40. SOUTHEAST REGION - DEFENSE IMPACTS BY COUNTY, 2016
MILLIONS USD
County
Model Inputs –
Combined Expenditures
Model Outputs –
Combined Impacts
Procurement Transfers Salaries and
Wages Total GDP Employment Percent GDP
Broward $311.1 $754.1 $103.4 $1,168.6 $3,053.9 32,816 2.8%
Indian River $68.0 $129.5 $5.8 $203.2 $236.9 2,811 4.0%
Martin $62.3 $125.3 $10.0 $197.6 $255.7 3,528 3.6%
Miami-Dade $274.2 $725.1 $336.8 $1,336.1 $5,459.4 52,904 3.5%
Monroe $63.0 $85.1 $99.4 $247.5 $928.9 8,292 19.9%
Palm Beach $301.7 $751.4 $75.0 $1,128.1 $2,216.8 22,990 2.7%
St. Lucie $7.4 $252.3 $17.8 $277.5 $297.8 4,493 4.0%
Total $1,087.5 $2,822.9 $648.2 $4,558.6 $12,449.5 127,832 3.3%
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to wages
and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure above
benchmarks the total share of the Southeast Florida regional income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the State of Florida
and the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a slightly smaller share of personal income in Southeast Florida than at the
state and national levels.
Figure 49. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 -2025: United States, Florida, and the Southeast Region
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to benchmark
the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For the Southeast Region, military employees in 1980 had earnings
which totaled 80% of the region’s average earnings level. This figure was 114% for the State of Florida and 87% for the US as a whole. By 2016,
Southeast Florida’s earnings figure had risen slightly to 100%. State comparative earnings ticked up to 158%, and for the US, as a whole, the relative
earnings ratio now stands at 120%.
Figure 50. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 -2025: United States, Florida, and the Southeast Region
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as a share of total employment for the Southeast Region against the State of Florida and the
US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for 1% of the Southeast region’s employment, nearly 3% of Florida employment, and 2%
of US employment. By 2016, these figures declined to 0.5%, .85%, and 1% respectively. These data indicate that the military does not directly
contribute to as large a share of regional employment as it once did.
Figure 51. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Southeast Region
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Change in Military Employment The figure below benchmarks the size of military employment in the Southeast Region against the 1980 total. For example, military employment
in 1985 was 112% of the 1980 total. However, by 2010, the military had shrunk to 92% of its 1980 size. Overall, we note that military employment,
relative to the 1980 totals, has declined. Indeed, military employment at the national level is currently at 81% of its 1980 totals, while at the state
level, it is also approximately 81%. For the East Central Florida Region, military employment in 2014 stands at approximately 41% of its 1980 level.
Figure 52. Total military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Southeast Region
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew at 14%. The
region is expected to experience nearly 19% growth through 2027. With respect to the annual wages, the region’s average annual wage is
approximately $48,500, compared to the state average of $46,000.
Table 41. Demographic Estimates, Southeast Florida Region
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 6,040,859
Population in 2017 6,888,993
Population in 2027 8,192,170
Growth from 2007 to 2017 14.0%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 18.9%
Income
Average Regional Wage (2017) $48,584
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Number of Households (2017) 2,628,643
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the information and financial activities sectors are the region’s highest earners, with trade, transportation, and utilities employing the most
workers. However, the education and health services industry is projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years – growing at
20%. This industry, along with construction, are among the highest earners (greater than the region’s average) with positive growth of at least
10% expected over the next decade.
Figure 53. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Southeast Florida Region
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Agriculture, natural resources, and miningConstructionEducation and health servicesFinancial activitiesGovernmentInformationLeisure and hospitalityManufacturingOther servicesProfessional and business servicesTrade, transportation, and utilities
Industry Concentration and Growth
2017-2027
Average Earnings Per Worker
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Southwest Florida Region
Southwest Florida Region Summary The Southwest Florida Region includes Charlotte, Collier, and Lee
Counties. Defense activities play a role in the regional economy
primarily as a function of transfer payments to retirees, veterans, etc.
Military spending, summed with the National Guard and the Coast
Guard, totals to the Combined Direct Expenditure estimates as
indicated in Table 42. Transfer payments accounted for the largest
share at 81% or roughly $781 million of the $965 million total.
Salaries accounted for 13% ($125M), and procurement accounted for
6% ($59M).
Table 42. Southwest Region: Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $59.0
Salaries $124.9
Transfers $780.7
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $964.6
6%
13%
81%
Procurement
Salaries
Transfers
Figure 54. Southwest Region: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending
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Totals may not sum due to round.
Overall, defense activities accounted for 23,625 jobs in the Southwest Florida Region in 2016 and just over $1.9 billion in total Gross Regional
Product (GRP - total value of all goods and services produced in the region). The military therefore accounted for approximately 3.9% (Table 45)
of all economic activity in the region. The total impact of defense activities on the regional economy is forecast to increase slightly to $2.3 billion
in 2020. Employment impacts are forecast to be 25,896 in 2020. This amounts to about 2,000 more jobs in the region by that time as a result of
defense activities.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the region generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with total
impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows:
Table 43. Southwest Region: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $2,168.6 $2,515.4 $2,692.4 $2,691.0 $2,615.6
Total Employment 23,625 26,368 27,465 26,945 25,896
Gross Regional Product $1,933.7 $2,184.4 $2,322.4 $2,335.3 $2,297.4
Total Consumption $1,485.8 $1,566.2 $1,669.6 $1,715.9 $1,749.6
Investment Residential $399.6 $571.3 $618.9 $586.3 $518.1
Investment Non-residential $80.8 $119.7 $140.5 $144.1 $137.6
Producer's Durable Equipment $46.7 $87.5 $120.2 $144.5 $162.8
Business Inventories $2.2 $2.8 $2.7 $2.5 $2.2
Government $64.4 $108.0 $137.8 $154.6 $163.4
Exports $715.8 $770.8 $787.0 $766.7 $730.9
Imports (subtract) $859.4 $1,041.8 $1,154.3 $1,179.3 $1,167.1
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 44. Southwest Region: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow
Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs
Employment $985.0 10,841 $74.7 854 $30.9 379 $1,090.7 12,074
Procurement $117.9 1,444 $0.0 0 $2.0 24 $119.9 1,468
Transfers $715.4 9,988 $0.0 0 $7.8 95 $723.2 10,083
Totals $1,818.4 22,273 $74.7 854 $40.6 498 $1,933.7 23,625
Totals may not sum due to round.
Regional Impacts by Type The data in the table above display a 4x4 matrix of the impacts by type for 2016. This includes procurement, federal military employment (salaries
and wages), and transfers for the military, National Guard, and Coast Guard. The GRP impacts (in 2016 US Dollars) are displayed next job impacts.
The total impacts across all categories are displayed in the bottom right-hand corner. As the data indicate, federal military employment generate
the most jobs in the region (12,074), followed by transfer payments at 10,100, and then procurement with 1,500 jobs. The data in Table 45 (on
the following page) display combined expenditures across the three categories for each county followed by the economic impacts in terms of GRP
and Employment. As the data show, the military accounts for between 2.8% and 4.5% of each counties’ respective economy.
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Table 45. Southwest Region - Defense Impacts by County, 2016
Millions USD
County
Model Inputs –
Combined Expenditures
Model Outputs –
Combined Impacts
Procurement Transfers Salaries and
Wages Total GDP Employment Percent GDP
Charlotte $7.3 $196.3 $7.3 $210.8 $192.4 3,037 4.3%
Collier $39.2 $160.6 $30.9 $230.7 $488.0 5,712 2.8%
Lee $12.5 $423.9 $86.7 $523.1 $1,253.4 14,878 4.5%
Total $59.0 $780.7 $124.9 $964.6 $1,933.7 23,625 3.9%
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to wages
and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure above
benchmarks the total share of the Southwest regional income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the State of Florida and
the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a slightly smaller share of personal income in Southwest Florida than at the state
and national levels.
Figure 55. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 -2025: United States, Florida, and the Southwest Region
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to benchmark
the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For the Southwest Region, military employees in 1980 had earnings
which totaled 37% of the region’s average earnings level. This figure was 114% for the State of Florida and 87% for the US as a whole. By 2016, the
Southwest earnings figure had risen to 76%. State comparative earnings ticked up to 158%, and for the US, as a whole, the relative earnings ratio
now stands at 120%.
Figure 56. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 -2025: United States, Florida, and the Southwest Florida Region
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as a share of total employment for the Southwest Region against the State of Florida and the
US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for .5% of the Southwest region’s employment, nearly 3% of Florida employment, and 2%
of US employment. By 2016, these figures declined to 0.5%, .85%, and 1%, respectively. These data indicate that the military does not directly
contribute to as large a share of regional employment as it once did.
Figure 57. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Southwest Region
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Change in Military Employment The figure above benchmarks the size of military employment in the Southeast Region against the 1980 total. For example, military employment
in 1985 was 161% of the 1980 total. However, by 2010, the military had increased to 244% of its 1980 size. Overall, we note that military
employment, relative to the 1980 totals, has increased substantially. Indeed, military employment at the national level is currently at 81% of its
1980 totals, while at the state level, it is also approximately 81%. For the Southwest Region, military employment in 2016 stands at approximately
253% of its 1980 level.
Figure 58. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and the Southwest Region
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew at just over
21%. The region is expected to experience nearly 40% growth through 2027. With respect to the annual wages, the region’s average annual wage
is approximately $41,000, compared to the state average of $46,000.
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
Table 46. Demographic Estimates, Southwest Florida Region
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 1,078,895
Population in 2017 1,308,996
Population in 2027 1,827,079
Growth from 2007 to 2017 21.3%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 39.6%
Income
Average Regional Wage (2017) $40,916
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Number of Households (2017) 550,893
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the information, financial activities, and government sectors are the region’s highest earners, with trade, transportation, and utilities employing
the most workers. However, the education and health services industry is projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years –
growing at 20%. This industry, along with construction, are among the highest earners (greater than the region’s average) with positive growth of
at least 10% expected over the next decade.
Figure 59. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Southwest Florida Region
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Education and health services
Financial activities
Government
Information
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Trade, transportation, and utilities
Average Earnings Per Worker
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County Analysis Overview In this section, we provided an analysis of the impacts of defense activities on
economies of counties that were heavily affected by defense activities. These
counties, for the most part, are home to military installations and/or
significantly affected by neighboring installations. Counties discussed in the
county analyses include:
Bay
Bradford
Brevard
Clay
Duval
Escambia
Highlands
Hillsborough
Miami-Dade
Monroe
Okaloosa
Orange
Pinellas
Polk
Santa Rosa
The county impact data are reported in sections that were arrayed in precisely the same fashion. We open each analysis with an overview of the
flow of defense-related spending, by type, into the county and included basic data about the counties and the installations located therein. The
expenditure data are inclusive of activities related to salaries and wages, procurement, and transfer payments for all federal military branches
(including civilians), the Coast Guard, and the National Guard (including state and federal spending). We present the economic impacts across
various measures that include Gross Regional Product (GRP), employment, sales, imports, exports, etc.
Following this, we look at the economic impacts of each type of spending activity to include procurement, federal employment (salaries and
wages), and transfer payments across the military, Coast Guard, and National Guard. This provides an overview of the types of spending flows, for
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each county, that have the greatest impact. Each section also contains an overview of defense trends within the county over the past several
decades as well as projections going forward. This includes military employment as a share of total employment, military pay relative to all wages,
and trends in military employment. We then close with an overview of county-level demographic and economic conditions.
Table 47 (on the following page) present each of the counties included in the analysis. As the data here, and subsequent analyses, show, defense
activities affect county-level economies in very different ways. Okaloosa County, for example, received approximately $3.6 billion in direct military
spending in 2016. When modeled, the military impacts account for a 67% of total Gross Regional Product (GRP) in the county and over 72,000
jobs. Orange County, a prime beneficiary of procurement flows, received a $5.4 billion injection of defense related dollars in 2016. That equaled
8.4% of the county’s GRP and accounted for over 74,000 jobs.
As we note elsewhere, every county in the State of Florida is affected by defense-related activities regardless of whether major installations are
located in the county. We outline the impacts for counties that are heavily affected by defense activities here. We capture approximately 80% of
the total impact of defense activities on the Florida economy within the fifteen county analyses that we present here. Those counties are
responsible for about $68 billion of the $85 billion total impact, and they account for over 593,000 of the total 801,747 jobs generated.
Naturally, those impacts are generated in very different ways. Orange County’s defense economy is almost totally procurement based. Other
counties, such as Okaloosa, strike a finer balance—although direct employment of federal and civilian workers by DoD drives the bulk of the impact
in that county. Those data, and a holistic consideration of the overall impacts, demonstrate that Florida’s county economies have relationships
with different facets of defense activities, the nuances of which only appear as the data are parsed out at the regional and county levels. These
data conclusively demonstrate that Florida’s defense economy is about far more than a DoD personnel presence in the state.
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Table 47. Economic Impacts of Select Counties, 2016 Millions USD
County Direct Defense Spending GRP Employment Percent GDP
Bay $1,090.7 $2,527.8 22,720 25.2%
Bradford $51.1 $26.8 537 4.5%
Brevard $4,233.5 $5,267.1 49,568 21.5%
Clay $685.2 $634.0 9,317 13.1%
Duval $3,829.8 $10,971.8 94,886 16.1%
Escambia $2,191.4 $7,614.4 60,589 43.2%
Highlands $111.9 $94.6 1,498 3.9%
Hillsborough $3,308.9 $9,749.8 78,250 10.1%
Miami-Dade $1,336.1 $5,459.4 52,904 3.5%
Monroe $247.5 $928.9 8,292 19.9%
Okaloosa $3,630.8 $9,739.5 72,097 67.4%
Orange $5,435.2 $8,756.9 74,581 8.4%
Pinellas $1,949.0 $4,066.1 40,887 7.5%
Polk $537.7 $935.4 11,673 4.1%
Santa Rosa $520.9 $1,438.5 15,826 36.3%
State of Florida $39,570.4 $84,939.5 801,747 9.2%
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Bay County
Bay County Summary Location: Northwest Florida Region
Home to: Naval Support Activity
Panama City
Tyndall Air Force Base
Naval Support Activity Panama City’s mission is to provide research,
development, test and evaluation, and in service support for expeditionary,
amphibious warfare, diving, maritime special operations, and mine warfare.
