TRB/APTA 2004Bus Rapid Transit Conference

Estimated BenefitsEstimated Benefits and Costs of Selected and Costs of Selected

BRT AttributesBRT Attributes 3:00 – 4:30 p.m.3:00 – 4:30 p.m.

Joseph A. CalabreseCEO, Greater Cleveland Regional Transit AuthorityCEO, Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority

(Moderator)(Moderator)

TRB/APTA 2004Bus Rapid Transit Conference

• “Characteristics of Bus Rapid Transit”, Walter Kulyk

• TCRP A-23A, “Cost and Effectiveness of Selected Bus Rapid Transit Components”, Alan Danaher

• “Cost and Benefit Performance Measures”, Donald Schneck

Session Presentations

TRB/APTA 2004Bus Rapid Transit Conference

Donald C. Schneck

• BSCE from Drexel University• Senior Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton• Nearly 30 years of transportation planning experience

focused on strategic, capital and business planning; MIS corridor planning; financial planning; and program management of new federal initiatives.

• Too many other projects and activities to mention here, so I’ll let the moderator summarize them.

Cost and BenefitPerformance Measures

Donald C. SchneckSenior Associate

Booz|Allen|Hamilton

May 2004

Overview of Presentation

Elements of BRTCritical BRT Issues Elements and Interrelationships Goals, Elements and Performance Measures

FTA Characteristics of BRT ReportBRT Characteristics Elements Performance Measures

Overview

Elements Are Building Blocks of BRT – Implemented Independently or Incrementally

SERVICE AND OPERATIONSPLAN

RUNNINGWAYS

STATIONS

VEHICLES

FARE COLLECTION

ITS

BRT Elements

The CBRT Effort is Organized to Focus on Measures of Performance and Benefits

Running WaysStationsVehiclesService and Route StructureFare CollectionIntelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

Travel Time

Image

Ridership

PassengerCapacity

Travel Times

BRT Elements

PerformanceAttributes

Performance Measures,

i.e.

Safety/Security

System Capacity

Reliability

Performance Categories

Characteristics of BRT (CBRT) DocumentSummary Outline

Major Elements (Design Options and Cost)Maximizing BRT Performance Measures

Travel Time Reliability Image (Identity, Branding) Safety and Security (Access, Comfort, Safety) System Capacity (Capacity, Revenues)

Benefits of BRT Ridership, Economic Development, Environment

BRT System Effectiveness Capital Cost Effectiveness, Operating Efficiency

CBRT Report

A Focus on Performance Allows for a More Thorough Discussion of Interrelationships

SERVICE & ROUTESTRUCTURE

RUNNINGWAYS

STATIONS

VEHICLES

FARE COLLECTION

ITS

Reliability ImageBRTELEMENTS

Performance Interrelationships

PERFORMANCE ATTRIBUTES

TravelTime

System Capacity

Passenger Safety and

Security

Travel Time

System Capacity

Passenger Safety and Security

BRT Performance Attributesand Their Measures

1. Running Way Travel Time2. Station Dwell Time3. Wait Time4. Transfer Time

5. Running Way Reliability6. Station Dwell Reliability

7. Brand Identity8. Community Integration

9. Passenger Safety10. Passenger Security

11. Person Capacity12. Passenger Capacity

Reliability

ImageGoals

PerformanceAttributes

Performance Measures

Performance Measures

BRT Project Goals

Travel Time Performance Measuresand Related Metrics

Running Way or In-Vehicle Travel Time – Vehicle Congestion, Intersection Delays, Station Stops, Route Structure

Station Dwell Times – Platform Dimensions, Vehicle

Layout, Fare Collection, Precision Docking

Wait Time – Passenger Information, Service Frequency,

Route Structure

Transfer Time – Vertical and Horizontal In Station

Movement

Travel Time Measures

BRT Elements to Reduce Travel Times

Running Way – Segregation

Running Way – Passing Capability

ITS – Traffic Signal Priority

Service and Operations Planning – Station Spacing

Travel Time Elements

BRT Elements to Reduce Station Dwell Time

Stations – Platform Height

Stations – Platform Length

Vehicles – Vehicle Layout

Fare Collection – Process

Fare Collection – Media Type

ITS – Precision Docking

Station Dwell Time Elements

BRT Elements to Reduce Wait and Transfer Times

ITS – Advanced Passenger Information SystemsService and Operations Planning – Service FrequencyService and Operations Planning – Route StructureStations – Interchange FacilitiesService and Operations Plan – Route Structure

