TRB/APTA 2004Bus Rapid Transit Conference
Estimated BenefitsEstimated Benefits and Costs of Selected and Costs of Selected
BRT AttributesBRT Attributes 3:00 – 4:30 p.m.3:00 – 4:30 p.m.
Joseph A. CalabreseCEO, Greater Cleveland Regional Transit AuthorityCEO, Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority
(Moderator)(Moderator)
TRB/APTA 2004Bus Rapid Transit Conference
• “Characteristics of Bus Rapid Transit”, Walter Kulyk
• TCRP A-23A, “Cost and Effectiveness of Selected Bus Rapid Transit Components”, Alan Danaher
• “Cost and Benefit Performance Measures”, Donald Schneck
Session Presentations
TRB/APTA 2004Bus Rapid Transit Conference
Donald C. Schneck
• BSCE from Drexel University• Senior Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton• Nearly 30 years of transportation planning experience
focused on strategic, capital and business planning; MIS corridor planning; financial planning; and program management of new federal initiatives.
• Too many other projects and activities to mention here, so I’ll let the moderator summarize them.
Cost and BenefitPerformance Measures
Donald C. SchneckSenior Associate
Booz|Allen|Hamilton
May 2004
Overview of Presentation
Elements of BRTCritical BRT Issues Elements and Interrelationships Goals, Elements and Performance Measures
FTA Characteristics of BRT ReportBRT Characteristics Elements Performance Measures
Overview
Elements Are Building Blocks of BRT – Implemented Independently or Incrementally
SERVICE AND OPERATIONSPLAN
RUNNINGWAYS
STATIONS
VEHICLES
FARE COLLECTION
ITS
BRT Elements
The CBRT Effort is Organized to Focus on Measures of Performance and Benefits
Running WaysStationsVehiclesService and Route StructureFare CollectionIntelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
Travel Time
Image
Ridership
PassengerCapacity
Travel Times
BRT Elements
PerformanceAttributes
Performance Measures,
i.e.
Safety/Security
System Capacity
Reliability
Performance Categories
Characteristics of BRT (CBRT) DocumentSummary Outline
Major Elements (Design Options and Cost)Maximizing BRT Performance Measures
Travel Time Reliability Image (Identity, Branding) Safety and Security (Access, Comfort, Safety) System Capacity (Capacity, Revenues)
Benefits of BRT Ridership, Economic Development, Environment
BRT System Effectiveness Capital Cost Effectiveness, Operating Efficiency
CBRT Report
A Focus on Performance Allows for a More Thorough Discussion of Interrelationships
SERVICE & ROUTESTRUCTURE
RUNNINGWAYS
STATIONS
VEHICLES
FARE COLLECTION
ITS
Reliability ImageBRTELEMENTS
Performance Interrelationships
PERFORMANCE ATTRIBUTES
TravelTime
System Capacity
Passenger Safety and
Security
Travel Time
System Capacity
Passenger Safety and Security
BRT Performance Attributesand Their Measures
1. Running Way Travel Time2. Station Dwell Time3. Wait Time4. Transfer Time
5. Running Way Reliability6. Station Dwell Reliability
7. Brand Identity8. Community Integration
9. Passenger Safety10. Passenger Security
11. Person Capacity12. Passenger Capacity
Reliability
ImageGoals
PerformanceAttributes
Performance Measures
Performance Measures
BRT Project Goals
Travel Time Performance Measuresand Related Metrics
Running Way or In-Vehicle Travel Time – Vehicle Congestion, Intersection Delays, Station Stops, Route Structure
Station Dwell Times – Platform Dimensions, Vehicle
Layout, Fare Collection, Precision Docking
Wait Time – Passenger Information, Service Frequency,
Route Structure
Transfer Time – Vertical and Horizontal In Station
Movement
Travel Time Measures
BRT Elements to Reduce Travel Times
Running Way – Segregation
Running Way – Passing Capability
ITS – Traffic Signal Priority
Service and Operations Planning – Station Spacing
Travel Time Elements
BRT Elements to Reduce Station Dwell Time
Stations – Platform Height
Stations – Platform Length
Vehicles – Vehicle Layout
Fare Collection – Process
Fare Collection – Media Type
ITS – Precision Docking
Station Dwell Time Elements
BRT Elements to Reduce Wait and Transfer Times
ITS – Advanced Passenger Information SystemsService and Operations Planning – Service FrequencyService and Operations Planning – Route StructureStations – Interchange FacilitiesService and Operations Plan – Route Structure