Tyndall Air Force Base is the home of the 325th Fighter Wing, which
conducts advanced training for F-22 pilots, maintenance personnel, air
traffic and weapon controllers, and F-22 specific intelligence personnel.
Economic Impact Estimates Defense activities play a substantial role in the Bay County economy. Military
spending, summed with the National Guard and the Coast Guard, totals to
the Combined Direct Expenditure estimates presented in Table 48.
Procurement accounted for the largest share at 37% or roughly $401 million
of the $1.09 billion total. Salaries accounted for 30%, and transfers
accounted for 33%.
Table 48. Bay County : Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $401.1
Salaries $330.4
Transfers $359.2
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $1,090.7
Figure 60. Bay County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending
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Transfers
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Table 49. Bay County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $2,051.8 $2,136.7 $2,184.7 $2,160.5 $2,099.7
Total Employment 22,720 23,597 23,829 23,232 22,365
Gross Regional Product $2,527.8 $2,611.3 $2,663.9 $2,651.0 $2,613.4
Total Consumption $1,268.3 $1,318.4 $1,385.0 $1,413.9 $1,429.0
Investment Residential $341.2 $481.5 $512.6 $478.2 $415.1
Investment Non-residential $75.3 $94.2 $101.0 $98.1 $90.3
Producer's Durable Equipment $44.2 $77.8 $101.6 $118.2 $130.1
Business Inventories $9.6 $11.1 $11.8 $12.5 $13.2
Government $81.9 $108.9 $126.3 $134.9 $139.2
Exports $2,542.6 $2,496.3 $2,495.8 $2,486.3 $2,476.4
Imports (subtract) $1,835.0 $1,976.9 $2,070.2 $2,091.0 $2,079.9
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Overall, the military accounted for over 22,700 jobs in Bay County in 2016 and about $2.5 Billion in total Gross Regional Product (GRP - total value
of all goods and services produced in the region), which is roughly 25.2% of the county’s estimated 2016 Gross Regional Product. The total impact
for the county is forecast to continue to grow between 2016 and 2018. Defense activities are forecast to generate 23,829 jobs in 2018. This is over
1,100 job impact increase by 2018.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the region generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with total
impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows:
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 50. Bay County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs
Employment $1,431.3 12,225 $214.5 1,637 $20.0 197 $1,665.9 14,059
Procurement $514.9 4,416 $0.0 0 $91.3 895 $606.5 5,311
Transfers $252.7 3,322 $0.0 0 $2.4 28 $255.4 3,350
Totals $2,198.5 19,963 $214.5 1,637 $113.7 1,120 $2,527.8 22,720
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Military Impacts by Type The data in Table 50 display the military impacts by type across the various categories. This includes impacts generated by procurement, federal
military (salaries and wages), and transfers and impacts generated by the military, the Coast Guard, and the National Guard. As the data in the
table show, federal military, Coast Guard and National Guard employees have the highest impact—generating over 14,000 jobs across the county.
Procurement flows generate 5,311 jobs and transfer payments generate 3,350 jobs. The bulk of these jobs are generated by the military (19,963)
with the Coast Guard and the National Guard combining to generate fewer than 2,800 jobs in the county.
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to wages
and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure above
benchmarks the total share of Bay County, Florida’s income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the Northwest Florida Region,
the State of Florida, and the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a substantially larger share of personal income in Bay
County than at the state and national levels and a slightly smaller share than the Northwest Florida Region, although the total percentage has
declined over the past few decades.
Figure 61. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and Bay County Florida
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to benchmark
the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For Bay County, military employees in 1980 had earnings which
totaled 141% of the Bay County workforce’s average earnings level. For Northwest Florida, this figure was 145%, for Florida, 114%, and for the US
as a whole, it was 87%. By 2016, the Bay County earnings figure had risen to 202%, and Northwest Florida had risen to 212%. State comparative
earnings ticked up to 157%, and for the US as a whole, the relative earnings ratio now stands at 120%.
Figure 62. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 -2025: United States, Florida, and Bay County Florida
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as a share of total employment for Bay County against the Northwest Florida Region, the state,
and the US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for 11% of Bay County employment, 9% of Northwest Florida employment, nearly
3% of Florida employment, and 2% of US employment. By 2016, these figures declined to 4%, 5%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. These data indicate
that the military does not directly contribute to as large a share of county employment as it once did.
Figure 63. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and Bay County Florida
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Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980 The figure above benchmarks the size of military employment in Bay County against the 1980 total. For example, military employment in 1985 for
Bay County was 111% of the 1980 total. However, by 2010 the military had shrunk to 82% of its 1980 size. Overall, we note that military
employment, relative to the 1980 totals, has declined. Indeed, military employment at the national level is currently 80% of its 1980 totals, while
at the state level, it is approximately 80%. For Bay County, military employment in 2016 stands at approximately 81% of its 1980 level once did.
Figure 64. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, and Bay County Florida
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew at just over
13%. The region is expected to experience nearly 16% growth through 2027. With respect to the annual wages, the region’s average annual wage
is approximately $43.500, compared to the state average of $46,000. The County’s median household income – a measure of income earned by
all members of a household - is just over $49,600 compared to the state’s median household income of $53,000.
Table 51. Demographic Estimates, Bay County
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 165,345
Population in 2017 186,972
Population in 2027 216,544
Growth from 2007 to 2017 13.1%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 15.8%
Income
Average County Wage (2017) $43,586
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Median County Household Income (2017) $49,619
Median Florida Household Income (2017) $53,046
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the manufacturing and government sectors are the region’s highest earners, with government also employing the most workers. However, the
agriculture, natural resources, and mining industry is projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years – growing at 30%. The
education and health services, government, and manufacturing industries are among the highest earners (greater than the region’s average) with
positive growth of at least 10% expected over the next decade.
Figure 65. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Bay County
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Bradford County
Bradford County Summary Location: North Central Florida Region
Home to: Camp Blanding Joint Training
Center
Camp Blanding Joint Training Center (Bradford and Clay Counties) is the
primary training facility for the Florida Army National Guard and serves the
training needs for active Army and Reserve units as well as Army and Air
National Guard units. It is capable of billeting 3,500 soldiers and has over 50
live-fire ranges that can accommodate light weapons, including mortars and
artillery.
Economic Impact Estimates Military spending, summed with the National Guard and the Coast Guard,
totals to the Combined Direct Expenditure estimates as indicated in Table 52
to the right. Overall, defense activities injected just over $51.1 million into the
Bradford County economy in 2016. Approximately 80% of this total was in the
form of transfers.
Table 52. Bradford County: Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $9.5
Salaries $1.0
Transfers $40.7
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $51.1
19%
2%
80%
Procurment
Salaries
Transfers
Figure 66. Bradford County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending
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Table 53. Bradford County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $40.4 $44.6 $46.6 $46.6 $45.7
Total Employment 537 592 614 608 589
Gross Regional Product $26.8 $30.3 $32.3 $32.8 $32.6
Total Consumption $55.3 $58.3 $61.5 $63.5 $65.1
Investment Residential $14.5 $20.7 $22.1 $20.9 $18.5
Investment Non-residential $1.6 $2.1 $2.3 $2.3 $2.2
Producer's Durable Equipment $0.9 $1.6 $2.1 $2.5 $2.8
Business Inventories $0.1 $0.1 $0.1 $0.1 $0.1
Government $2.6 $4.1 $5.1 $5.6 $6.0
Exports $20.7 $22.2 $23.0 $23.0 $22.4
Imports (subtract) $68.7 $78.6 $84.0 $85.1 $84.4
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Overall, the military accounted for 537 jobs in Bradford County, in 2016, and $26.8 million in total Gross Regional Product (GRP - total value of all
goods and services produced in the region), which is roughly 4.5% of the county’s total estimated 2016 Gross Regional Product (GRP). The total
impact for the county is forecast to increase somewhat between 2016 and 2020. Defense activities are forecast to generate 589 jobs in 2020. This
is 52 more jobs than in 2016.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the region generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with total
impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows:
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 54. Bradford County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs
Procurement $6.4 129 $0.1 1 $0.1 1 $6.5 131
Employment $5.0 101 $1.1 17 $0.2 3 $6.3 121
Transfers $14.0 284 $0.0 0 $0.1 1 $14.1 285
Totals $25.3 514 $1.2 18 $0.3 5 $26.8 537
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Military Impacts by Type The data in Table 54 display the military impacts by type across the various categories. This includes impacts generated by procurement, federal
military employment (salaries and wages), and transfers) and impacts generated by the military, the Coast Guard, and the National Guard. As the
data in the table show, transfers paid to military, Coast Guard, and National Guard have the highest impact— generating 285 jobs across the
county. Procurement flows generate 131 jobs. Roughly 96% of the total jobs generated (514) were from the military and 3% from the National
Guard (18). The Coast Guard generated only 5 jobs in Bradford County, in 2016.
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to
wages and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure above
benchmarks the total share of Bradford County, Florida’s income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the North Central
Florida Region, the State of Florida, and the US. As the data reflect, the military accounts for a larger share of income at the Florida and US level
than in Bradford County.
Figure 67. Military Share of the Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, North Central Florida Region, and Bradford County
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to
benchmark the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For Bradford County, military employees in 1980 had
earnings which totaled 35% of the Bradford County workforce’s average earnings level. For North Central Florida, this figure was 50%, for Florida
114%, and for the US as a whole it was 87%. By 2016 the Bradford County earnings figure had risen to 237%. North Central had risen to 104%.
State comparative earnings ticked up to 158%, and for the US as a whole the relative earnings ratio now stands at 120%.
Figure 68. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, North Central Region, and Bradford County
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as a share of total employment for Bradford County against the North Central Florida Region,
the state, and the US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for 1% of Bradford County employment, 1% of North Central Florida
employment, 3% of Florida employment, and 2% of US employment. In 2016, these figures are 0.5%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1% respectively. These data
indicate that the military directly contributes approximately the same share of county employment as in 1980.
Figure 69. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, North Central Region, Bradford County
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Change in Military Employment The figure below benchmarks the size of military employment in Bradford County against the 1980 total. For example, military employment in
1985 for Bradford County was 129% of the 1980 total. By 2010 the military had grown to 202% of its 1980 size in the county. Overall, we note
that military employment, relative to the 1980 totals, has declined. Indeed, military employment at the national level is currently 81% of its 1980
totals, while at the state level, it is approximately 80%. For Bradford County, military employment in 2014 stands at approximately 90% of its
1980 level.
Figure 70. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, North Central Region, and Bradford County
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population contracted by nearly
6.5%. The region is expected to experience further decline in population of 3.3% through 2027. With respect to the annual wages (wages do not
include benefits provided by employer), the region’s average annual wage is approximately $26,500, compared to the state average of $46,000.
The County’s median household income – a measure of income earned by all members of a household - is nearly $46,500 compared to the state’s
median household income of $53,046.
Table 55. Demographic Estimates, Bradford County
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 28,825
Population in 2017 26,982
Population in 2027 26,079
Growth from 2007 to 2017 -6.4%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 -3.3%
Income
Average County Wage (2017) $26,461
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Median County Household Income (2017) $46,421
Median Florida Household Income (2017) $53,046
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the manufacturing and agriculture, natural resources, and mining sectors are the region’s highest earners, with government employing the most
workers. However, the agriculture, natural resources, and mining industry is projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years –
growing at 29%. This, as well as the education and health services, financial activities, and manufacturing industries are among the highest earners
(greater than the region’s average) with positive growth of at least 10% expected over the next decade.
Figure 71. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Bradford County
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Brevard County
Brevard County Summary Location: East Central Florida Region
Home to: Patrick Air Force Base
Cape Canaveral Air Force
Naval Ordinance Test Unit
Patrick Air Force Base is a major component for the Air Force Space
Command. It provides combat capabilities through launch, range, and
expeditionary operations. The host organization is the 45th Space Wing
Cape Canaveral Air Station is controlled by the 45th Space Wing and is
responsible for ensuring America’s safe and assured access to space. It co-
joins Kennedy Space Center and consists of 47 Launch complexes used to
launch Atlas and Delta rockets.
Economic Impact Estimates Defense activities play a significant role in the Brevard County economy.
Military spending, summed with the National Guard and the Coast Guard,
totals to the Combined Direct Expenditure estimates produced in Table 56.
Procurement accounted for the largest share at 71% or roughly $3.0 billion of
the $4.2 billion total. Salaries accounted for 6%, and transfers accounted for
23%.
