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England and Spain
(1553-1558)
Clayton Ashley Shaun Alex Jason
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Mary was born on February 18, 1516,
and died on November 17, 1558.
She was proclaimed queen in July of
1553 and was enthroned until 1558.
Right after Mary I became queen she
married Phillip of Spain in 1554. It was a
widely unliked marriage because Marywas Catholic and Phillip was Protestant.
Mary I
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During Marys reign, Parliament repealed
protestant practice and then reverted to
Catholic practice. Soon after, hundreds ofprotestants were either executed, burned,
or fled to the continent.
Marian Exiles is a name given to EnglishCalvinist Protestants who fled to the
continent (predominantly Germany,
Switzerland, and France) during the reignof Mary I.
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Elizabeths reign was from 1558-1603.She was Marys successor and also half
sister.
Elizabeth was not married but had anadvisor named Sir William Cecil.
During 1559-1603 Sir William and
Elizabeth made a religious settlementthrough Parliament so that England was
not torn apart because of religious
differences.
Elizabeth I
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In 1559 during Elizabeths reign, both the
Act of Supremacy and the Act of
Uniformity passed government.
Although, Catholics were the majority of
England when Elizabeth became queen,
Elizabeth tried to avoid Catholic andProtestants from fighting.
Some ways she tried to avoid this was by
not marrying Phillip II, and didnt marry inhope of a diplomatic advantage by
having a royal marriage.
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Mary I had killed more protestants in a
five year reign then Elizabeth killing
Catholics during her 45 years.
Since the Puritans threatened Elizabeths
rule, she didnt show any sympathy
towards them.
The Puritans were protestants who
wanted to purify the church by making
the doctrine more precise.
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They had two main things against
Elizabeths reign.
3. they thought no reformation occurred
because of the retention of the Catholic
ceremony.
4. they thought the English church
shouldnt have been controlled by the
queen but was the successor to Romebecause they still used the episcopal
system.
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The Anglican Church
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The Anglican Church was created by Elizabeth I. Elizabeth I merged a centralized Episcopal system
that she firmly controlled with broadly defined
Protestant doctrine and traditional catholic ritual.
Elizabeth hoped to avoid both Catholic and
Protestant extremism by pursuing a middle way.
Her first Archbishop of Canterbury was Matthew
Parker and he agreed with Elizabeths ideals. At some times he was even considered to be the
representative of Elizabeths ideals.
The Anglican Church
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There are only member churches of the
present Anglican Communion existing by
the mid-18th century.
These churches consisted of the Church of
England, its closely-linked sister church, the
Church of Ireland (which also separated fromRoman Catholicism under Henry VIII), and the
Scottish Episopal Church which for parts of the
17th and 18th centuries was partially
underground
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The church ended up
excommunicating
Elizabeth I in 1570 in
response to the 1558
Act of Settlement.
The Church of Englandhas always thought of
itself not as a newfoundation but rather asa reformed continuationof the ancient "English
Church" and areassertion of thatchurch's rights.
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The Archbishop of Canterbury's role is
strictly symbolic and unifying; and the
Communion's three international bodies areconsultative and collaborative.
Their resolutions have no legal effect on the
independent provinces of the Communion.
Taken together, however, the four do
function as "instruments of communion",
since all churches of the communionparticipate in them.
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1. The Primates Meeting (first met in 1979) is themost recent manifestation of international
consultation and deliberation, having been firstconvened by Archbishop Donald Coggan as aforum for "leisurely thought, prayer and deepconsultation."
2. The Anglican Consultative Council (first met in
1971) was created by a 1968 LambethConference resolution, and meets usually atthree year intervals. The council consists ofrepresentative bishops, clergy, and laity chosen
by the thirty-eight provinces. The body has apermanent secretariat, the Anglican CommunionOffice, of which the Archbishop of Canterburyis president.
