29
Government of Jammu & Kashmir Directorate of Agriculture, Jammu (J&K)
COMPREHENSIVE DISTRICT AGRICULTURE PLAN
VOL. VIII: DISTRICT REASI; 2014
Consulting Agency
DIRECTORATE OF EXTENSION
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha, 180 009
Jammu & Kashmir
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COMPREHENSIVE DISTRICT AGRICULTURE PLAN
(DISTRICT REASI)
Doda Jammu Kathua Kishtwar Poonch Rajouri Ramban Reasi Samba Udhampur
CONTRIBUTORS:
Dr. Banarasi Lal SMS, Agril. Ext. Education, KVK Reasi
Pawan Kumar Sharma SMS, Agril. Economics, KVK Poonch
Sh. Vinod Dhar SMS, Department of Agriculture, Reasi
&
DISTRICT’S OFFICERS OF LINE DEPARTMENT DISTRICT REASI, J&K
31
List of Contents
S. No. Page No.
I Chapter-I (Introduction)
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Methodology 3
1.3 Data Collection & Consultation 4
II. Chapter-II (General Description)
2.1. Introduction 7
2.2. District at a glance 13
2.2.1. Location and Geographical Units 14
2.2.2. Demographic Profile 15
2.2.3. Topography and Agro Climatic Characteristics 15
2.2.4. Land Use pattern and Land holdings 16
2.2.5. Irrigation and Ground water 17
2.3. Development Vision and Strategy 17
III. Chapter-III (SWOT Analysis)
3.1. Introduction 19
3.2.A. SWOT Analysis of Agriculture Sector 19
3.2.B. SWOT Analysis of Allied Sector 21
I Horticulture Sector 21
II Natural Resources 22
III Animal Husbandry Sector 22
IV Fisheries Sector Sheep Husbandry Sector 24
V Sericulture Sector 24
3.3. Accomodating SWOT 27
3.4. Sectoral/Regional Growth Drivers Of The District 28
IV. Chapter-III (Development of Agriculture Sector)
4.1. Introduction 29
4.2. Land Use 30
4.3. Soil Health 30
4.4. Water Resources and Management 32
4.5. Major Crop and Varieties Grown in District
Poonch
32
4.6. Input Management 33
4.7. Farm Mechanisation/ Farm Equipments 34
Constraint Analyses & Recommended
Interventions
34
4.8. Special Projects/ Programmes on- Going in the
District
34
32
4.9. Constraints Analysis 45
4.10. Recommended Interventions In The Agriculture
Sector
46
4.10.1. Project Proposal-I 49
4.10.2. Project Proposal-II 52
4.10.3. Project Proposal-III 54
4.10.4. Project Proposal-IV 59
4.10.5. Project Proposal-V 60
4.10.6. Project Proposal-VI 62
4.10.7. Project Proposal-VII 65
4.10.8. Project Proposal-VIII 74
4.11. Projected Outcome and Growth Rate during
the Next Plan Period
76
4.12. RESEARCHABLE ISSUES (SKUAST-JAMMU)
Researchable Issues 77
4.12.1. Project Proposal-I 78
V Chapter V (Horticulture Sector)
5.1. Introduction 85
5.2. Horticulture 86
5.2.1. Project Proposal-I 86
5.2.2. Project Proposal-II 87
5.2.3. Project Proposal-III 88
5.2.4. Project Proposal-IV 89
5.2.5. Project Proposal-V 89
5.2.6. Project Proposal-VI 91
5.2.7. Project Proposal-VII 92
5.2.8. Project Proposal-VIII 92
5.2.9. Project Proposal-IX 93
5.2.10. Project Proposal-X 94
5.3. Floriculture Sector 96
5.3.1. Project Proposal-I 96
5.4. Sericulture Sector 99
5.4.1. Project Proposal I 101
5.4.2. Project Proposal II 101
5.4.3. Project Proposal-III 101
5.4.4. Project Proposal-IV 101
5.4.5. Project Proposal-V 102
5.4.6. Project Proposal-VI 102
5.4.7. Project Proposal-VII 102
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5.4.8. Project Proposal-VIII 103
5.5. Fisheries Activity 106
5.5.1 Project Proposal-I
5.6. Animal Husbandry Sector 110
5.6.1. Project Proposal-I 111
5.6.2. Project Proposal-II 112
5.6.3. Project Proposal-III 112
5.6.4. Project Proposal-IV 112