Table 56. Brevard County : Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $2,995.9
Salaries $244.9
Transfers $992.8
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $4,233.5
Figure 72. Brevard County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending
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Table 57. Brevard County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $7,228.4 $7,118.0 $7,162.1 $7,172.3 $7,104.0
Total Employment 49,568 50,668 50,986 49,946 48,280
Gross Regional Product $5,267.1 $5,269.0 $5,328.1 $5,335.7 $5,290.7
Total Consumption $2,903.9 $2,948.0 $3,078.0 $3,155.5 $3,207.3
Investment Residential $771.1 $1,076.4 $1,139.8 $1,065.3 $931.4
Investment Non-residential $183.8 $242.1 $261.8 $256.3 $238.2
Producer's Durable Equipment $109.4 $188.8 $244.8 $285.1 $315.5
Business Inventories $62.4 $72.3 $77.5 $83.9 $89.8
Government $171.1 $249.5 $294.8 $318.2 $330.3
Exports $5,114.8 $4,726.6 $4,649.5 $4,677.7 $4,708.3
Imports (subtract) $4,050.3 $4,234.7 $4,418.0 $4,506.3 $4,530.1
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Overall, the military accounted for over 47,000 jobs in Brevard County, in 2016, and just over $5.3 Billion in total Gross Regional Product (GRP -
total value of all goods and services produced in the region), which is roughly 21.5% of the county’s estimated 2016 Gross Regional Product. The
total impact for the county is forecast to slightly decline between 2016 and 2020. Defense activities are forecast to generate 48,280 jobs in 2020.
This amounts to nearly 1,200 less jobs in the county by 2020.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the county generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with
total resulting impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 58. Brevard County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs
Procurement $2,757.0 25,984 $0.0 0 $3.7 41 $2,760.7 26,025
Employment $1,162.4 10,955 $142.6 1,146 $64.4 710 $1,369.4 12,811
Transfers $1,127.2 10,624 $0.0 0 $9.7 107 $1,137.0 10,731
Totals $5,046.6 47,563 $142.6 1,146 $77.9 858 $5,267.1 49,568
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Military Impacts by Type The data in Table 58 display the military impacts by type across the various categories. This includes impacts generated by procurement, salaries and wages, transfers and impacts generated by the military, the Coast Guard, and the National Guard. As the data in the table show, procurement flows have the highest impact—generating over 26,000 jobs across the county. Salaries and wages generate 12,811 jobs and transfer payments generate 10,731 jobs. The bulk of these jobs are generated by the military (47,563) with the Coast Guard and the National Guard combining to generate just over 2,000 jobs in the county.
Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to wages and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure above
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benchmarks the total share of Brevard County, Florida’s income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the East Central Florida Region, the State of Florida, and the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a larger share of personal income in Brevard County than at the regional, state, and national level, although this has declined over the past few decades.
Figure 73. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, East Central Region, and Brevard County
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to benchmark the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For Brevard County, military employees in 1980 had earnings which totaled 117% of the Brevard County workforce’s average earnings level. For East Central Florida, this figure was 109%, for Florida 114%, and for the US as a whole it was 87%. By 2016 the Brevard County earnings figure had risen to 158%. East Central had risen to 106%. State comparative earnings ticked up to 158%, and for the US as a whole the relative earnings ratio now stands at 120%.
Figure 74. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, East Central Region, and Brevard County
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as a share of total employment for Brevard County against the East Central Florida Region, the state, and the US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for 3% of Brevard County employment, 3% of East Central Florida employment, 3% of Florida employment, and 2% of US employment. In 2014, these same figures are 1%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. These data indicate that the military does not directly contribute to as large a share of county employment as it once did.
Figure 75. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, East Central Region, and Brevard County
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Change in Military Employment The figure above benchmarks the size of military employment in Brevard County against the 1980 total. For example, military employment in 1985 for Brevard County was 111% of the 1980 total. However, by 2016, the military had shrunk to 63% of its 1980 size. Overall, we note that military employment, relative to the 1980 totals, has declined. Indeed, military employment at the national level is currently 79% of its 1980 totals, while at the state level, it is approximately 79%.
Figure 76. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, East Central Region, and Brevard County
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew just over 9%.
The region is expected to experience continuing growth in population of nearly 16% through 2027. With respect to the annual wages (wages do
not include benefits provided by employer), the region’s average annual wage is approximately $44,500, compared to the state average of $46,000.
The County’s median household income – a measure of income earned by all members of a household - is just over $52,000 compared to $53,046.
Table 59. Demographic Estimates, Brevard County
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 539,719
Population in 2017 588,769
Population in 2027 682,215
Growth from 2007 to 2017 9.1%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 15.9%
Income
Average County Wage (2017) $44,627
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Median County Household Income (2017) $52,075
Median Florida Household Income (2017) $53,046
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the manufacturing, government, and information sectors are the region’s highest earners, with education and health services employing the most
workers. This industry is also projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years – growing at 20%. This, and the construction
industry, are among the highest earners (greater than the region’s average) with positive growth of at least 10% expected over the next decade.
Figure 77. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Brevard County
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Clay County
Clay County Summary Location: North East Florida Region
Home to: Camp Blanding Joint Training
Center
Camp Blanding Joint Training Center (Bradford and Clay Counties) is the
primary military reservation and training base for the Florida National Guard.
The base is located approximately 25 miles south of Jacksonville, and is
composed of 73,000 acres of forest, lakes, and grassland. Camp Blanding
possesses billeting to accommodate more than 3,500 personnel and ranges
which can support training for small arms weapons, mortars, artillery, attack
helicopter gunnery, and close air support aircraft.
Economic Impact Estimates Military spending, summed with the National Guard and the Coast Guard,
totals to the Combined Direct Expenditure estimates as indicated in Table 60.
Transfers accounted for the largest direct share at 68% or roughly $467
million of the $685 million total. Salaries accounted for 26%, and procurement
accounted for 6%.
Table 60. Clay County: Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $40.4
Salaries $178.1
Transfers $466.6
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $685.2
6%
26%
68%
Procurment
Salaries
Transfers
Figure 78. Clay County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending
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Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Overall, the military accounted for 9,317 jobs in Clay County in 2016 and over $634 Million dollars in total Gross Regional Product (GRP - total
value of all goods and services produced in the region). This is roughly 13.1% of the county’s estimated 2016 Gross Regional Product. The total
impact for the county was forecast to grow between 2016 and 2019. Defense activities are forecast to generate 11,132 jobs in 2019. This
amounts to just over 1,800 new jobs by 2019.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the county generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with
total resulting impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows:
Table 61. Clay County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $789.8 $930.3 $1,000.1 $1,002.3 $970.9
Total Employment 9,317 10,645 11,242 11,132 10,725
Gross Regional Product $634.0 $731.8 $785.6 $793.7 $779.2
Total Consumption $986.3 $1,068.7 $1,159.3 $1,213.3 $1,250.2
Investment Residential $260.9 $381.8 $421.8 $409.2 $370.0
Investment Non-residential $32.8 $45.2 $51.3 $51.5 $48.4
Producer's Durable Equipment $19.0 $34.9 $47.4 $56.5 $63.3
Business Inventories $0.6 $0.7 $0.7 $0.7 $0.6
Government $29.0 $45.8 $57.8 $65.0 $69.0
Exports $297.6 $300.6 $298.9 $288.0 $273.9
Imports (subtract) $992.9 $1,145.9 $1,251.5 $1,290.4 $1,296.2
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 62. Clay County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs
Procurement $66.4 980 $0.0 0 $0.1 1 $66.4 981
Employment $245.2 3,621 $47.7 651 $5.0 78 $297.8 4,350
Transfers $268.1 3,959 $0.0 0 $1.7 27 $269.8 3,986
Totals $579.6 8,560 $47.7 651 $6.7 106 $634.0 9,317
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Military Impacts by Type The data in Table 62 display the military impacts by type across the various categories. This includes impacts generated by procurement, salaries
and wages, transfers, and impacts generated by the military, the Coast Guard, and the National Guard. As the data in the table show, salaries and
wages paid to military, Coast Guard, and National Guard employees have the highest impact—generating 4,350 jobs across the region.
Procurement flows generate 981 jobs, and transfer payments generate 3,986 jobs. The bulk of these jobs are generated by the military (8,560)
with the Coast Guard and the National Guard combining to generate over 750 jobs.
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to wages
and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure above
benchmarks the total share of Clay County, Florida’s income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the Northeast Florida Region,
the State of Florida, and the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to slightly smaller share of personal income in Clay County
than at the state and national levels and a substantially smaller share than the Northeast Region, although this has gently increased over the past
few decades.
Figure 79. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northeast Region, and Clay County
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to benchmark
the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For Clay County, military employees in 1980 had earnings, which
totaled 36% of the Clay County workforce’s average earnings level. For Northeast Florida, this figure was 118%, for Florida 114%, and for the US
as a whole, it was 87%. By 2016 the Clay County earnings figure had risen to 93%. Northeast Florida had risen to 169%. State comparative earnings
ticked up to 158%, and for the US as a whole, the relative earnings ratio now stands at 120%.
Figure 80. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northeast Region, and Clay County
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as ashore of total employment for Clay County against the Northeast Florida Region, the state,
and the US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for 1% of Clay County employment, 8% of Northeast Florida employment, 3% of
Florida employment, and 2% of US employment. In 2016, these same figures are 0.5%, 2%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. These data indicate that the
military directly contributes approximately the same share of county employments in 1980.
Figure 81. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northeast Region, and Clay County
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Change in Military Employment The figure above benchmarks the size of military employment in Clay County against the 1980 total. For example, military employment in 1985
for Clay County was 147% of the 1980 total. By 2010 the military had grown to 248% of its 1980 size in the county. Overall, however, we note
that military employment, relative to the 1980 totals, has declined. Indeed, military employment at the national level is currently 79% of its 1980
totals, while at the state level, it is approximately 79%. For Clay County, military employment in 2016 stands at approximately 249% of its 1980
level.
Figure 82. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northeast Region, and Clay County
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew just over 15%.
The region is expected to experience continuing growth in population of 18% through 2027. With respect to the annual wages (wages do not
include benefits provided by employer), the region’s average annual wage is approximately $21,700, compared to the state average of $46,000.
The County’s median household income – a measure of income earned by all members of a household - is just over $58,000 compared to $53,046.
Table 63. Demographic Estimates, Clay County
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 184,256
Population in 2017 212,032
Population in 2027 250,611
Growth from 2007 to 2017 15.1%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 18.2%
Income
Average County Wage (2017) $21,710
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Median County Household Income (2017) $58,389
Median Florida Household Income (2017) $53,046
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the manufacturing, government, and information sectors are the region’s highest earners, with trade, transportation, and utilities employing the
most workers. The education and health services industry projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years – growing at 29%.
This, along with the manufacturing and financial activities industries, are among the highest earners (greater than the region’s average) with
positive growth of at least 10% expected over the next decade.
Figure 83. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Clay County
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Duval County
Duval County Summary
Location: North East Florida Region
Home to: Naval Air Station Jacksonville
Naval Station Mayport
Marine Corps Blount Island
Naval Air Station Jacksonville is a multi-mission base hosting more than 100
tenant organizations and is the third largest naval installation in the US.
Naval Station Mayport is host to 83 tenant commands including 16 ships,
four helicopter squadrons and the Navy’s Fourth Fleet.
Marine Corps Blount Island plans, coordinates and executes the logistic
efforts necessary to support Maritime Prepositioning Ships squadrons.
Economic Impact Estimates As Table 64 shows, the county’s economy is a significant beneficiary of funds
flowing through as a result of defense activities – approximately $3.8 billion
in direct impacts in 2016 alone (National Guard + Coast Guard). Salaries
accounted for the largest share at 39% or roughly $1.5 billion of the $3.8
billion total. Transfers accounted for 30%, and procurement was 32%.
Table 64. Duval County: Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $1,217.0
Salaries $1,476.2
Transfers $1,136.6
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $3,829.8
32%
39%
30%Procurment
Salaries
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Figure 84. Duval County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending
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Table 65. Duval County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $10,669.5 $11,204.7 $11,453.3 $11,255.1 $10,859.5
Total Employment 94,886 98,175 98,710 95,512 91,254
Gross Regional Product $10,971.8 $11,402.0 $11,633.3 $11,515.3 $11,269.9
Total Consumption $4,521.0 $4,553.2 $4,713.0 $4,740.6 $4,730.6
Investment Residential $1,236.5 $1,708.1 $1,787.8 $1,636.7 $1,389.6
Investment Non-residential $312.3 $396.3 $427.1 $417.0 $385.6
Producer's Durable Equipment $171.7 $303.7 $398.4 $465.7 $515.5
Business Inventories $33.9 $38.1 $38.6 $39.2 $39.7
Government $359.8 $444.5 $500.8 $527.6 $539.4
Exports $8,791.2 $8,749.3 $8,790.2 $8,783.1 $8,760.3
Imports (subtract) $4,463.3 $4,791.3 $5,022.6 $5,094.6 $5,090.9
Overall, the military accounted for almost 95,000 jobs in Duval County in 2016 and just about $11.0 billion in total Gross Regional Product (GRP -
total value of all goods and services produced in the region). This is roughly 16.1% of the county’s estimated 2016 Gross Regional Product. The
total impact for the region is forecast to increase between 2016 and 2018. Defense activities are forecast to generate 91,254 jobs in 2020 which
is over 3,500 fewer jobs than 2016. At the same time, the gross product impacts are forecast to rise to over $11.3 billion by 2020.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the county generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with total
resulting impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows:
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 66. Duval County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs
Procurement $1,629.6 14,149 $31.0 299 $2.4 25 $1,663.0 14,473
Employment $6,331.8 54,976 $871.0 6,806 $158.7 1,681 $7,361.6 63,463
Transfers $1,930.4 16,761 $4.0 54 $12.5 132 $1,946.9 16,947
Totals $9,891.9 85,886 $906.4 7,160 $173.5 1,838 $10,971.8 94,886
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Military Impacts by Type The data in Table 66 display the military impacts by type across the various categories. This includes impacts generated by procurement, salaries
and wages, transfers, and impacts generated by the military, the Coast Guard, and the National Guard. As the data in the table show, salaries and
wages paid to military, Coast Guard and National Guard employees have the highest impact—generating 63,463 jobs across the region.
