England and Spain

8/14/2019 England and Spain

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England and Spain

(1553-1558)

Clayton Ashley Shaun Alex Jason


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Mary was born on February 18, 1516,

and died on November 17, 1558.

She was proclaimed queen in July of

1553 and was enthroned until 1558.

Right after Mary I became queen she

married Phillip of Spain in 1554. It was a

widely unliked marriage because Marywas Catholic and Phillip was Protestant.

Mary I


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During Marys reign, Parliament repealed

protestant practice and then reverted to

Catholic practice. Soon after, hundreds ofprotestants were either executed, burned,

or fled to the continent.

Marian Exiles is a name given to EnglishCalvinist Protestants who fled to the

continent (predominantly Germany,

Switzerland, and France) during the reignof Mary I.


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Elizabeths reign was from 1558-1603.She was Marys successor and also half

sister.

Elizabeth was not married but had anadvisor named Sir William Cecil.

During 1559-1603 Sir William and

Elizabeth made a religious settlementthrough Parliament so that England was

not torn apart because of religious

differences.

Elizabeth I


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In 1559 during Elizabeths reign, both the

Act of Supremacy and the Act of

Uniformity passed government.

Although, Catholics were the majority of

England when Elizabeth became queen,

Elizabeth tried to avoid Catholic andProtestants from fighting.

Some ways she tried to avoid this was by

not marrying Phillip II, and didnt marry inhope of a diplomatic advantage by

having a royal marriage.


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Mary I had killed more protestants in a

five year reign then Elizabeth killing

Catholics during her 45 years.

Since the Puritans threatened Elizabeths

rule, she didnt show any sympathy

towards them.

The Puritans were protestants who

wanted to purify the church by making

the doctrine more precise.


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They had two main things against

Elizabeths reign.

3. they thought no reformation occurred

because of the retention of the Catholic

ceremony.

4. they thought the English church

shouldnt have been controlled by the

queen but was the successor to Romebecause they still used the episcopal

system.


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The Anglican Church


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The Anglican Church was created by Elizabeth I. Elizabeth I merged a centralized Episcopal system

that she firmly controlled with broadly defined

Protestant doctrine and traditional catholic ritual.

Elizabeth hoped to avoid both Catholic and

Protestant extremism by pursuing a middle way.

Her first Archbishop of Canterbury was Matthew

Parker and he agreed with Elizabeths ideals. At some times he was even considered to be the

representative of Elizabeths ideals.

The Anglican Church


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There are only member churches of the

present Anglican Communion existing by

the mid-18th century.

These churches consisted of the Church of

England, its closely-linked sister church, the

Church of Ireland (which also separated fromRoman Catholicism under Henry VIII), and the

Scottish Episopal Church which for parts of the

17th and 18th centuries was partially

underground


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The church ended up

excommunicating

Elizabeth I in 1570 in

response to the 1558

Act of Settlement.

The Church of Englandhas always thought of

itself not as a newfoundation but rather asa reformed continuationof the ancient "English

Church" and areassertion of thatchurch's rights.


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The Archbishop of Canterbury's role is

strictly symbolic and unifying; and the

Communion's three international bodies areconsultative and collaborative.

Their resolutions have no legal effect on the

independent provinces of the Communion.

Taken together, however, the four do

function as "instruments of communion",

since all churches of the communionparticipate in them.


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1. The Primates Meeting (first met in 1979) is themost recent manifestation of international

consultation and deliberation, having been firstconvened by Archbishop Donald Coggan as aforum for "leisurely thought, prayer and deepconsultation."

2. The Anglican Consultative Council (first met in

1971) was created by a 1968 LambethConference resolution, and meets usually atthree year intervals. The council consists ofrepresentative bishops, clergy, and laity chosen

by the thirty-eight provinces. The body has apermanent secretariat, the Anglican CommunionOffice, of which the Archbishop of Canterburyis president.