5.7. Sheep Husbandry Sector 114
5.7.1. Project Proposal-I 114
5.7.2. Project Proposal-II 115
5.7.3. Project Proposal-III 115
5.7.4. Project Proposal-IV 115
5.8. Cooperative Sector 117
5.8.1. Project Proposal-I 119
5.9. Agri-Business Management 122
5.9.1. Project Proposal-I 122
5.9.2. Project Proposal-II 123
5.9.3. Project Proposal-III 123
5.9.4. Project Proposal-IV 124
5.9.5. Project Proposal-V 124
5.10. Stream-II (Specific Agriculture & Allied
Sectors Project)
127
5.10.1. Agriculture (STREAM II) 127
5.10.2. Horticulture (STREAM II) 130
5.11. Projected Outcome and Growth Rate During XII
Year Plan
131
VI. District Plan
6.1. Introduction 132
6.2. Growth Drivers 132
6.3. Innovative Schemes 134
6.4. Project Proposals 135
6.5. Vision of XIIth
Plan 135
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List of Tables
S. No. Particulars Page No.
1. General information 12
2. Land Utilisation Statistics 12
3. Status of Cropping System in Reasi District 13
4. Geographical Information of Reasi district 14
5. Demographic profile of Reasi district 15
6. Land Use pattern of Reasi District 16
7. Status of Land Holdings in Reasi District 16
8. Natural Resource Inventory of soil 31
9. Crops and varieties of important agriculture
crops
32
10. List of On-going Schemes in District Reasi 34
11. Block wise Targets for Water Resource
Management and Irrigation
51
12. Detail of Flow Irrigation Scheme proposed
under RKVY for 12th
Plan
51
13. Block wise Targets for Demonstrations of
Improved Crop Production
53
14. Block wise Targets for Participatory Seed
Production for Food Security
58
15. Block wise Targets for Development of Rainfed
Farming
59
16. Block wise Targets for Organic Farming 61
17. Block wise Targets for Off-season Vegetable
Production
64
18. Project Proposal for Establishment of Small
Scale Mushroom Units
66
19. Project proposal for the development of
apiculture for Departmental Demonstration
Centre
70
20. Project proposal for the development of
apiculture in Private sector
71
21. Block wise Targets for Promoting Medicinal &
Aromatic Plantation
73
22. Component/scheme wise detail of the soil &
water conservation programme proposed
under different blocks of district Reasi
76
35
23. Financial Summary of Plan Proposals under
RKVY for District Reasi for 12th
F. Y. Plan
under Agriculture Sector (STREAM I)
84
24. Project Proposal for Top working of plants 87
25. Project proposals for Gap-filling/Replantation
of old orchards
87
26. Project proposals for creation of water
resource
88
27. Project Proposal for Protected Cultivation 89
28. Project Proposal for Production of Quality
Planting Material
89
29. Improvement/Upgradation and modernization
of departmental nurseries/orchards in Reasi
District under RKVY
90
30. Project proposal Farm Mechanization 91
31. Project proposal Farm Mechanization Organic
Farming and Vermi compost units
92
32. Project proposal for Area Expansion
Programme.
93
33. Year wise Project proposal for Area Expansion
Programme
93
34. Promotion of Kitchen Gardening Scheme 94
35. Fruit and vegetable processing facility unit and
infrastructure
94
36. Summary of the Project Proposals for
Development of Horticulture
95
37. The cultural waste areas of villages selected 96
38. Estimated Cost of Floriculture Items @4
Kanal/ Farmer For 50 Farmers
98
39. Glimpses of Progress made in Sericulture 99
40. Present status and targets envisage by the end
of XII-Plan under rainfed conduction.