Procurement flows generate 14,473 jobs and transfer payments generate 16,947 jobs. The bulk of these jobs are generated by the military (85,886)
with the Coast Guardant the National Guard combining to generate approximately 9,000 jobs in the county.
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to wages
and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure above
benchmarks the total share of Duval County, Florida’s income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the Northeast Florida
Region, the State of Florida, and the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a substantially larger share of personal income in
Duval County than at the regional, state and national level, although this has declined over the past few decades.
Figure 85. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northeast Region, and Duval County
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to
benchmark the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For Duval County, military employees in 1980 had
earnings, which totaled 114% of the Duval County workforce’s average earnings level. For Northeast Florida, this figure was 118%, for Florida
114%, and for the US as a whole it was 87%. By 2016 the Duval County earnings figure had risen to 166%. Northeast Florida had risen to 169%.
State comparative earnings ticked up to 158%, and for the US as a whole the relative earnings ratio now stands at 120%.
Figure 86. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northeast Region, and Duval County
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as a share of total employment for Duval County against the Northeast Florida Region, the
state, and the US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for 10% of Duval County employment, 8% of Northeast Florida employment,
3% of Florida employment, and 2% of US employment. By 2016, these figures declined to 2%, 2%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. These data indicate
that the military does not directly contribute to as large a share of county employments it once did.
Figure 87. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northeast Region, and Duval County
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Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980 The figure above benchmarks the size of military employment in Duval County against the 1980 total. For example military employment in 1985
for Duval County was 119%of the 1980 total. However, by 2010 the military had shrunk to 56% of its 1980 size, in the county. Overall, we note
that military employment, relative to the 1980 totals, has declined. Indeed, military employment at the national level is currently 81% of its 1980
totals, while at the state level, it is 81%. For Duval County, military employment in 2016 stands at approximately 44% of its 1980 level.
Figure 88. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northeast Region, and Duval County
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew at 10.5%. The
region is expected to experience continuing growth in population of nearly 14.4% through 2027. With respect to the annual wages (wages do not
include benefits provided by employer), the region’s average annual wage is approximately $65,000, compared to the state average of $46,000.
The County’s median household income – a measure of income earned by all members of a household - is just over $53,300 compared to $53,000.
Table 67. Demographic Estimates, Duval County
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 851,033
Population in 2017 940,079
Population in 2027 1,075,680
Growth from 2007 to 2017 10.5%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 14.4%
Income
Average County Wage (2017) $65,132
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Median County Household Income (2017) $53,330
Median Florida Household Income (2017) $53,046
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the financial activities and information sectors are the region’s highest earners, with trade, transportation, and utilities employing the most
workers. The education and health services industry is projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years – growing at 23%. This,
along with the construction industry, are among the highest earners (greater than the region’s average) with positive growth of at least 10%
expected over the next decade.
Figure 89. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Duval County
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Escambia County
Escambia County Summary Location: Northwest Florida Region
Home to: Naval Air Station
Pensacola
Corry Station
Saufley Field
Naval Air Station Pensacola the cradle of Naval Aviation, mission, is
tasked with providing superior training support and a quality
environment to its more than 90 tenant commands.
Corry Station’s primary mission is to operate and administer assigned
schools that provide training to military and civilian personnel of the
Department of Defense and international military students.
Saufley Field is a multi-purpose facility hosting the Naval Education and
Program Management Support Activity, a Federal Prison Camp, and other
activities.
Economic Impact Estimates As Table 68 shows, the county’s economy is a significant beneficiary of
funds flowing through as a result of defense activities — roughly $2.2
billion in 2016. Transfers accounted for 29% or roughly $628 million of
the $2.2 billion total. Salaries accounted for 57.0%, and procurement
accounted for 14%.
Table 68. Escambia County : Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $309.0
Salaries $1,254.4
Transfers $628.0
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $2,191.4
14%
57%
29%Procurment
Salaries
Transfers
Figure 90. Escambia County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending
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Table 69. Escambia County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $4,389.5 $4,743.5 $4,886.5 $4,788.7 $4,599.3
Total Employment 60,589 63,421 64,178 62,487 60,166
Gross Regional Product $7,614.4 $7,909.0 $8,063.7 $8,003.3 $7,881.0
Total Consumption $3,026.8 $3,116.6 $3,261.2 $3,314.1 $3,342.7
Investment Residential $841.8 $1,179.7 $1,247.8 $1,154.6 $993.2
Investment Non-residential $194.4 $233.5 $246.6 $237.4 $217.4
Producer's Durable Equipment $113.0 $198.7 $258.6 $299.3 $328.2
Business Inventories $3.4 $3.9 $3.6 $3.2 $2.8
Government $268.2 $322.5 $359.2 $374.9 $380.9
Exports $7,698.6 $7,753.5 $7,811.4 $7,782.9 $7,749.6
Imports (subtract) $4,529.1 $4,899.3 $5,124.7 $5,163.2 $5,133.9
Overall, the military accounted for over 60,500 jobs in Escambia County in 2016 and just over $7.6 Billion in total Gross Regional Product (GRP -
total value of all goods and services produced in the region). This is roughly 43.2% of the county’s estimated 2016 Gross Regional Product. The
total impact for the county is forecast to increase slightly between 2016 and 2020. Defense activities are forecast to generate 64,178 jobs in 2018.
This amounts to over 3,500 more jobs in the county by 2018.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the county generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with total
resulting impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows:
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 70. Escambia County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs
Procurement $619.9 4,499 $0.0 0 $0.0 11 $619.9 4,510
Employment $5,890.2 45,970 $500.0 3,267 $54.4 630 $6,444.6 49,867
Transfers $546.9 6,400 $0.2 1 $3.0 45 $550.1 6,446
Totals $7,057.2 56,635 $500.1 3,268 $57.1 686 $7,614.4 60,589
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Military Impacts by Type The data in Table 70 display the military impacts by type across the various categories. This includes impacts generated by procurement, salaries
and wages, transfers and impacts generated by the military, the Coast Guard, and the National Guard. As the data in the table show, salaries and
wages paid to military, Coast Guard and National Guard employees have the highest impact—generating 49,867 jobs across the region.
Procurement flows generate 4,510 jobs, and transfer payments generate 6,446 jobs. The bulk of these jobs are generated by the military (56,635)
with the Coast Guard and the National Guard combining to generate just over 3,900 jobs in the county.
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to wages
and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure below
benchmarks the total share of Escambia County, Florida’s income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the Northwest Florida
Region, the State of Florida, and the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a substantially larger share of personal income in
Escambia County than at the regional, state, and national level.
Figure 91. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Florida Region, and Escambia County
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to benchmark the
earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For Escambia County, military employees in 1980 had earnings which
totaled 139% of the Escambia County workforce’s average earnings level. For Northwest Florida, this figure was 145%, for Florida 114%, and for
the US as a whole it was 87%. By 2016 the Escambia County earnings figure had risen to 198%. Northwest Florida had risen to 212%. State
comparative earnings ticked up to 158%, and for the US as a whole the relative earnings ratio now stands at 120%.
Figure 92. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Florida Region, and Escambia County
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as ashore of total employment for Escambia County against the Northwest Florida Region, the
state, and the US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for 11% of Escambia County employment, 9% of Northwest Florida
employment, 3% of Florida employment, and 2% of US employment. In 2016, these figures declined to 7%, 5%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. These
data indicate that the military does not directly contribute to as large a share of county employments it once did.
Figure 93. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Florida Region, and Escambia County
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Change in Military Employment The figure below benchmarks the size of military employment in Escambia County against the 1980 total. For example, military employment in
1985 for Escambia County was 91% of the 1980 total. By 2010, the military had grown to 99% of its 1980 size, in the county. Overall, we note that
military employment, relative to the 1980 totals, has declined. Indeed, military employment at the national level is currently 79% of its 1980 totals,
while at the state level, it is approximately 79%. For Escambia County, military employment in 2016 stands at approximately 98% of its 1980 level.
Figure 94. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Florida Region, and Escambia County
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew just over 7%.
The region is expected to experience continuing growth in population of 10.6% through 2027. With respect to annual wages (wages do not include
benefits provided by employer), the County’s average annual wage is approximately $51,000, compared to the state average of $46,000. The
County’s median household income – a measure of income earned by all members of a household – is just over $45,000 compared to $53,000.
Table 71. Demographic Estimates, Escambia County
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 297,393
Population in 2017 318,585
Population in 2027 352,383
Growth from 2007 to 2017 7.1%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 10.6%
Income
Average County Wage (2017) $51,167
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Median County Household Income (2017) $45,269
Median Florida Household Income (2017) $53,046
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the manufacturing and information sectors are the region’s highest earners, with government employing the most workers. The financial activities
industry is projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years – growing at 27%. This, along with the education and health services
and manufacturing industries, are among the highest earners (greater than the region’s average) with positive growth of at least 10% expected
over the next decade.
Figure 95. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Escambia County
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Highlands County
Highlands County Summary
Location: South Central Florida Region
Home to: Avon Park Air Force Range
Avon Park Air Force Range (Highlands and Polk Counties) is home to a
Deployed Unit Complex of the 23rd Wing detachment reporting to Moody
Air Force Base, Georgia. It provides a variety of air-to-ground ranges, and
targets in support of air and ground operations.
Economic Impact Estimates As Table 72 shows, the defense activities injected approximately $112 million
into the Highlands County economy in 2016. Transfer payments totaled
roughly $97.4 million, which is 87% of the total direct dollar flow to the
county. Salaries accounted for 5%, and procurement accounted for 8%.
Table 72. Highlands County: Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $8.5
Salaries $6.0
Transfers $97.4
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $111.9
8%5%
87%
Procurment
Salaries
Transfers
Figure 96. Highlands County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending
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Table 73. Highlands County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $108.6 $119.1 $125.2 $125.6 $123.9
Total Employment 1,498 1,604 1,646 1,615 1,568
Gross Regional Product $94.6 $102.7 $107.6 $108.4 $107.8
Total Consumption $118.9 $121.2 $127.6 $132.2 $136.7
Investment Residential $31.9 $44.3 $47.0 $44.2 $39.3
Investment Non-residential $5.0 $6.8 $7.7 $7.8 $7.5
Producer's Durable Equipment $2.5 $4.5 $6.0 $7.2 $8.1
Business Inventories $0.1 $0.2 $0.2 $0.2 $0.2
Government $3.2 $5.2 $6.4 $7.0 $7.3
Exports $47.6 $49.2 $50.9 $50.8 $49.9
Imports (subtract) $114.6 $128.6 $138.2 $140.9 $141.2
As the impact estimates indicate, the military accounted for almost 1,500 jobs in Highlands County in 2016 and around $94.6 Million in total Gross
Regional Product (GRP – total value of all goods and services produced in the region). This is roughly 3.9% of the county’s estimated 2016 Gross
Regional Product. The total impact for the region is forecast to increase slightly between 2016 and 2020. Defense activities are forecast to generate
1,568 jobs in 2020. This amounts to about 70 more jobs in the county by 2020.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the county generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with total
resulting impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows:
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 74. Highlands County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs
Employment $10.9 173 $0.0 1 $0.1 1 $10.9 175
Procurement $30.1 479 $3.0 38 $0.5 9 $33.7 526
Transfers $49.8 791 $0.0 0 $0.4 7 $50.2 798
Totals $90.8 1,443 $2.9 38 $1.0 17 $94.6 1,498
Total may not sum due to rounding.
Military Impacts by Type The data in Table 74 display the military impacts by type across the various categories. This includes impacts generated by procurement, salaries
and wages, transfers and impacts generated by the military, the Coast Guard, and the National Guard. As the data in the table show, transfer
payments have the highest impact—generating 798 jobs across the county. Salaries and wages paid to military, Coast Guard, and National Guard
employees generated 526 jobs, and procurement flows generated 175 jobs. The bulk of these jobs are generated by the military (1,443) with the
Coast Guard and the National Guard combining to generate 55 jobs in the county.
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to
wages and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure below
benchmarks the total share of Highlands County, Florida’s income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the South Central
Florida Region, the State of Florida, and the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a slightly smaller share of personal
income in Highlands County than at the state and national levels and slightly larger share than the South Central Region. This share has
fluctuated over the past few decades, however.
Figure 97. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, South Central Region, and Highlands County
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below benchmarks military employment as ashore of total employment for Highlands County against the South Central Florida
Region, the state, and the US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for about 2%of Highlands County employment, 1% of South
Central Florida employment, 3% of Florida employment, and 2% of US employment. By 2016, these figures declined to 0.5%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1%,
respectively. These data indicate that the military does not directly contribute to as large a share of county employment as it once did.
Figure 98. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, South Central Region, and Highlands County
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as ashore of total employment for Highlands County against the South Central Florida
Region, the state, and the US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for about 2%of Highlands County employment, 1% of South
Central Florida employment, 3% of Florida employment, and 2% of US employment. By 2014, these figures declined to 0.5%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1%,
respectively. These data indicate that the military does not directly contribute to as large a share of county employment as it once did.
Figure 99. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, South Central Region, and Highlands County
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Change in Military Employment The figure below benchmarks the size of military employment in Highlands County against the 1980 total. For example, military employment in
1985 for Highlands County was138% of the 1980 total. However, by 2010 the military had shrunk to 70% of its 1980 size, in the county. Overall,
we note that military employment, relative to the 1980 totals, has declined. Indeed, military employment at the national level is currently 81% of
its 1980 totals, while at the state level, it is approximately 81%. For Highlands County, military employment in 2016 stands at approximately 65%
of its 1980 level.