Wait and Transfer Time Elements

Reliability Performance Measuresand Related Metrics

Reliability Focuses on Consistency, i.e. the variance in the various travel time measures

Running Way Travel Time Reliability – Vehicle Congestion, Intersection Delays, Station Stops, Route

Structure

Station Dwell Time Reliability – Platform Dimensions, Vehicle Layout, Fare Collection, Precision Docking

Service Reliability – Passenger Information, Service Frequency, Route Structure

Reliability Measures

BRT Elements to Improve Reliability

Running Way – Segregation and Passing Capability

Station – Platform Height and Length

Vehicle – Vehicle Layout and Type

Service and Operations Plan – Station Spacing, Route Structure and Service Frequency

Fare Collection – Process and Media

ITS – Traffic Signal Priority and Operations Management Systems, Computer Aided Dispatch

Reliability Elements

Image Performance Measures and Elements

Brand Identity Measures – Premium Level Service and Style, Unique Separation From Other Travel Options, Enhanced Amenities, and Sleek and Modern Aesthetics

Brand Identity Elements – Running Way Style, Vehicle Style and Propulsion, Distinctive Station Design, Higher Technology Applications

Community Integration Measures – Pedestrian and Vehicle Access Facilities, Passenger Information Reporting, and Consistent Signage

Community Integration Elements – Running Way Segregation and Station Integration

Image Measures and Elements

Passenger Safety and Security Performance Measures, and Elements

Safety Measures – Accident Rates, Public Perception, Risk Management Costs, Maintenance Costs

Safety Elements – Running Way Design and Guidance, Station Platform Height, Amenities, Low Floor Vehicles, Assist and Automation Features, Clear Sight Lines, Lighting, Operations Management Systems

Security Measures – Crime Rate Frequency and Severity

Security Elements – Running Way Design and Guidance, Station Platform Height, Safety and Security Amenities, Vehicles Low Floor, Assist and Automation, Passenger Information, Operations Management Systems

Safety/Security Measures and Elements

System Capacity Performance Measures

Capacity Is Maximum Passenger Throughput Measure Determined by Lowest Capacity Element Utilization Rate is Demand Divided by Design Capacity

Maximum Capacity Measures Person Capacity in Passengers per Hour Vehicle Capacity in Seated and Standing or Minimum

Square Feet of Floor Space Station Capacity in Passenger Movement, Transfers

and Boardings Vehicle Capacity in Vehicle Throughput

Capacity Measures

System Capacity Performance Measure Metrics

Vehicle Loading Capacity Average Dwell Time and Variance Station Entry and Exit Clearance Times Failure Rate Averages and Variance Times to Recover Vehicle Door Number, Size and Use Station Design Number of Vehicle Loading or Berthing Areas Vehicle Loading Area Design Configuration

Operator Policy – Schedule Performance and Passenger Loading Design Capacity

Passenger Demand Characteristics – Trip Length, Transfer Rates and Peaking Factors

Capacity Performance Metrics and Elements

System Capacity Elements

Running Ways Higher Levels of Separation Accommodate

Increasing Numbers of Vehicle Throughput Passing Capability at Stations and Along Running

Ways

Station Layout and Design Directly Influences Vehicle

Service Times or Throughput Platform Height Impacts Boarding and Alighting

Times Berthing Areas Affect Vehicle Throughput

Capacity Elements

System Capacity Elements

Vehicle Design Size Affects Station Design Needs Size and layout Affects Passenger Capacity

Service and Operations Plan Operating Procedures Service Configuration of Local, Skip and Express Failure Response Operating Speeds Multidoor Boarding and Alighting

ITS – Vehicle Prioritization, Collision Avoidance, Precision Docking

Capacity Elements

Benefits of BRT Implementation

Higher Ridership

Focused Economic Development

Improvement in Environmental Impacts

Enhanced Revenue Generation

Increased Capital Cost Effectiveness

Greater Opportunity for Operating Efficiencies

BRT Benefits