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ACT OF SUPREMACY
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ACT OF SUPREMACY
The Act of Supremacy was re-instated byElizabeth I in 1559. This act repealed all anti-Protestant legislation created by Mary Tudor.Elizabeth I also declared herself supreme
governor of the Church of England. Oath ofSupremacy, imposed by the Act of Supremacyrequired anyone taking public/church office toswear allegiance to the church. Failure to do so
could result in treason.
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Oath of Supremacy, imposed by the Act of
Supremacy required anyone taking public/churchoffice to swear allegiance to the church. Failure to
do so could result in treason.
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He also wrote First
Blast of the Trumpet
against the Terrible
Regiment of Women, to
try to provoke a revolt
against Mary Tudor, buthe published when
Elizabeth Ascended to
the thrown.
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39 Articles (1563)
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A revision of Thomas CranmersForty-Two Articles which were
meant to summarize Anglicandoctrine
Queen Mary and
the Church ofEngland wouldnever allow theseForty-Two Articlesto be enforced
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After Marys death, these Articleswere reduced to 39 and ratified by
Queen Elizabeth IDied Ratified
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The 39 Articles:
Represented the Church ofEnglands views that differed from
the Catholics Served the purpose ofincorporating a balance oftheology and doctrine
Were divided into 4 sections
Made a moderate Protestantism
the official religion
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4 SECTIONS
The Catholic Faith
Personal ReligionCorporate Religion
Miscellaneous
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Treaty of Nonsuch
Nonsuch Palace
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Treaty of Nonsuch
Signed August 20, 1585 at theNonsuch Palace in Surrey
Signed by Elizabeth I of England andthe Netherlands
+
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England to the Netherlands
1000 horses
6350 foot soldiers
600000 florians per year (1/4 of the
annual cost of the revolt)
X 1000
X 6350
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Netherlands to England
Ostend
BrillFlushing
Territories
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This treaty was signed in response to theTreaty of Joinville between Spain and
France. Philip II of Spain viewed this as adeclaration of war.
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Mary Queen of Scots
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Daughter of:
King James V(Scotland) Mary of Guise
Dad
Mom
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She was predominantly French andCatholic.
She returned to Scotland after herhusband Francis II died.
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When she arrived in
Scotland, the ProtestantReformation was occurringbut Mary had control.
She was observed closelyby the reformer John Knox.
In 1568, she was forced toflee to Elizabeth in England.
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Mary married Lord Darnley and theProtestant nobles were outraged.
She was forced to surrender herthrone to James VI who was oneyear old.
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John Knox
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John Knox
Scottish Reformer
Publicly voiced his opinion against the
Queens private mass and catholic
practices.
Scottish Law made this a capital offence for
everyone but him
He won support in his role as watchdogfrom Elizabeth.
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Babington Plot
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BABINGTON PLOT
Named after Anthony Babington
1586
Second major plot against Elizabeth I
Anthony Babington was caught seeking
Spanish support to murder Elizabeth I.
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Spanish Armada
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Spanish Armada
In 1588, the Armada had 130
ships carrying 25,000 sailors
and soldiers. The armada
was defeated by the fasterEnglish and Netherlands
ships and the English Wind.
The spanish fleet was
dispersed and over 1/3rd ofthe ships never returned to
Spain.
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Results of Spanish Armada
With Spains demise, France soon took over the
continent and England and Holland took some of
the Spains overseas empire (primarily North
America).
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The defeat of the Armada inspired
Protestant resistance everywhere. Spain
faced a unified front of France, England
and the Netherlands. When King Philip IIdied on September 13th, 1598, his forces
had been rebuffed on all fronts. His
successors were all more inferior than himand they never reached his stature again.
Results of Spanish Armada
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Francis Drake
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Francis Drake
1540-1595
Commander of English Ships
Attacked Cadiz and also attackedPortugals coast which further delayed the
Spanish.
Spain couldnt attack until 1588
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Singeing the Kings Beard
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1587
Sir Francis Drake shelled the port city
of Cadiz which caused heavy damagesto Spains ships and stores and halted
Spains plans to invade England.
Singeing the Kings Beard