Figure 100. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, South Central Region, and Highlands County
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew at 4%. The
region is expected to experience continuing growth of 18.4% through 2027. With respect to annual wages (wages do not include benefits provided
by employer), the County’s average annual wage is approximately $30,000, compared to the state average of $46,000. The County’s median
household income – a measure of income earned by all members of a household – is just over 37,000 compared to Florida’s $53,000.
Table 75. Demographic Estimates, Highlands County
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 99,023
Population in 2017 102,953
Population in 2027 121,909
Growth from 2007 to 2017 4.0%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 18.4%
Income
Average County Wage (2017) $30,084
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Median County Household Income (2017) $37,096
Median Florida Household Income (2017) $53,046
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the government, education and health services, and information sectors are the region’s highest earners, with education and health services
employing the most workers. This industry is also projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years – growing at 23%. This, along
with the manufacturing industry, are among the highest earners (greater than the region’s average) with positive growth of at least 10% expected
over the next decade.
Figure 101. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Highlands County
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Hillsborough County
Hillsborough County Summary
Location: Tampa Bay Region
Home to: MacDill Air Force Base
US Central Command
US Special Operations
MacDill Air Force Base host command is the 6th Air Mobility Wing
whose primary mission is airlift and aerial refueling. MacDill hosts US
Central Command and US Special Operations Command.
US Central Command is one of six geographically defined commands
within the DoD, and is responsible for US Security interests in 20 nations
in Northeast Africa, and Southwest and Central Asia.
US Special Operations Command’s primary mission is to disrupt,
defeat, and destroy terrorist networks that threaten US citizens and
interests worldwide.
Economic Impacts Estimates As Table 76 indicates, Hillsborough County is a prominent beneficiary
of defense activities receiving nearly $3.3 billion direct dollars in 2016.
Transfers accounted for the largest share at 50% or roughly $1.6 billion
of the $3.3 billion total. Salaries accounted for 19%, and procurement
accounted for 31%.
Table 76. Hillsborough County : Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $1,032.7
Salaries $637.4
Transfers $1,638.9
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $3,308.9
31%
19%
50%
Procurment
Salaries
Transfers
Figure 102. Hillsborough County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending
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Table 77. Hillsborough County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $11,196.0 $11,822.7 $12,241.6 $12,171.3 $11,877.8
Total Employment 78,250 81,951 83,509 81,570 78,470
Gross Regional Product $9,749.8 $10,225.7 $10,556.8 $10,533.9 $10,363.4
Total Consumption $4,675.5 $4,725.9 $4,969.1 $5,059.3 $5,105.9
Investment Residential $1,261.8 $1,747.9 $1,852.9 $1,723.4 $1,492.5
Investment Non-residential $296.2 $381.3 $416.6 $410.3 $382.8
Producer's Durable Equipment $167.1 $295.7 $391.1 $460.3 $512.8
Business Inventories $14.2 $16.1 $15.6 $14.7 $13.8
Government $355.1 $490.2 $579.4 $625.9 $649.3
Exports $7,339.7 $7,290.5 $7,342.6 $7,327.8 $7,281.0
Imports (subtract) $4,355.2 $4,722.0 $5,010.5 $5,087.9 $5,074.6
Overall, defense activities accounted for 78,250 jobs in Hillsborough County in 2016, and just over $9.7 Billion in total Gross Regional Product (GRP
- total value of all goods and services produced in the region), which is roughly 10.1% of the county’s 2016 Gross Regional Product. The total impact
for the region is forecast to remain roughly stable between 2016 and 2020. Defense activities are forecast to generate 78,470 jobs in 2020. This
amounts to nearly 200 more jobs in the county by 2020.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the county generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with total
resulting impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows.
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 78. Hillsborough County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs
Employment $2,371.7 19,169 $0.0 0 $14.5 136 $2,386.2 19,305
Procurement $3,734.8 30,186 $493.0 3,294 $73.7 691 $4,301.5 34,171
Transfers $3,043.4 24,598 $0.0 0 $18.7 175 $3,062.1 24,773
Totals $9,149.9 73,953 $493.0 3,294 $106.9 1,002 $9,749.8 78,250
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Military Impacts by Type The data in Table 78 display the military impacts by type across the various categories. This includes impacts generated by procurement, salaries
and wages, transfers and impacts generated by the military, the Coast Guard, and the National Guard. As the data in the table show, salaries and
wages paid to military, Coast Guard, and National Guard employees have the highest impact—generating 34,171 jobs across the county.
Procurement flows generate 19,305 jobs, and transfer payments generate 24,773 jobs. The bulk of these jobs are generated by the military
(73,953) with the Coast Guard and the National Guard combining to generate roughly 4,300 jobs in the county.
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to
wages and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure below
benchmarks the total share of Hillsborough County, Florida’s income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the Tampa Bay
Florida Region, the State of Florida, and the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a slightly larger share of personal income
in Hillsborough County than at the regional, state, and national levels, although this has fluctuated over the past few decades.
Figure 103. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay Region, and Hillsborough County
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to
benchmark the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For Hillsborough County, military employees in 1980
had earnings which totaled 117% of the Hillsborough County workforce ‘average earnings level. For the Tampa Bay region of Florida, this figure
was 95%, for Florida 114%, and for the US it was 87%. By 2016, the Hillsborough County earnings figure had risen to 171%. The Tampa Bay
Region increased to 1470%, state comparative earnings increased to 158%, and the cumulative US relative earnings ratio is now 120%.
Figure 104. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay Region, and Hillsborough County
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as a share of total employment for Hillsborough County against the Tampa Bay Region, the
state, and the US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for a little more than 2% of Hillsborough County employment, 1% of the
Tampa Bay Region employment, 3% of Florida employment, and 2% of US employment. These figures in 2016 are all roughly 1%. These data
indicate that the military does not directly contribute to as large a share of county employment as it once did.
Figure 105. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa By Region, and Hillsborough County
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Change in Military Employment The figure below benchmarks the size of military employment in Hillsborough County against the 1980 total. For example, military employment
in 1985 for Hillsborough County was 111% of the 1980 total. However, by 2010 the military had shrunk to 100% of its 1980 size in the county.
Overall, we note that military employment, relative to the1980 totals, has declined. Indeed, military employment at the national level is
currently 81% of its 1980 totals, while at the state level, it is also 81%. For Hillsborough County, military employment in 2016 stands at
approximately 100% of its 1980 level.
Figure 106. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay Region, and Hillsborough County
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew at nearly 19%.
The region is expected to experience continuing growth of 20% through 2027. With respect to annual wages (wages do not include benefits
provided by employer), the County’s average annual wage is approximately $57,500, compared to the state average of $46,000. The County’s
median household income – a measure of income earned by all members of a household – is nearly $56,000 compared to Florida’s $53,000.
Table 79. Demographic Estimates, Hillsborough County
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 1,184,686
Population in 2017 1,405,863
Population in 2027 1,688,389
Growth from 2007 to 2017 18.7%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 20.1%
Income
Average County Wage (2017) $57,611
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Median County Household Income (2017) $55,982
Median Florida Household Income (2017) $53,046
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the information and financial services sectors are the region’s highest earners, with trade, transportation, and utilities and professional/business
services employing the most workers. The education and health services industry is also projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next
10 years – growing at 20%. This, along with the construction and financial activities industries, are among the highest earners (greater than the
region’s average) with positive growth of at least 10% expected over the next decade.
Figure 107. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Hillsborough County
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Miami-Dade County
Miami-Dade County Summary Location: Southeast Florida Region
Home to: United States Southern
Command
Homestead Air Reserve
Base
United States Southern Command’s mission is to embrace the concept of
preventative defense through constructive engagement. The Command is
assigned the areas of Latin American south of Mexico, the water adjacent to
Central and South America and its 13 island nations, the Gulf of Mexico and
a portion of the Atlantic Ocean.
Homestead Air Reserve Base hosts the 482nd Fighter Wing of the Air Force
Reserve, whose mission is to provide a combat-ready unit capable of
worldwide deployment on short notice.
Economic Impact Estimates As Table 80 shows, the county’s economy is a significant beneficiary of funds
flowing through as a result of defense activities – over $1.3 billion in 2016.
Transfers accounted for roughly $725 million or 54% of the $1.3 billion total.
Salaries accounted for 25%, and procurement accounted for 21%
Table 80. Miami-Dade County: Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $274.2
Salaries $336.8
Transfers $725.1
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $1,336.1
21%
25%
54%
Procurment
Salaries
Transfers
Figure 108. Miami-Dade County Distribution of Direct Defense Spending
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Table 81. Miami-Dade County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $5,776.6 $6,172.9 $6,489.4 $6,490.6 $6,369.1
Total Employment 52,904 55,329 56,867 55,882 54,182
Gross Regional Product $5,459.4 $5,779.9 $6,035.7 $6,059.3 $5,997.3
Total Consumption $2,566.5 $2,609.9 $2,800.7 $2,882.2 $2,937.8
Investment Residential $690.1 $958.2 $1,031.4 $974.5 $859.7
Investment Non-residential $192.0 $251.1 $280.4 $279.9 $263.7
Producer's Durable Equipment $116.2 $206.3 $275.1 $325.6 $363.8
Business Inventories $9.4 $10.4 $9.9 $9.0 $8.2
Government $164.2 $238.3 $289.8 $318.4 $334.5
Exports $2,913.8 $2,939.5 $2,972.8 $2,942.4 $2,890.0
Imports (subtract) $1,191.6 $1,433.7 $1,624.3 $1,672.8 $1,660.5
Overall, the military accounted for over 52,900 jobs in Miami- Dade County in 2016 and just over $5.5 Billion in total Gross Regional Product
(GRP - total value of all goods and services produced in the region). This is roughly 3.5% of the county’s estimated 2016 Gross Regional Product.
The total impact for the county is forecast to grow rather slightly between 2016 and 2020. Defense activities are forecast to generate 54,182
jobs in 2020. This amounts to 1,200 more jobs in the county by 2020. Total gross product impacts across that period are expected to rise by
approximately a half-billion dollars
Direct defense expenditures expended in the county generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with
total resulting impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows:
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 82. Miami-Dade County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs
Procurement $599.1 5,805 $0.0 0 $32.5 332 $631.5 6,137
Employment $2,421.2 23,462 $323.1 2,816 $541.2 5,536 $3,285.5 31,814
Transfers $1,529.4 14,820 $0.0 0 $13.0 133 $1,542.4 14,953
Totals $4,549.6 44,087 $323.1 2,816 $586.7 6,001 $5,459.4 52,904
Total may not sum due to rounding.
Military Impacts by Type The data in Table 82 displays the military impacts by type across the various categories. This includes impacts generated by procurement,
salaries and wages, transfers and impacts generated by the military, the Coast Guard, and the National Guard. As the data in the table show,
salaries and wages paid to military, Coast Guard and National Guard employees have the highest 2016 impact—generating nearly 32,000 jobs
across the county. Procurement flows generated 6,137 jobs and transfer payments generate 14,953 jobs. The bulk of these jobs, are generated
by the military (44,087), with the Coast Guard and the National Guard combining to generate nearly 9,000 jobs in the county.
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to
wages and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure below
benchmarks the total share of Miami-Dade County, Florida’s income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the Southeast
Florida Region, the State of Florida, and the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a slightly smaller share of personal
income in Miami-Dade County than at the state and national levels and a slightly larger share than the Southeast Region, although this has
declined over the past few decades.
Figure 109. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Southeast Region, and Miami-Dade County
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to
benchmark the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For Miami-Dade County, military employees in 1980
had earnings, which totaled 86% of the Miami-Dade County workforce’s average earnings level. For Southeast Florida, this figure was 80%, for
Florida 114%, and for the US, it was 87%. By 2016, the Miami-Dade County earnings figure had risen to 112%. Southeast Florida increased to
101%, state comparative earnings ticked up to 158%, and for the US as a whole the relative earnings ratio now stands at 120%.
Figure 110. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Southeast Region, and Miami-Dade County
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as ashore of total employment for Miami-Dade County against the Southeast Florida Region,
the state, and the US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for about 1%of Miami-Dade County employment, 1% of Southeast
Florida employment, 3% of Florida employment, and 2% of US employment. By 2016, these figures had a slight decline to 0.5%, 0.5%, 1%, and
1%, respectively. Despite the decline in proportional employment, these data indicate that the military directly contributes close to the same
share of county employment as in 1980.
Figure 111. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Southeast Region, and Miami-Dade County
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Change in Military Employment The figure below benchmarks the size of military employment in Miami-Dade County against the 1980 total. So, for example, military
employment in 1985 for Miami-Dade County was 104% of the 1980 total. However, by 2010 the military had shrunk to 69% of its 1980 size in the
county. Overall, we note that military employment, relative to the1980 totals, has declined. Indeed, military employment at the national level is
currently 81% of its 1980 totals, while at the state level, it is also approximately 81%. For Miami-Dade County, military employment in 2016
stands at approximately 68% of its 1980 level.
Figure 112. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Southeast Region, and Miami-Dade County
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew at nearly 14%.
The region is expected to experience continuing growth of 13.5% through 2027. With respect to annual wages (wages do not include benefits
provided by employer), the County’s average annual wage is approximately $51,000, compared to the state average of $46,000. The County’s
median household income – a measure of income earned by all members of a household – is nearly $47,000 compared to Florida’s $53,000.
