Deforestation ion - Env. Econ

8/2/2019 Deforestation ion - Env. Econ.

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THE ECONOMICAL REASONSBEHIND

DEFORESTATION

Ahmet Ercan EKMEN 2003431012

Elif TOPU 2004431037


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Outline :

Introduction : Defining the EnvironmentalProblem

Reasons of Deforestation Population Growth

Climate Agriculture

Logging

Fuel

Burning and Grazing Policy Implications and Forest Management Turkey Case

Conclusion


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World Forest Region Map

Source : www.cevreorman.gov.tr

Ormanlk AlanlarOdunsu Bitki AlanlarDier AlanlarSu Alanlar


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The paper aims to

Emphasize deforestation as a

global environmental problem.

Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to

non-forest land for use such as arable land,

pasture, urban use, logged area, or wasteland.Generally, the removal or destruction of

significant areas of forest cover has resulted in a

degraded environment with reduced biodiversity.


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Deforestation

Results from removal

of trees without

sufficientreforestation, and

results in declines in

habitat and

biodiversity, wood forfuel and industrial use,

and quality of life.


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Causes of Deforestation

Population Growth It is clear now that the role of population factors in

deforestation varies considerably from one setting toanother depending on the local patterns of human

occupancy and economic activity.

Population (especially rapidly increasing or densepopulation) can increase demands for land and wood,

eventually exceeding the carrying capacity of forests

that are expected to supply wood fuels , food, and

environmental protection for local people.


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Climate Forest disappear naturally as a result of broad climate

changes or catastrophes such as fire and landslides.

Agriculture Growing populations need expanding food supplies, so

forests are cleared by shifting cultivators for annual or

permanent crops. Rates of clearing are likely to behigher in countries where little or no progress has been

made in agricultural productivity or where land

productivity falls rapidly after the natural forest cover is

removed.


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Logging Commercial logging operations deplete forest stocks. Regulated timber

extraction should not permanently damage the forest, but when it is not

controlled, mechanized logging or even selective timber harvesting mayseverely alter the character of the forest

Fuel Forests in developing countries provide wood fuels for local populations.

Fuelwood and charcoal are widely used for domestic cooking and heating.

Burning and Grazing Deforestation may occur in ways other than outright clearing or wood

removal. The practice of annual burning in many areas prevents forest

regrowth , and grazing by sheep, goats and cattle has much the same

effect.


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Reasons of Deforestation


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Forest Management

Forestry departments in developing countries in many cases are not

equipped to deal with deforestation and its consequences. The

principles of forest management, especially extensive forest

management for sustained yields, are unfamiliar to many developingcountries where the policy emphasis has been on protection rather than

production. Even where forest management practices are well known,

institutions for forest management are poorly supported or nonexistent.

The problem is compounded when local people for various reasons donot cooperate with forest management schemes. Lack of local

cooperation may be a symptom of poorly designed policy or an

indication that rural people have other development priorities.


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Turkey Case In the world, the sufficient rate of forest areas is about 30 percent for

each country. In Turkey 27,2 percent of all land is forest areas and it is

close to world aggregate forest rate. But 49 percent of our forest is

non-productive. So, forest areas are not sufficient for Turkey.

www.cevreorman.gov.tr


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Turkey Case

What Have Been Done? 1839 (Tanzimat Ferman)Management of Forests

19373116 Numbered Law

1963

Planned Development Period 2008Forestation and Erosion Control Mobilization

Action Plan 2008-2012 (Aalandrma ve Erozyon

Kontrol Seferberlik Eylem Plan)

Planned to realize 2.300.000 hectares forestation Total cost: 2.702.100.000 YTL


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Conclusion

Deforestation is one of

the major

environmentalproblems that the

world is facing.


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Contd

This is a descriptive study rather than an empirical

one. The significance and causes of the

deforestation is tried to be explained.

The history and current condition of the problem

tried to be shown with a selected country -Turkey-

case.


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Thanks for Your Attention

Ahmet & Elif

Documents

Deforestation ion - Env. Econ