Wait and Transfer Time Elements
Reliability Performance Measuresand Related Metrics
Reliability Focuses on Consistency, i.e. the variance in the various travel time measures
Running Way Travel Time Reliability – Vehicle Congestion, Intersection Delays, Station Stops, Route
Structure
Station Dwell Time Reliability – Platform Dimensions, Vehicle Layout, Fare Collection, Precision Docking
Service Reliability – Passenger Information, Service Frequency, Route Structure
Reliability Measures
BRT Elements to Improve Reliability
Running Way – Segregation and Passing Capability
Station – Platform Height and Length
Vehicle – Vehicle Layout and Type
Service and Operations Plan – Station Spacing, Route Structure and Service Frequency
Fare Collection – Process and Media
ITS – Traffic Signal Priority and Operations Management Systems, Computer Aided Dispatch
Reliability Elements
Image Performance Measures and Elements
Brand Identity Measures – Premium Level Service and Style, Unique Separation From Other Travel Options, Enhanced Amenities, and Sleek and Modern Aesthetics
Brand Identity Elements – Running Way Style, Vehicle Style and Propulsion, Distinctive Station Design, Higher Technology Applications
Community Integration Measures – Pedestrian and Vehicle Access Facilities, Passenger Information Reporting, and Consistent Signage
Community Integration Elements – Running Way Segregation and Station Integration
Image Measures and Elements
Passenger Safety and Security Performance Measures, and Elements
Safety Measures – Accident Rates, Public Perception, Risk Management Costs, Maintenance Costs
Safety Elements – Running Way Design and Guidance, Station Platform Height, Amenities, Low Floor Vehicles, Assist and Automation Features, Clear Sight Lines, Lighting, Operations Management Systems
Security Measures – Crime Rate Frequency and Severity
Security Elements – Running Way Design and Guidance, Station Platform Height, Safety and Security Amenities, Vehicles Low Floor, Assist and Automation, Passenger Information, Operations Management Systems
Safety/Security Measures and Elements
System Capacity Performance Measures
Capacity Is Maximum Passenger Throughput Measure Determined by Lowest Capacity Element Utilization Rate is Demand Divided by Design Capacity
Maximum Capacity Measures Person Capacity in Passengers per Hour Vehicle Capacity in Seated and Standing or Minimum
Square Feet of Floor Space Station Capacity in Passenger Movement, Transfers
and Boardings Vehicle Capacity in Vehicle Throughput
Capacity Measures
System Capacity Performance Measure Metrics
Vehicle Loading Capacity Average Dwell Time and Variance Station Entry and Exit Clearance Times Failure Rate Averages and Variance Times to Recover Vehicle Door Number, Size and Use Station Design Number of Vehicle Loading or Berthing Areas Vehicle Loading Area Design Configuration
Operator Policy – Schedule Performance and Passenger Loading Design Capacity
Passenger Demand Characteristics – Trip Length, Transfer Rates and Peaking Factors
Capacity Performance Metrics and Elements
System Capacity Elements
Running Ways Higher Levels of Separation Accommodate
Increasing Numbers of Vehicle Throughput Passing Capability at Stations and Along Running
Ways
Station Layout and Design Directly Influences Vehicle
Service Times or Throughput Platform Height Impacts Boarding and Alighting
Times Berthing Areas Affect Vehicle Throughput
Capacity Elements
System Capacity Elements
Vehicle Design Size Affects Station Design Needs Size and layout Affects Passenger Capacity
Service and Operations Plan Operating Procedures Service Configuration of Local, Skip and Express Failure Response Operating Speeds Multidoor Boarding and Alighting
ITS – Vehicle Prioritization, Collision Avoidance, Precision Docking
Capacity Elements
Benefits of BRT Implementation
Higher Ridership
Focused Economic Development
Improvement in Environmental Impacts
Enhanced Revenue Generation
Increased Capital Cost Effectiveness
Greater Opportunity for Operating Efficiencies
BRT Benefits