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THE ECONOMICAL REASONSBEHIND
DEFORESTATION
Ahmet Ercan EKMEN 2003431012
Elif TOPU 2004431037
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Outline :
Introduction : Defining the EnvironmentalProblem
Reasons of Deforestation Population Growth
Climate Agriculture
Logging
Fuel
Burning and Grazing Policy Implications and Forest Management Turkey Case
Conclusion
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World Forest Region Map
Source : www.cevreorman.gov.tr
Ormanlk AlanlarOdunsu Bitki AlanlarDier AlanlarSu Alanlar
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The paper aims to
Emphasize deforestation as a
global environmental problem.
Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to
non-forest land for use such as arable land,
pasture, urban use, logged area, or wasteland.Generally, the removal or destruction of
significant areas of forest cover has resulted in a
degraded environment with reduced biodiversity.
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Deforestation
Results from removal
of trees without
sufficientreforestation, and
results in declines in
habitat and
biodiversity, wood forfuel and industrial use,
and quality of life.
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Causes of Deforestation
Population Growth It is clear now that the role of population factors in
deforestation varies considerably from one setting toanother depending on the local patterns of human
occupancy and economic activity.
Population (especially rapidly increasing or densepopulation) can increase demands for land and wood,
eventually exceeding the carrying capacity of forests
that are expected to supply wood fuels , food, and
environmental protection for local people.
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Causes of Deforestation
Climate Forest disappear naturally as a result of broad climate
changes or catastrophes such as fire and landslides.
Agriculture Growing populations need expanding food supplies, so
forests are cleared by shifting cultivators for annual or
permanent crops. Rates of clearing are likely to behigher in countries where little or no progress has been
made in agricultural productivity or where land
productivity falls rapidly after the natural forest cover is
removed.
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Causes of Deforestation
Logging Commercial logging operations deplete forest stocks. Regulated timber
extraction should not permanently damage the forest, but when it is not
controlled, mechanized logging or even selective timber harvesting mayseverely alter the character of the forest
Fuel Forests in developing countries provide wood fuels for local populations.
Fuelwood and charcoal are widely used for domestic cooking and heating.
Burning and Grazing Deforestation may occur in ways other than outright clearing or wood
removal. The practice of annual burning in many areas prevents forest
regrowth , and grazing by sheep, goats and cattle has much the same
effect.
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Reasons of Deforestation
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Forest Management
Forestry departments in developing countries in many cases are not
equipped to deal with deforestation and its consequences. The
principles of forest management, especially extensive forest
management for sustained yields, are unfamiliar to many developingcountries where the policy emphasis has been on protection rather than
production. Even where forest management practices are well known,
institutions for forest management are poorly supported or nonexistent.
The problem is compounded when local people for various reasons donot cooperate with forest management schemes. Lack of local
cooperation may be a symptom of poorly designed policy or an
indication that rural people have other development priorities.
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Turkey Case In the world, the sufficient rate of forest areas is about 30 percent for
each country. In Turkey 27,2 percent of all land is forest areas and it is
close to world aggregate forest rate. But 49 percent of our forest is
non-productive. So, forest areas are not sufficient for Turkey.
www.cevreorman.gov.tr
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Turkey Case
What Have Been Done? 1839 (Tanzimat Ferman)Management of Forests
19373116 Numbered Law
1963
Planned Development Period 2008Forestation and Erosion Control Mobilization
Action Plan 2008-2012 (Aalandrma ve Erozyon
Kontrol Seferberlik Eylem Plan)
Planned to realize 2.300.000 hectares forestation Total cost: 2.702.100.000 YTL
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Conclusion
Deforestation is one of
the major
environmentalproblems that the
world is facing.
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Contd
This is a descriptive study rather than an empirical
one. The significance and causes of the
deforestation is tried to be explained.
The history and current condition of the problem
tried to be shown with a selected country -Turkey-
case.
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Thanks for Your Attention
Ahmet & Elif