100
41. Proposed Physical and Financial Targets for
Sericulture for 12th
F.Y. Plan
104
42. Summary of Aquaculture project cost 109
43. Budget allocation for development of Animal
Husbandry Development
113
44. Block wise Sheep and Goat Population of
District Reasi
114
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45. Physical and Financial Requirement under
NADP for the Development of Sheep
Husbandry Sector
116
46. Detail information regarding Cooperative
Institutions in district
117
47. Physical and financial implication of
cooperative department to achieve physical
target
121
48. Detail of Apni Mandi for the year 2016-17 123
49. Horticulture (Planning and Marketing)
Department, Reasi,Year wise Budget
Requirement.
125
50. Comprehensive Plan Proposal of Agriculture
& Allied Sectors under Stream-I of RKVY for
District Reasi
126
51. Project on Training on Integrated Farming
system and Income Generating Activities for
Enhancing Livelihood Security
127
52. Human Resource development in Sericulture
Department
128
53. Project on Trainings on Organic Farming 128
54. Project on Study Tour for farmers and
extension officers
129
55. Project proposal on Awareness Camps 130
56. Project proposal on Training of farmers within
the state
130
57. Project proposal on Training of farmers
outside the state
130
58. Project proposal on Training of women
farmers
131
59. Current & Projected Income in the allied
sector of the Reasi District
131
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LIST OF FIGURES/GRAPHS
Figure Title Page No.
1. Map of the location of Reasi District in
the State
8
2. Agricultural Map of District Reasi 9
3. Figure 3. Tehsil Map of District Reasi 10
4. Niabat Map of District Reasi 11
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A sustained and wide spread agricultural growth is a pre-condition of development.
The slow growth in agriculture (including allied sectors) can be of great strain for the
economy. Concerned over the slow pace of growth in agriculture and allied sectors, the
National Development Council (NDC), conceptualized National Agriculture Development
Programme (NADP) Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY).
The major objectives of RKVY are to incentivize the States for increasing public
investment in agriculture and allied sectors, preparation of realistic district plan, reduce the
yield gap in important crops and maximize income of farmers in agriculture and allied
sectors. To meet the objectives of RKVY, the Comprehensive-District Agriculture Plan (C-
DAP) for District Reasi was formulated by adopting participatory methodology involving
the stakeholders as suggested by Planning Commission.
1.1. A brief introduction to the District, its location, features, etc.
Agriculture holds an important position in Indian economy with its roughly 14 % share in
Gross Domestic Product and employing around 60 % of the total work force. For meeting
its burgeoning requirement of population, the country will require to produce 320 million
tonnes of food grains by 2025 from the current level of about 253 million tonnes.
The primary occupation of the people of Reasi is Agriculture and allied activities
and Reasi is economically an under-developed district. Internationally renowned places
like Mata Vaishno Devi, Katra along with some historical places like Shiv Khori Shrine,
Dera Baba Banda Bahadur, Baba Aghar Jitto JI, Ziarat Baji Ismail Sahib etc. come under
Reasi Distt. and remain thronged with lot of tourists round the year. Most of the agro-
based needs in these places are fulfilled through the import from nearby districts.
Therefore, there is a strong potential in Reasi district to fulfil the demands and gain profits.
The district has not made any impressive work in agri front but from last 10 years
there is some scientific agriculture activities started with the intervention of state
department and agriculture university and credit of this should go to several small and
marginal farmer families, which are the back bone of the district agri and economy. During
the last 10 yrs the increase in production resulted from gain in yield, expansion of
cultivated area and increased agri productivity. The Natural resource base of land , water
and biodiversity is the main strength of the region, so vast in uncommon opportunities to
harness agri potential still remain which can be rapped to achieve further targets. There is
various gap both in yield potential and technology transfer as the district avg. most of the
commodities are below which if addressed properly could be harnessed. Concentration
must be on enhancing production of few commodities like wheat, maize, sorghum, further
increase in the production of cereals and non cereals agri commodities will have to be
essentially achieved through increase in productivity as well as possibilities of expansion
of area. Farmer must be provided the necessary support, encouragement and incentives it
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must focus both in income and greater on farm and off farm job and livelihood
opportunities.