Table 83. Demographic Estimates, Miami-Dade County
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 2,415,576
Population in 2017 2,750,520
Population in 2027 3,122,664
Growth from 2007 to 2017 13.9%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 13.5%
Income
Average County Wage (2017) $51,103
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Median County Household Income (2017) $46,818
Median Florida Household Income (2017) $53,046
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the information, financial activities, and government sectors are the region’s highest earners, with trade, transportation, and utilities employing
the most workers. The education and health services industry is projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years – growing at
18%. This, along with the financial activities industries, are among the highest earners (greater than the region’s average) with positive growth of
at least 10% expected over the next decade.
Figure 113. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Miami-Dade County
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Monroe County Monroe County Summary
Location: Southeast Florida Region
Home to: Naval Air Station Key West
Naval Air Station Key West provides an extensive air-to-air training venue
for transient tactical aviation squadrons. It is home to the Joint Interagency
Task Force - South whose mission is to provide the necessary operations
for detection, monitoring and deterrence of drug smuggling operations.
Major tenants also include the Army Special Forces Underwater Operations
School.
Economic Impact Estimates As Table 84 shows, in 2016, defense activities injected over $248 million
directly into the Monroe County economy. Of this, 40% was in the form of
salaries and wages paid to military, National Guard, and Coast Guard
personnel. Procurement flows accounted for 25%, and transfers accounted
for 34%.
Table 84. Monroe County: Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $63.0
Salaries $99.4
Transfers $85.1
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $247.5
25%
40%
34% Procurment
Salaries
Transfers
Figure 114. Monroe County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending
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Table 85. Monroe County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $551.3 $589.3 $602.5 $586.2 $557.6
Total Employment 8,292 8,630 8,666 8,370 7,982
Gross Regional Product $928.9 $961.3 $977.7 $969.2 $952.5
Total Consumption $526.0 $535.9 $558.3 $565.2 $566.9
Investment Residential $147.7 $205.7 $216.9 $200.5 $172.5
Investment Non-residential $31.0 $37.2 $39.5 $38.2 $34.9
Producer's Durable Equipment $20.1 $35.1 $45.3 $52.1 $56.5
Business Inventories $1.5 $1.7 $1.8 $1.9 $2.0
Government $45.8 $49.2 $51.7 $52.1 $51.7
Exports $913.7 $910.7 $912.2 $912.3 $914.1
Imports (subtract) $756.9 $814.1 $848.1 $853.1 $846.1
Overall, the military accounted for 8,292 jobs in Monroe County in 2016 and $929 million in total Gross Regional Product (GRP - total value of all
goods and services produced in the region), which is roughly 20% of the county’s total estimated 2016 Gross Regional Product. The total impact
for Monroe County is forecast to remain stable between 2016 and 2020. Defense activities are forecast to generate roughly 8,000 jobs in 2020—
nearly 300 less than 2016.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the county generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with
total resulting impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows:
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 86. Monroe County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs
Procurement $68.8 577 $0.0 0 $3.2 38 $72.0 615
Employment $546.2 4,583 $58.0 422 $163.4 1,920 $767.6 6,925
Transfers $87.5 734 $0.0 0 $1.5 18 $89.0 752
Totals $702.4 5,894 $58.3 422 $168.1 1,976 $928.9 8,292
Total may not sum due to rounding.
Military Impacts by Type The data in Table 86 display the military impacts by type across the various categories. This includes impacts generated by procurement, salaries
and wages, transfers and impacts generated by the military, the Coast Guard, and the National Guard. As the data in the table show, salaries and
wages paid to military, Coast Guard, and National Guard employees has the highest impact generating 6,925 jobs across the county.
Procurement flows generated 615 jobs, and transfer payments generate 752 jobs. The bulk of these jobs are generated by the military (5,894)
with the Coast Guard and the National Guard combining to generate almost 2,400 jobs.
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to
wages and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure below
benchmarks the total share of Monroe County, Florida’s income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the Southeast Florida
Region, the State of Florida, and the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a substantially larger share of personal income
in Monroe County than at the regional, state and national level, although this has declined over the past few decades.
Figure 115. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Southeast Region, and Miami-Dade County
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to
benchmark the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For Monroe County, military employees in 1980 had
earnings which totaled 151% of the Monroe County workforce’s average earnings level. For Southeast Florida, this figure was 80%, for Florida
114%, and for the US as a whole it was 87%. By 2016, the Monroe County earnings figure had risen to 223%. Southeast Florida had risen to
101%. State comparative earnings ticked up to 158%, and for the US as awhile the relative earnings ratio now stands at 122%.
Figure 116. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Southeast Region, and Monroe County
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as ashore of total employment for Monroe County against the Southeast Florida Region, the
state, and the US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for 8% of Monroe County employment, 1% of Southeast Florida
employment, 3% of Florida employment, and 2% of US employment. By 2016, these figures declined to 2%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1%, respectively.
These data indicate that the military does not directly contribute to as large a share of county employments it once did.
Figure 117. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Southeast Region, and Monroe County
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Change in Military Employment The figure below benchmarks the size of military employment in Monroe County against the 1980 total. For example, military employment in
1985 for Monroe County was 115%of the 1980 total. However, by 2010 the military had shrunk to 58% of its 1980 size in the county. Overall, we
note that military employment, relative to the 1980 totals, has declined. Indeed, military employment at the national level is currently 81% of its
1980 totals, while at the state level, it is approximately 81%. For Monroe County, military employment, in 2016, stands at approximately 53% of
its 1980 level.
Figure 118. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Southeast Region, and Monroe County
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew at 8.5%. The
region is expected to experience continuing growth of 4.2% through 2027. With respect to annual wages (wages do not include benefits provided
by employer), the County’s average annual wage is approximately $43,000, compared to the state average of $46,000. The County’s median
household income – a measure of income earned by all members of a household – is just over $68,000 compared to Florida’s $53,000.
Table 87. Demographic Estimates, Monroe County
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 72,906
Population in 2017 79,080
Population in 2027 82,429
Growth from 2007 to 2017 8.5%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 4.2%
Income
Average County Wage (2017) $43,230
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Median County Household Income (2017) $68,143
Median Florida Household Income (2017) $53,046
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the information and government sectors are the region’s highest earners, with leisure and hospitality employing the most workers. The
manufacturing industry is projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years – growing at 33%. This, along with the construction
industry, are among the highest earners (greater than the region’s average) with positive growth of at least 10% expected over the next decade.
Figure 119. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Monroe County
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Okaloosa County
Okaloosa County Summary Location: Northwest Florida Region
Home to: Eglin Air Force Base
Hurlburt Field
Eglin Air Force Base hosts the 96th Test Wing and the 7th Special Forces
Group (Airborne) and is the largest military base in the US with 724 square
miles of land range. Eglin hosts the Joint Gulf Range Complex which is a key
training resource with tremendous capabilities and commitment to
partnering for joint training.
Hurlburt Field mission is to support the training and execution of worldwide
aviation special operations such as unconventional warfare, special
reconnaissance, counter proliferation, foreign internal defense, information
operations, psychological operations, civil affairs, and combating terrorism.
Economic Impact Estimates Defense activities play a significant role in the Okaloosa County economy.
Indeed, defense activities account for a higher share of economic output in
Okaloosa County than any other county in the State of Florida. As Table 88
shows, salaries accounted for the largest share of defense spending at 46% or
over $1.6 billion of the $3.6 billion total. Procurement accounted for 35% and
transfers accounted for 20%.
Table 88. Okaloosa County: Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $1,254.3
Salaries $1,652.1
Transfers $724.3
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $3,630.8
35%
46%
20%
Procurment
Salaries
Transfers
Figure 120. Okaloosa County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending
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Table 89. Okaloosa County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $5,123.7 $5,380.3 $5,535.3 $5,506.3 $5,385.3
Total Employment 72,097 74,631 75,573 74,136 71,994
Gross Regional Product $9,739.5 $10,001.8 $10,184.6 $10,164.1 $10,079.6
Total Consumption $3,799.2 $3,965.4 $4,205.5 $4,327.5 $4,408.3
Investment Residential $1,037.8 $1,474.0 $1,585.4 $1,497.8 $1,320.7
Investment Non-residential $203.3 $268.9 $297.0 $294.3 $274.8
Producer's Durable Equipment $120.3 $216.7 $287.3 $337.6 $374.2
Business Inventories $12.2 $14.3 $14.9 $15.6 $16.2
Government $204.9 $267.6 $310.1 $333.6 $347.0
Exports $11,104.8 $11,083.6 $11,151.3 $11,106.7 $11,078.2
Imports (subtract) $6,742.6 $7,288.6 $7,667.0 $7,749.0 $7,739.7
Overall, the military accounted for over 72,000 jobs in Okaloosa County in 2016 and just over $9.7 billion in total Gross Regional Product (GRP -
total value of all goods and services produced in the region), which is roughly 67.4% of the county’s estimated 2016 Gross Regional Product. The
total impact of the defense industry on the county’s economy is forecast to increase between 2016 and 2020. However, defense activities are
forecast to generate approximately 71,994 jobs in 2020 which is roughly 100 fewer jobs than in 2016.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the county generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with total
resulting impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows:
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 90. Okaloosa County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs
Procurement $1,520.5 11,429 $0.0 0 $1.0 11 $1,521.5 11,440
Employment $6,835.4 51,378 $641.2 3,676 $6.5 75 $7,483.1 55,129
Transfers $733.5 5,513 $0.0 0 $1.4 16 $734.9 5,529
Totals $9,089.4 68,320 $641.2 3,676 $8.9 102 $9,739.5 72,097
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Military Impacts by Type The data in Table 90 display the military impacts by type across the various categories. This includes impacts generated by procurement, salaries
and wages, transfers and impacts generated by the military, the Coast Guard, and the National Guard. As the data in the table show, salaries and
wages paid to military, Coast Guard, and National Guard employees have the highest impact—generating over 55,000 jobs across the region.
Procurement flows generate 11,440 jobs, and transfer payments generate 5,529 jobs. The bulk of these jobs are generated by the military (68,320)
with the Coastguard and the National Guard combining to generate roughly 3,800 jobs in the county.
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to
wages and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure below
benchmarks the total share of Okaloosa County, Florida’s income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the Northwest Florida
Region, the State of Florida, and the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a substantially larger share of personal income
in Okaloosa County than at the regional, state, and national levels, although this has declined over the past few decades.
Figure 121. Military Share of total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Region, and Okaloosa County
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to benchmark
the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For Okaloosa County, military employees in 1980 had earnings
which totaled 140% of the Okaloosa County workforce’s average earnings level. For Northwest Florida, this figure was 145%, for Florida 114%, and
for the US as a whole, it was 87%. By 2016, the Okaloosa County earnings figure had risen to 195%. Northwest Florida had risen to 212%. State
comparative earnings ticked up to 158%, and for the US as a whole the relative earnings ratio now stands at 120%.
Figure 122. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northwest region, and Okaloosa County
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as ashore of total employment for Okaloosa County against the Northwest Florida Region, the
state, and the US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for 23% of Okaloosa County employment, 9% of Northwest Florida
employment, 3% of Florida employment, and 2% of US employment. By 2016, these figures declined to 13%, 5%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. These
data indicate that the military does not directly contribute to as large a share of county employment as it once did.
Figure 123. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Region, and Okaloosa County
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Change in Military Employment The figure below benchmarks the size of military employment in Okaloosa County against the 1980 total. For example, military employment in
1985 for Okaloosa County was 106% of the 1980 total. By 2010, the military had grown to 119% of its 1980 size in the county. Overall, we note
that military employment, relative to the 1980 totals, has declined. Indeed, military employment at the national level is currently at 81% of its
1980 totals, while at the state level, it is approximately 81%. For Okaloosa County, military employment, in 2016, stands at approximately 134%
of its 1980 level.
Figure 124. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Region, and Okaloosa County
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew at 11.8%. The
region is expected to experience continuing growth of 13.2% through 2027. With respect to annual wages (wages do not include benefits provided
by employer), the County’s average annual wage is approximately $57,000, compared to the state average of $46,000. The County’s median
household income – a measure of income earned by all members of a household – is nearly $61,000 compared to Florida’s $53,000.
Table 91. Demographic Estimates, Okaloosa County
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 182,677
Population in 2017 204,189
Population in 2027 231,165
Growth from 2007 to 2017 11.8%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 13.2%
Income
Average County Wage (2017) $56,887
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Median County Household Income (2017) $60,968
Median Florida Household Income (2017) $53,046
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the information, government, and manufacturing sectors are the region’s highest earners, with government employing the most workers. The
other services industry is projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years – growing at 18%.5 Education and health services is
the only industry that has both high earners (greater than the region’s average) and positive growth of at least 10% expected over the next decade.
Figure 125. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Okaloosa County
5 According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the other services (expect public administration) sector is comprised of establishments engaged in providing service not specifically provided elsewhere in the NAICS. Establishments in this sector are primarily engage in activities, such as equipment and machinery repairing, promoting or administering religious activities, grant making, advocacy, and provide dry cleaning and laundry services, personal care services, death care services, pet care services, photofinishing services, temporary parking services, and dating services.
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Orange County
Orange County Summary Location: East Central Region
Home to: Naval Air Warfare Center
Training
Systems Division/Naval
Support Activity
Orlando/Team Orlando
NSA Orlando is a 40-acre facility located within the Central Florida Research
Park adjacent to the University of Central Florida. Naval Support Activity
Orlando's mission is to provide shore installation support services to all
tenant DoD agencies, enabling their mission accomplishment in a joint
services environment. Naval Support Activity Orlando also served as one of
the principal foundations of Orlando’s new Central Florida Research Park,
home to a wide variety of private industry, government, and academic
organizations, many of which specialize in high-tech research and
development programs, including modeling, simulation, and training,
collectively known as Team Orlando.