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ACT OF SUPREMACY


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ACT OF SUPREMACY

The Act of Supremacy was re-instated byElizabeth I in 1559. This act repealed all anti-Protestant legislation created by Mary Tudor.Elizabeth I also declared herself supreme

governor of the Church of England. Oath ofSupremacy, imposed by the Act of Supremacyrequired anyone taking public/church office toswear allegiance to the church. Failure to do so

could result in treason.


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Oath of Supremacy, imposed by the Act of

Supremacy required anyone taking public/churchoffice to swear allegiance to the church. Failure to

do so could result in treason.


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He also wrote First

Blast of the Trumpet

against the Terrible

Regiment of Women, to

try to provoke a revolt

against Mary Tudor, buthe published when

Elizabeth Ascended to

the thrown.


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39 Articles (1563)


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A revision of Thomas CranmersForty-Two Articles which were

meant to summarize Anglicandoctrine

Queen Mary and

the Church ofEngland wouldnever allow theseForty-Two Articlesto be enforced


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After Marys death, these Articleswere reduced to 39 and ratified by

Queen Elizabeth IDied Ratified


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The 39 Articles:

Represented the Church ofEnglands views that differed from

the Catholics Served the purpose ofincorporating a balance oftheology and doctrine

Were divided into 4 sections

Made a moderate Protestantism

the official religion


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4 SECTIONS

The Catholic Faith

Personal ReligionCorporate Religion

Miscellaneous


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Treaty of Nonsuch

Nonsuch Palace


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Treaty of Nonsuch

Signed August 20, 1585 at theNonsuch Palace in Surrey

Signed by Elizabeth I of England andthe Netherlands

+


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England to the Netherlands

1000 horses

6350 foot soldiers

600000 florians per year (1/4 of the

annual cost of the revolt)

X 1000

X 6350


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Netherlands to England

Ostend

BrillFlushing

Territories


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This treaty was signed in response to theTreaty of Joinville between Spain and

France. Philip II of Spain viewed this as adeclaration of war.


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Mary Queen of Scots


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Daughter of:

King James V(Scotland) Mary of Guise

Dad

Mom


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She was predominantly French andCatholic.

She returned to Scotland after herhusband Francis II died.


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When she arrived in

Scotland, the ProtestantReformation was occurringbut Mary had control.

She was observed closelyby the reformer John Knox.

In 1568, she was forced toflee to Elizabeth in England.


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Mary married Lord Darnley and theProtestant nobles were outraged.

She was forced to surrender herthrone to James VI who was oneyear old.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Henry-stuart-darnley.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Henry-stuart-darnley.jpg


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John Knox


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John Knox

Scottish Reformer

Publicly voiced his opinion against the

Queens private mass and catholic

practices.

Scottish Law made this a capital offence for

everyone but him

He won support in his role as watchdogfrom Elizabeth.


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Babington Plot


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BABINGTON PLOT

Named after Anthony Babington

1586

Second major plot against Elizabeth I

Anthony Babington was caught seeking

Spanish support to murder Elizabeth I.


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Spanish Armada


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Spanish Armada

In 1588, the Armada had 130

ships carrying 25,000 sailors

and soldiers. The armada

was defeated by the fasterEnglish and Netherlands

ships and the English Wind.

The spanish fleet was

dispersed and over 1/3rd ofthe ships never returned to

Spain.


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Results of Spanish Armada

With Spains demise, France soon took over the

continent and England and Holland took some of

the Spains overseas empire (primarily North

America).


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The defeat of the Armada inspired

Protestant resistance everywhere. Spain

faced a unified front of France, England

and the Netherlands. When King Philip IIdied on September 13th, 1598, his forces

had been rebuffed on all fronts. His

successors were all more inferior than himand they never reached his stature again.

Results of Spanish Armada


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Francis Drake


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Francis Drake

1540-1595

Commander of English Ships

Attacked Cadiz and also attackedPortugals coast which further delayed the

Spanish.

Spain couldnt attack until 1588


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Singeing the Kings Beard


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1587

Sir Francis Drake shelled the port city

of Cadiz which caused heavy damagesto Spains ships and stores and halted

Spains plans to invade England.

Singeing the Kings Beard

Documents

England and Spain