1.2. Main points of SWOT of the District
Keeping in view the resource endowments of the district the present levels of
utilization of resources, production, productivity, profitability and sustainability of crops
and other enterprises were assessed. A complete SWOT analysis of the district was
drawn. Thereafter plans were prepared in order to capitalize on the strengths and
opportunities while treating the weaknesses and threats as challenges to be overcome.
For achieving the desired outcome as per the stated objectives of district planning the
driving consideration in the whole exercise was planning for outcome the desired state of
affairs. The district has possesses different agro-climatic situations ranging from sub-
tropical to temperate. Thus the district has capability to produce wide range of
agricultural and allied products. Manpower is also available in sufficient quantity which
can be utilized properly for overall development of agricultural sector. Sericulture is an
agro based industry providing subsidy occupation to about 425 silk rearing families in
the district. Cows, Buffaloes, Sheep, Goats and Poultry (Backyard) are major component
of animal husbandry in the district. The cross breed population of cattle is increasing in
number. Production of agriculture and allied sectors has not been increasing over the past
years which are a major concern for the authorities. SWOT analysis reveals the need and
potential of implementing different extension activities and need based projects to
achieve the vision for the district. With decreasing land holding, vertical expansion of
cultivation with multi-cropping and wide scale adoption of non-land and less land using
enterprises is the rational option. The soils of the district are deficit in organic carbon,
humus and medium in available nitrogen, phosphorous and low in potassium. Aberrant
erratic behavior of monsoon and prolonged dry spells during the crop period cause crop
failure/low productivity and production in some rainfed areas. The productivity of crops
has been declining in rainfed areas which discourage the farmers from investing in the
farming. There exist significant gaps between actual and attainable yields. Major
constraints leading to yield gaps are low availability of quality seeds/planting materials/
stocks, organic manures, bio pesticides, non-standardization and non-adoption of
improved production practices. Lack of scientific know-how, poor economic conditions,
low risk bearing ability and slackness toward agriculture on part of farmers also
contribute to lower productivity.
1.3. Areas/ Sectors which need to be addressed in the district
There is a need to conduct scientific demonstrations and awareness camps.
Infrastructural facilities at block levels and departmental facilities in both agriculture and
allied sectors need to be enhanced for better delivery of services to the farmers. The
interventions have been proposed in the work plan of agriculture and allied sectors for
40
enhancing the productivity of the major crops, vegetables, spices, flowers, animal
production in terms of milk, meat, eggs and wool.
1.4. Various on- going programmes in the district- a brief contextual gist
District plan for demonstrations of scientific technology in agriculture, upgrading
of animals in animal husbandry sector, irrigation schemes, soil conservation schemes and
other schemes related to different departments are being implemented in the previous
years.
1.5. The District Plan at a Glance
The Comprehensive District Agricultural Plan (C-DAP) of Reasi District is
prepared with the following specific objectives
To enable optimum utilization of scarce natural, physical and financial resources.
To assess and plan for the infrastructure required to support the agriculture
development.
To establish linkages with the required institutional support services, like credit,
technology transfer, ICT, research etc.
To evolve an action plan for achieving sustainable agricultural growth with food
security and cropping system that will improve farmer‟s income.
As per RKVY guidelines the specific programmes and activities are proposed under
two distinct streams viz. STREAM I for specific projects with definite time-lines and clear
objectives and STREAM II for strengthening the existing schemes and filling the resource
gaps. The components/ activities proposed for project based assistance includes
strengthening of infrastructure to promote extension services, market development,
amelioration of soil affected with salinity, water harvesting, integrated development of
food crops, agriculture mechanization, resource conservation, animal husbandry, fisheries
and allied sectors‟ development activities. The strengthening of existing schemes mainly
focuses on the aspects of capacity building and skill up gradation, entrepreneurship
development, system approach, efficient resource utilization, reducing yield gaps, post
harvest, ,marketing, alternate land use, diversification, demonstrations, group approach,
ICT, exposure visits etc.