Economic Impact Estimates As Table 92 shows, the Orange County economy is a significant beneficiary of
funds flowing through as a result of defense activities. Of the $5.4 billion flow
in 2016, procurement accounted for the largest share at 80% or roughly $4.4
billion. Salaries accounted for 2% and transfers accounted for 18%.
Table 92. Orange County: Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $4,356.1
Salaries $115.7
Transfers $963.4
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $5,435.2
80%
2%
18%
Procurment
Salaries
Transfers
FIGURE 126. ORANGE COUNTY: DISTRIBUTION OF DIRECT DEFENSE
SPENDING
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Table 93. Orange County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $14,145.4 $13,986.2 $14,241.6 $14,362.2 $14,294.3
Total Employment 74,581 74,536 75,067 73,890 71,764
Gross Regional Product $8,756.9 $8,788.9 $9,007.4 $9,090.0 $9,043.9
Total Consumption $3,194.8 $3,186.2 $3,338.9 $3,423.9 $3,469.3
Investment Residential $855.3 $1,173.2 $1,236.2 $1,152.3 $1,002.4
Investment Non-residential $311.1 $406.7 $442.2 $436.4 $409.3
Producer's Durable Equipment $188.9 $323.8 $420.7 $492.1 $547.3
Business Inventories $91.5 $105.7 $112.8 $121.5 $129.7
Government $272.4 $414.0 $502.4 $553.7 $582.8
Exports $7,853.3 $7,353.1 $7,345.0 $7,431.4 $7,469.7
Imports (subtract) $4,029.4 $4,173.9 $4,390.7 $4,521.3 $4,566.7
Overall, the military accounted for 74,581 jobs in Orange County in 2016 and roughly $8.8 Billion in total Gross Regional Product (GRP – total value
of all goods and services produced in the region), which is roughly 8.4% of the county’s estimated 2016 Gross Regional Product. The total impact
for the region is forecast to remain rather stable between 2016 and 2020. Defense activities are forecast to generate 71,764 jobs in 2020. This
amounts to just under 3,000 less jobs in the county by 2020.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the county generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with total
resulting impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows:
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 94. Orange County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs
Procurement $5,027.0 42,736 $0.0 0 $3.3 30 $5,030.3 42,766
Employment $1,311.8 11,152 $173.0 1,575 $27.2 250 $1,512.0 12,977
Transfers $2,203.5 18,733 $0.0 0 $11.4 105 $2,215.0 18,838
Totals $8,542.3 72,621 $172.6 1,575 $41.9 385 $8,756.9 74,581
Total may not sum due to rounding.
Military Impacts by Type The data in Table 94 display the military impacts by type across the various categories. This includes impacts generated by procurement, salaries
and wages, transfers and impacts generated by the military, the Coast Guard, and the National Guard. As the data in the table show,
procurement had the highest impact—generating over 42,500 jobs across the region. Salaries and wages generated 12,977 jobs and transfer
payments generated 18,838 jobs. The bulk of these jobs are generated by the military (72,621) with the Coast Guard and the National Guard
combining to generate just under 2,000 jobs in the county.
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to
wages and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure below
benchmarks the total share of Orange County, Florida income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the East Central Florida
Region, the State of Florida, and the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a slightly smaller share of personal income in
Orange County than at the regional, state, and national levels, a fairly sharp turn since 1990.
Figure 127. Military Share of total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, East Central Region, and Orange County
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to
benchmark the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For Orange County, military employees in 1980 had
earnings which totaled 105% of the Orange County workforce’s average earnings level. For East Central Florida, this figure was 109%, for Florida
114%, and for the US as a whole it was 87%. By 2016, the Orange County earnings figure had fallen to 80%. East Central had risen to 106%. State
comparative earnings ticked up to 158%, and for the US as a whole the relative earnings ratio now stands at 120%.
Figure 128. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, East Central region, and Orange County
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as ashore of total employment for Orange County against the East Central Florida Region, the
state, and the US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for 5% of Orange County employment, 3% of East Central Florida
employment, about 3% of Florida employment, and 2% of US employment. By 2016, these figures declined to 0.3%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1%,
respectively. These data indicate that the military does not directly contribute to as large a share of county employment as it once did.
Figure 129. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, East Central Region, and Orange County
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Change in Military Employment The figure below benchmarks the size of military employment in Orange County against the 1980 total. For example, military employment in
1985 for Orange County was 105%of the 1980 total. However, by 2010 the military had shrunk to 17% of its 1980 size in the county. Overall, we
note that military employment, relative to the 1980 totals, has declined. Indeed, military employment at the national level is currently at 81% of
its 1980 totals, while at the state level, it is also approximately 81%. For Orange County, military employment, in 2016, stands at approximately
18% of its 1980 level.
Figure 130. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, East Central Region, and Orange County
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew at 23.2%. The
region is expected to experience continuing growth of 32.4% through 2027. With respect to annual wages (wages do not include benefits provided
by employer), the County’s average annual wage is approximately $64,000, compared to the state average of $46,000. The County’s median
household income – a measure of income earned by all members of a household – is nearly $52,500 compared to Florida’s $53,000.
Table 95. Demographic Estimates, Orange County
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 1,100,663
Population in 2017 1,355,804
Population in 2027 1,795,207
Growth from 2007 to 2017 23.2%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 32.4%
Income
Average County Wage (2017) $63,908
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Median County Household Income (2017) $52,667
Median Florida Household Income (2017) $53,046
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the information, financial activities, and manufacturing sectors are the region’s highest earners, with leisure and hospitality employing the most
workers. The education and health services industry is projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years – growing at 23%. This,
along with the government and construction industries, are among the highest earners (greater than the region’s average) with positive growth
of at least 10% expected over the next decade.
Figure 131. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth – Orange County
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Pinellas County
Pinellas County Summary Location: Tampa Bay Florida Region
Home to: United States Coast Guard Air
Station Clearwater
Coast Guard Air Station Clearwater is the largest and busiest Air Station in
the Coast Guard. The Area of Operations includes the Gulf of Mexico, the
Caribbean basin, and the Bahamas. The Stations maintains deployed H-60s
for Operations Bahamas, and Turks and Caicos engaging anti-drug and
migrant smuggling operations. The Station also has C-130s deployed in
support of its operations in the Caribbean.
Economic Impact Estimates As Table 96 shows, the Pinellas County economy is a significant beneficiary
of dollars associated with defense activities—over $1.9 billion direct dollars
in 2016. Transfers accounted for the largest share at 64% or roughly $1.2
billion of the $1.9 billion total. Salaries accounted for 6%, and procurement
accounted for 31%.
Table 96. Pinellas County: Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $596.7
Salaries $112.5
Transfers $1,239.9
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $1,949.0
31%
6%64%
Procurment
Salaries
Transfers
Figure 132. Pinellas County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending
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Table 97. Pinellas County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $5,285.6 $5,684.5 $5,925.3 $5,945.2 $5,858.2
Total Employment 40,887 43,840 45,045 44,360 43,019
Gross Regional Product $4,066.1 $4,353.9 $4,535.8 $4,567.7 $4,528.2
Total Consumption $2,602.4 $2,704.1 $2,854.8 $2,941.5 $3,009.1
Investment Residential $690.4 $976.3 $1,046.5 $988.9 $876.3
Investment Non-residential $169.9 $232.9 $261.3 $262.3 $248.3
Producer's Durable Equipment $101.7 $182.5 $243.5 $288.7 $323.5
Business Inventories $9.1 $10.3 $10.2 $9.9 $9.5
Government $117.6 $180.2 $220.2 $243.8 $258.0
Exports $2,113.3 $2,064.9 $2,063.7 $2,063.3 $2,051.2
Imports (subtract) $1,735.8 $1,997.3 $2,164.3 $2,230.6 $2,247.7
Overall, the military accounted for over 40,800 jobs in Pinellas County in 2016 and just over $4.0 billion in total Gross Regional Product (GRP - total
value of all goods and services produced in the region). This is 7.5% of the county’s estimated 2016 Gross Regional Product. The total impact for
the region is forecast to rise between 2016 and 2020. Defense activities are forecast to generate 43,019 jobs in 2020. This is over 2,100 additional
jobs, and almost an additional $500 million in GRP by 2020.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the county generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with
total resulting impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows:
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 98. Pinellas County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs
Procurement $818.3 8,196 $0.0 0 $13.8 147 $832.1 8,343
Employment $843.7 8,450 $216.1 2,081 $370.0 3,931 $1,429.7 14,462
Transfers $1,783.7 17,865 $0.0 0 $20.5 218 $1,804.2 18,083
Totals $3,445.6 34,510 $216.1 2,081 $404.4 4,296 $4,066.1 40,887
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Military Impacts by Type The data in Table 98 display the military impacts by type across the various categories. This includes impacts generated by procurement, salaries
and wages, transfers and impacts generated by the military, the Coast Guard, and the National Guard. As the data in the table show, transfers to
military, Coast Guard, and National Guard have the highest impact—generating 18,083 jobs across the region. Procurement flows generate 8,343
jobs, and salaries generate 14,462 jobs. The bulk of these jobs are generated by the military (34,510) with the Coast Guard and the National Guard
combining to generate over 6,300 jobs in the county.
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to wages
and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure below
benchmarks the total share of Pinellas County, Florida’s income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the Tampa Bay Florida
Region, the State of Florida, and the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a slightly smaller share of personal income in
Pinellas County than at the regional, state, and national levels. The Pinellas County share has fluctuated only slightly in the last few decades.
Figure 133. Military Share of total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay Region, and Pinellas County
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to benchmark
the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For Pinellas County, military employees in 1980 had earnings which
totaled 64% of the Pinellas County workforce’s average earnings level. For the Tampa Bay region of Florida, this figure was 95%, for Florida 114%,
and for the US as a whole it was 87%. By 2016, the Pinellas County earnings figure had risen to 110%. The Tampa Bay region increased to 150%,
the state figure increased to 158%, and for the US as a whole the relative earnings ratio now stands at 120%.
Figure 134. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay region, and Pinellas County
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as ashore of total employment for Pinellas County against the Tampa Bay Region, the state,
and the US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for about 1% of Pinellas County employment, 1% of the Tampa Bay Region
employment, 3% of Florida employment, and 2% of US employment. By 2016, these figures declined to 0.5%, 1%, 1% and 1%, respectively. These
data indicate that the military directly contributes approximately the same share of county employment as in 1980.
Figure 135. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay Region, and Pinellas County
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Change in Military Employment The figure below benchmarks the size of military employment in Pinellas County against the 1980 total. For example, military employment in 1985
for Pinellas County was 113%of the 1980 total. By 2010 the military had 116% in the county. Overall, we note that military employment, relative
to the 1980 totals, has declined. Military employment at the national level is currently at 81% of its 1980 totals, while at the state level, it is
approximately 81%. For Pinellas County, however, military employment, in 2016, stands at approximately 108% of its 1980 level.
Figure 136. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay Region, and Pinellas County
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew at 5.8%. The
region is expected to experience continuing growth of 11.5% through 2027. With respect to annual wages (wages do not include benefits provided
by employer), the County’s average annual wage is approximately $48,500, compared to the state average of $46,000. The County’s median
household income – a measure of income earned by all members of a household – is just over $51,000 compared to Florida’s $53,000.
Table 99. Demographic Estimates, Pinellas County
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 918,624
Population in 2017 971,677
Population in 2027 1,083,413
Growth from 2007 to 2017 5.8%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 11.5%
Income
Average County Wage (2017) $48,453
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Median County Household Income (2017) $51,165
Median Florida Household Income (2017) $53,046
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the information, government, and manufacturing sectors are the region’s highest earners, with education and health services, professional and
business services, and trade, transportation, and utilities industries employing the most workers – roughly 77,000 each. The education and health
services industry is projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years – growing at 14%. This, along with the construction industry,
are among the highest earners (greater than the region’s average) with positive growth of at least 10% expected over the next decade.
Figure 137. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth, Pinellas County
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Polk County
Polk County Summary Location: Tampa Bay Florida Region
Home to: Avon Park Air Force Range
Avon Park Air Force Range (Highlands and Polk Counties) is the largest
live ordnance bombing and gunnery range east of the Mississippi River.
Avon Park Air Force Range includes 400 square miles of restricted
airspace, 1,000 square miles of military operating area, and 100,929
acres, providing an important training facility for Active, Guard, and
Reserve military units from the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, and
Coast Guard, and for special operations and Homeland Security
personnel.
Economic Impact Estimates Polk County benefits substantially from defense activities. As indicated in
Table 100, in 2016, an estimated $538 million flowed through to Polk
County. Transfer payments accounted for the largest share at 89% or
roughly $479 million of the total. Salaries accounted for 6%, and
procurement accounted for 5%.
Table 100. Polk County: Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $28.8
Salaries $29.9
Transfers $479.1
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $537.7
5%6%
89%
Procurment
Salaries
Transfers
Figure 138. Polk County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending
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Table 101. Polk County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $1,425.9 $1,617.6 $1,710.7 $1,709.1 $1,663.3
Total Employment 11,673 13,075 13,634 13,415 12,898
Gross Regional Product $935.4 $1,061.9 $1,128.3 $1,134.4 $1,112.4
Total Consumption $847.5 $901.0 $958.8 $990.3 $1,011.7
Investment Residential $225.7 $323.6 $349.7 $331.5 $293.0
Investment Non-residential $51.0 $72.0 $81.9 $82.4 $77.4
Producer's Durable Equipment $31.6 $58.1 $78.6 $93.7 $104.9
Business Inventories $2.5 $2.9 $2.8 $2.6 $2.3
Government $37.9 $62.8 $79.3 $88.3 $92.8
Exports $593.9 $628.8 $648.4 $643.3 $626.5
Imports (subtract) $854.6 $987.2 $1,071.3 $1,097.6 $1,096.1
Overall, defense activities generated nearly 11,700 jobs in Polk County in 2016 and $935 million in total Gross Regional Product (GRP - total value
of all goods and services produced in the region), which is roughly 4.1% of the county’s estimated 2016 Gross Regional Product. The total impact
for the county is forecast to increase between 2016 and 2020. Defense activities are forecast to generate about 12,898 jobs in 2020. This
amounts to an additional 1,200 jobs in the region by 2020.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the county generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with
total resulting impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows:
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 102. Polk County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs
Procurement $173.4 2,173 $0.0 0 $1.3 15 $174.6 2,188
Employment $211.6 2,653 $33.1 371 $7.6 90 $252.3 3,114
Transfers $505.2 6,333 $0.0 0 $3.3 39 $508.5 6,372
Totals $890.2 11,158 $33.1 371 $12.1 144 $935.4 11,673
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Military Impacts by Type The data in Table 102 display the military impacts by type across the various categories. This includes impacts generated by procurement, salaries
and wages, transfers and impacts generated by the military, the Coast Guard, and the National Guard. As the data in the table show, transfer
payments have the highest impact—generating just under 6,400 jobs across the region. Procurement flows generated 2,188 jobs, and salaries and
wages paid to military, Coast Guard, and National Guard employees generated 3,114 jobs. The bulk of these jobs are associated with the military
(11,158) with the Coast Guard and the National Guard combining to generate just over 500 jobs in the county.
Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income, and supplements to wages
and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure below
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benchmarks the total share of Polk County, Florida’s income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the Tampa Bay Region, the
State of Florida, and the US. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a slightly smaller share of personal income in Polk County
than at the regional, state, and national levels, consistent with past decades.
Figure 139. Military Share of total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay Region, and Polk County
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earnings per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to benchmark
the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For Polk County, military employees in 1980 had earnings which
totaled 28% of the Polk County workforce’s average earnings level. For the Tampa Bay region of Florida, this figure was 95%, for Florida 114%, and
for the US as a whole it was 87%. By 2016, the Polk County earnings figure had risen to 76%. The Tampa Bay region increased to 150%, state
comparative earnings increased to 158%, and for the US as a whole the relative earnings ratio is now at 120%.
Figure 140. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay region, and Polk County
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Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as a share of total employment for Polk County against the Tampa Bay Florida Region, the
state, and the US. As the data indicate, in 1980 the military accounted for about .5% of Polk County employment, over 1% of the Tampa Bay Region
employment, about 3% of Florida employment, and 2% of US employment. By 2016, these figures declined to 0.5%, 1%, 1%, and 1%, respectively.
These data indicate that the military does not directly contribute to as large a share of county employment as it once did.
Figure 141. Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay Region, and Polk County
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Change in Military Employment The figure below benchmarks the size of military employment in Polk County against the 1980 total. For example, military employment in 1985
for Polk County was 127% of the 1980 total. By 2010, the military had grown to 150% of its 1980 size in the county. Overall, we note that military
employment, relative to the 1980 totals, has declined. Indeed, military employment at the national level is currently at 81% of its 1980 totals,
while at the state level, it is also approximately 81%. For Polk County, military employment, in 2016, stands at approximately 153% of its 1980
level.
Figure 142. Total Military Employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Tampa Bay Region, and Polk County
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Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew at 15.9%. The
region is expected to experience continuing growth of 19.1% through 2027. With respect to annual wages (wages do not include benefits provided
by employer), the County’s average annual wage is approximately $36,700, compared to the state average of $46,000. The County’s median
household income – a measure of income earned by all members of a household – is just over $47,300 compared to Florida’s $53,000.
Table 103. Demographic Estimates, Polk County
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 585,982
Population in 2017 678,880
Population in 2027 808,423
Growth from 2007 to 2017 15.9%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 19.1%
Income
Average County Wage (2017) $36,781
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Median County Household Income (2017) $47,350
Median Florida Household Income (2017) $53,046
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
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The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the information, government, and financial activities sectors are the region’s highest earners, with trade, transportation, and utilities industry
employing the most workers. The education and health services industry is projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years –
growing at 15%. This is the only industry in the county with earnings greater than the county average and positive growth of at least 10% expected
over the next decade.
Figure 143. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth, Polk County
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Santa Rosa County
Santa Rosa County Summary Location: Northwest Florida Region
Home to: Naval Air Station Whiting Field
Naval Air Station Whiting Field’s mission is to produce the military’s best
trained “Aviation Warfighter.” Naval Air Station Whiting Field is where the
future of Naval Aviation begins. With 12 outlying fields, Naval Air Station
Whiting hosts 21 tenant activities, including Training Air Wing 5 which
produces over 700 pilots a year. Naval Air Station Whiting Field owns 61%
of Navy outlying landing fields, and 11% of all DoD flight hours are flown
out of NAS Whiting annually.
Economic Impact Estimates As the data in Table 104 indicate, Santa Rosa County is a significant
beneficiary of funding associated with defense activities—just over a half
million dollars in 2016. Transfer payments accounted for the largest share at
80% or roughly $418 million of the total. Salaries accounted for 10%, and
procurement accounted for 10%.
Table 104. Santa Rosa County: Combined Direct Defense
Expenditures
Spending Flow Millions USD
Procurement $51.0
Salaries $52.2
Transfers $417.7
Total Combined Direct Expenditures $520.9
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Figure 144. Santa Rosa County: Distribution of Direct Defense Spending
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Table 105. Santa Rosa County: Economic Impact Forecast, 2016 – 2020
Current Millions USD
Impact Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total Sales $1,496.9 $1,748.9 $1,872.1 $1,866.2 $1,795.7
Total Employment 15,826 18,708 19,811 19,528 18,642
Gross Regional Product $1,438.5 $1,650.8 $1,749.0 $1,755.5 $1,718.2
Total Consumption $2,078.3 $2,274.8 $2,464.7 $2,558.6 $2,606.6
Investment Residential $553.8 $815.4 $901.5 $869.1 $775.5
Investment Non-residential $93.4 $126.9 $143.1 $142.8 $132.4
Producer's Durable Equipment $54.4 $101.4 $137.6 $163.5 $181.7
Business Inventories $1.8 $2.1 $2.1 $2.0 $1.9
Government $66.1 $95.4 $116.5 $128.3 $134.5
Exports $1,157.2 $1,167.2 $1,175.6 $1,162.9 $1,145.8
Imports (subtract) $2,535.2 $2,932.5 $3,192.1 $3,271.8 $3,260.3
Overall, defense activities generated 15,826 jobs in Santa Rosa County in 2016 and just over $1.4 billion in total Gross Regional Product (GRP -
total value of all goods and services produced in the region). This is roughly 36.3% of the county’s estimated 2016 Gross Regional Product. The
total impact for the county is forecast to increase between 2016 and 2020. Defense activities are forecast to generate 18,642 jobs by 2020. This
amounts to just under 3,000 additional jobs in the county by 2020.
Direct defense expenditures expended in the county generated additional employment, wages, consumption spending, and investment with
total resulting impacts indicated in the table above. The impact categories are defined as follows:
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Total Sales represents the total value of all goods and services sold as a result of military activities. This includes direct spending, wages,
transfer payments plus spending associated with multiplier effects as initial receipts are re-spent. It incorporates the value of goods and
services produced and sold in the region, imports into the region, and exports from the region.
Total Employment measures jobs generated by military activities.
Total Consumption consists of total purchases across the economy to include food, housing, transportation, medical care, computers,
furniture, etc.
Investment expenditures include residential and non-residential real estate as well as investment in producers’ durable equipment and
business inventories.
Government revenues include state and local government spending that occurs as a result of the combined activities that are modeled.
Gross Regional Product is the sum of consumption, investment, government revenues, and exports less imports. It represents the total
dollar value added of all goods and services produced as a result of defense spending.
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Table 106. Santa Rosa County: Total Economic Impacts by Component, Jobs, and Gross Regional Product (2016)
Millions USD
Spending Flow Federal Military National Guard Coast Guard Total
GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs GRP Jobs
Procurement $136.8 1,529 $0.0 0 $0.1 2 $136.9 1,531
Employment $914.8 10,228 $87.6 688 $4.3 73 $1,006.6 10,989
Transfers $293.7 3,284 $0.0 0 $1.3 22 $295.0 3,306
Totals $1,345.3 15,041 $87.6 688 $5.7 97 $1,438.5 15,826
Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Military Impacts by Type The data in Table 106 display the military impacts by type across the various categories. This includes impacts generated by procurement, salaries
and wages, and transfers and impacts generated by the military, the Coast Guard, and the National Guard. As the data in the table show, salaries
and wages paid to military, Coast Guard, and National Guard employees have the highest impact—generating nearly 11,000 jobs across the region.
Procurement flows generate 1,531 jobs and transfer payments generate 3,306 jobs. The bulk of these jobs are generated by the military (15,041)
with the Coast Guard and the National Guard combining to generate just under 800 jobs in the county.
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Military Share of Total Earnings Earnings account for the majority of personal income and include wage and salary disbursements, proprietors’ income and supplements to wages
and salaries. Earnings are therefore a proxy economic impact measure, which are inclusive of more than simply income. The figure below
benchmarks the total share of Santa Rosa County, Florida’s income that can be attributed to the military (over time) against the Northwest Florida
Region, the US and the State of Florida. As the data reflect, the military currently contributes to a substantially larger share of personal income in
Santa Rosa County than at the state and national levels and a slightly smaller share than the Northwest Florida Region.
Figure 145. Military Share of Total Earnings, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Florida Region, and Santa Rosa County
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Average Military Earnings versus Average Total Earnings The figure below displays the ratio of average military earning per military worker to average earnings per worker. It thus allows us to benchmark
the earnings of military employees against the earnings patterns of all workers. For Santa Rosa County, military employees in 1980 had earnings
which totaled 145% of the Santa Rosa County workforce’s average earnings level. For Northwest Florida, this figure was also 145%, for Florida
114% and for the US as a whole it was 87%. By 2016, the Santa Rosa County earnings figure had risen to 323%, Northwest Florida increased to
212%, state comparative earnings had risen to 158% and for the US the relative earnings ratio increased to 120%.
Figure 146. Average Military Earnings vs Average Total Earnings, 1970 -2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Florida Region, and Santa Rosa County
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Military Employment as a Share of Total Employment The figure below benchmarks military employment as a share of total employment for Santa Rosa County against the Northwest Florida Region,
the state and the US. As the data indicate, in 1980, the military accounted for 13% of Santa Rosa County employment, 9% of Northwest Florida
employment, 3% of Florida employment and 2% of US employment. By 2014, these figures declined to 3%, 5%, 1% and 1%, respectively. These
data indicate that the military does not directly contribute to as large a share of county employment as it once did.
Figure 147. Military Employment as a share of Total Employment, 1970 -2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Florida, and Santa Rosa County
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Santa Rosa
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Change in Military Employment The figure below benchmarks the size of military employment in Santa Rosa County against the 1980 total. For example, military employment in
1985 for Santa Rosa County was 90% of the 1980 total. However, by 2010 the military had shrunk to 59% of its 1980 size in the county. Overall,
we note that military employment, relative to the 1980 totals, has declined. Indeed, military employment at the national level is currently at 81%
of its 1980 totals, while at the state level, it is also approximately 81%. For Santa Rosa County, military employment in 2016 stands at approximately
60% of its 1980 level.
Figure 148. Total employment Indexed to 1980, 1970 – 2025: United States, Florida, Northwest Florida Region, and Santa Rosa COUNTY
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Demographics and the Regional Economy The table below contains information on regional population growth rates as well as income (for all industries, not just defense) statistics. These
include the most recent quarter of data available at the time of publication. Between 2007 and 2017, the region’s population grew at 19%. The
region is expected to experience continuing growth of 19.5% through 2027. With respect to annual wages (wages do not include benefits provided
by employer), the County’s average annual wage is approximately $22,000, compared to the state average of $46,000. The County’s median
household income – a measure of income earned by all members of a household – is just over $64,500 compared to Florida’s $53,000.
Table 107. Demographic Estimates, Santa Rosa County
Total Population Estimate
Population in 2007 146,158
Population in 2017 173,928
Population in 2027 207,841
Growth from 2007 to 2017 19.0%
Growth from 2017 to 2027 19.5%
Income
Average County Wage (2017) $22,083
Average Florida Wage (2017) $45,975
Median County Household Income (2017) $64,531
Median Florida Household Income (2017) $53,046
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Moody’s Analytics
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
The figure below tracks earnings and growth rates for key industries in the region. The size of the bubble represents overall direct employment,
while growth rates are displayed on the horizontal axis, and average earnings per worker are displayed on the vertical axis. As the figure shows,
the government and manufacturing sectors are the region’s highest earners, with government employing the most workers. The education and
health services industry is projected to be the fastest growing industry over the next 10 years – growing at 30%. This, along with the financial
activities and manufacturing industries, are among the highest earners (greater than the region’s average) with positive growth of at least 10%
expected over the next decade.
Figure 149. Regional Industry and Earnings Growth, Santa Rosa County
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10-Year GrowthAgriculture, natural resources, and mining
Construction
Education and health services
Financial activities
Government
Information
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Average Earnings Per Worker
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Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
Florida Defense Industry Economic Impact Analysis 2017 Update
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FLORIDA DEFENSE INDUSTRY ECONOMIC IMPACT ANALYSISDECEMBER 2017
This study was commissioned and sponsored
by the Florida Defense Support Task Force.
For more information, please visit
www.enterpriseflorida.com/fdstf.