The plan proposed for district Reasi is a step to achieve higher growth orbit of
sustainable agriculture development with special emphasis on:
1. Demonstration of improved techniques in cultivation of fruits, vegetables and flowers
along with value addition and marketing are proposed so as to achieve the double
digit growth.
2. Increasing farm income through animal component by emphasizing on stock
improvement and management practices.
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3. Developing farmer‟s preferred local landraces of field crops most suited to the
region.
4. Promoting brand value of organically produced local products.
5. Study of existing farming practices, farming system(s) constraints and gaps pave the
way for recommended interventions for the development of agriculture and allied
sector.
6. Need based and area specific extension activities are proposed for capacity building
and skill up-gradation of farmers and field staff.
7. The specific projects proposed in the plan are aimed to provide a support base to the
activities and achieving the projected growth rates in agriculture and allied sectors in
District Reasi.
8. The projects proposed herein, will address long term issues and also cater to the
immediate needs of farmers and the economy of the district.
9. The proposed projects of agriculture sector covers the most crucial aspects of quality
seed production of various crops, natural resource management and conservation,
survey monitoring and evaluation , water resource management, soil health, organic
farming, integrated farming system, development of rainfed farming, farm
mechanization, mushroom, apiculture development, agro-forestry and medicinal
plantation, non farm activities, value addition and marketing in addition to
strengthening of training and research infrastructures.
10. For the development of allied sectors, the proposed projects in the plan are for area
expansion and rejuvenation and new plantation of Citrus, Ber etc.
11. Projects addressing the issues of Floriculture, Sericulture, Fisheries are also proposed
with area specific needs and requirements.
12. Specific projects for development of animal husbandry and marketing are also
proposed for providing added impetus to the diversified farming base of the district.
The total financial outlay for Stream-I for three years w.e.f. 2014-15 to 2016-17 in
the proposed XIIth
plan period under C-DAP is estimated to be Rs. 15854.10582 lacs
which is comprised of Rs. 11399.99 Lacs for agriculture and Rs. 4143.251 lacs for allied
sectors under Stream-I. Rs. 310.8648 is an additional administrative cost (@1%) and
Monitoring and Evaluation cost (@1%) of the total project cost.
For Stream-II, the proposed financial outlay stands at Rs. 102.48 lakhs, with
allocation of Rs. 76.88 lakhs for agriculture and Rs. 25.60 lacs for allied sectors‟ extension
activities.
Thus, the grand total outlay for the planned period is to the tune of Rs.
15956.58582 lakhs comprises of Rs. 15854.10582 lakhs under Stream-I (specific
projects) and Rs. 102.48 lakhs under Stream–II (traditional extension activities).
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1.6. Public Private Partnerships that can be envisaged in the proposed Plan
The present situation is not encouraging for implementation of Public Private
Partnerships, keeping in view the low marketable surplus and remoteness of the district.
However, implementation of well framed schemes can achieve high productivity in
agriculture and allied sectors for encouraging private sector in future to invest in the
district.
1.7. Expected outcomes as a result of implementation of the Plan
The direct outcome of the plan will be the enhancement of productivity in
agriculture and allied sectors. Expansion of irrigated area will not only enhance the crop
and cropping system productivity by 20-25 per cent but also helps in improving the soil
health. The wide gap between demand and supply of quality seed of improved varieties/
hybrids can be bridged with the farmers‟ participation in seed production under seed
village concept. Better income generation and hence, upliftment in the socio-economic
status of the farmers. A large scale adoption of organic farming especially in case of
horticulture crops by shifting towards bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides.
1
CHAPTER -I
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Planning is a process of preparing or carrying out a focused activity with goals,
procedures and policies for economic emancipation of a social or economic unit in a given
time frame. Planning must therefore, result in programmes that help people to find more
satisfactory modes of living and making a living by formulating comprehensive action
plans. The document containing goals, targets and policies to accomplish plan targets is
defined as plan. Planning in the context of district agricultural plans is an exercise of
preparing an integrated plan considering available resources and encompassing all sectoral
activities and schemes being carried out by the government or non-government
organisations in local governance such as panchayat, taluka or district. Accordingly, the
plan thus prepared is called panchayat or taluka or district plan.
The economic reforms commenced in 1991 has successfully put the economy in a
higher growth orbit with more than 8 percent growth rate in total Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) especially during the recent years. However, the agriculture sector which accounted
for more than 30 percent of total GDP at the beginning of reforms failed to maintain its
pre-reform growth. On the contrary, it witnessed a sharp deceleration in growth after mid
1990s as the per annum growth in agriculture sector dropped to 1.9 percent during 1996-97
to 2001-2002 from 3.2 percent in the period 1980-81 to 1995-1996. This happened despite
the fact that agricultural productivity in most of the states was quite low, as it were, and the
potential for the growth of agriculture was high. The 10th
five year plan target of growth of
4 percent per annum in agriculture and allied sectors, set to reverse the sharp deceleration
of 1996-1997 to 2001-2002, has not been achieved. The approach paper to the 11th
plan
also emphasized that reversal of the deceleration in agricultural growth witnessed after
1996 is a pre- requisite for the success of this plan. A sustained and wide spread
agricultural growth is a pre-condition of development in India as more than 50 percent of
country‟s work force still depends upon agriculture for its livelihood. This slow growth in
agriculture (including allied sectors) can be of great strain for the economy as agriculture is
not only an important driver of macro- economic performance but it also is an essential
element of the strategy to make growth more inclusive. Concerned over this pace of
growth in agriculture and allied sectors, the National Development Council (NDC), in its
2
meeting held on 29th
May, 2007 resolved that a special Additional Central Assistance
Scheme i.e. National Agriculture Development Programme (NADP)/ Rastriya Krishi
Vikas Yojana (RKVY) be launched with following main objectives.
To incentivize the States for increasing public investment in agriculture and allied
sectors
To ensure that agricultural plans of Districts/States are prepared and are based on
agro- climatic conditions, availability of technology and natural resources.
To reduce the yield gap in important crops and increase production and
productivity in agriculture and allied sectors through focused and holistic
initiatives.
To ensure that local needs/crops/priorities are better reflected in the agricultural
plans of the Districts/States.
To provide flexibility and autonomy to States in planning and implementation of
agriculture and allied sector schemes.
To maximize income of farmers in agriculture and allied sectors.
The eligibility for assistance from the Centre under the scheme would depend upon
the State Government providing amounts in the Plan Budget of the State for agriculture
and allied sectors over the baseline expenditure.
The XI Plan provides an opportunity to restructure policies to achieve a new vision
based on faster, broad-based and inclusive growth. It is designed to reduce poverty and
focus on bridging the various divides that continue to fragment our society. It aims at
putting the economy on a sustainable growth trajectory with a GDP growth rate of
approximately 10 percent by the end of plan period and target a robust agricultural growth
at 4 percent per year. The agriculture growth being essential element of the strategy of
making growth more inclusive, the NDC advised the State Governments on preparation of
Comprehensive District Agriculture Plans (C-DAP) which includes allied agriculture
sectors with full and efficient utilization of available resources.
The concept of integrated local area plans to raise living standard in rural area and
overcome food shortage based on specific endowments and needs of each area was
initially mooted in 1st Five year plan in 1951. It could not be materialized in true sense as
3
only sporadic efforts and isolated cases of such planning were practically attempted. For
success of local area or District level plans the underlying constraints are needed to be
identified. The required infrastructural investment, extension and research system
revamping and market reach with the system‟s conduct and performance have to be
synchronized through a holistic policy approach. The Agriculture in the district (as in the
state too) can‟t possibly achieve same growth as in the past without recognizing the role of
farmer‟s participatory approach for formulating strategies and finding solutions to new and
emerging problems. Similarly, globalization of trade has direct impact on agriculture
which offers new challenges and opportunities to the farmers of Reasi district. The
economic reforms and globalization coupled with other factors like fast urbanization,
rising incomes, changing food habits are paving the way for commercial farming and
subsidiary occupations. Food demand will go up not purely because of population rise but
also because of more requirement of cereals as animal feed. Reasi district is carved out of
Udhampur district in 2007. Although, this new Reasi district of Jammu & Kashmir has
achieved increase in productivity for different crops but still there is no reason to believe
that agriculture productivity cannot be raised further. New developments in organic
farming, approaches like integrated farming system and new technologies like resource
conservation with due emphasis on indigenous technical know-how will always help us to
face new challenges in agriculture development.
Keeping this in view the C-DAP of Reasi District is prepared on the basis of
primary and secondary data of the district for achieving sustainable agricultural growth
with improved farmers‟ income through participatory process involving stakeholders and
various organizations. By establishing strong linkages with required institutional support
services, the plan will ensure optimum utilization of scarce natural, physical and financial
resources.
1.2. Methodology
The C-DAP of a particular district has to be prepared according to the process and
methodology suggested by the Planning Commission, Government of India. The approach
followed in preparation of the document was necessarily of Participatory Appraisal mode.
The State department of Agriculture Reasi provided all necessary technical help to
planning units and support groups for preparation of this plan through participatory
4
bottom-up process. The Department with the help of specialists and resource persons
trained the Planning Units/ Groups in Participatory Rural Appraisal techniques, designed
formats for data collection, guided in data collection and analysis. The Department
conducted regular workshops and meetings and did hand holding where ever needed for
plan preparation.
The responsibility of preparing C-DAP of Reasi was given to SKUAST-Jammu
under the able guidance of Dr. K.S. Risam (Director Extension) and Dr. Pramod Baru
(Assoc. Director Ext. Education). The ground level work for collection of data and
preparation of report were assigned to Dr. Banarasi Lal (SMS, Agril. Ext. Education) and
other officers of the University. Consultations with farmers and officials of different
departments at different levels were done before proposing the plans and projects under
different streams.
An orientation workshop-cum-training programme was organized at SKUAST-
Kashmir for scientists, Subject Matter Specialists and department officers for Preparation
of C-DAP. The following specific aspects were covered in the programme.
Issues and challenges in Agriculture sector
Planning concepts and district Planning
Basic features and planning process of RKVY
Vision, methodology and process of preparing C-DAP
Participatory Rural Appraisal
Farming system approach
Farming situation based extension
Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), Integrated Pest Management (IPM),
Natural Resource Management (NRM), Human Resource Development (HRD),
Marketing and other important aspects.
1.3. Data collection and consultation:
The planning team, after receiving proper training, held wide consultations with
District/ Block/ Village Agriculture Planning Units of the district. Formal and informal
meetings with Agriculture and line departmental staff, ex-Panchayati Raj Institution‟s
members and farmers were conducted at different levels and collected secondary data and
related statistics needed for planning from different departments and other sources.
5
Primary Data: For in-depth farm/ village level study covering important aspects of
agriculture and allied fields, the district was divided into three distinctive Agro-eco-
situations (AESs) as was done for SREP preparation under ATMA Scheme. From each
AES already selected representative villages (Loran, Bufliaz, Chandak, Sanaei, Magnad
and Gulata) were revisited for collecting required information on modified semi-structured
schedules through PRA.
Con-current review and verification of data
The primary as well as secondary data collected was cross-checked through
triangulations and verified from information/ reports available with different government
departments and PRA based exercises. The District Plan, SREP, PLCP of district and
“Report of the core group on creation of employment in agriculture, food processing and
animal husbandry in J&K” prepared by MoA, GoI and other related documents/reports of
different departments were consulted for preparing the C-DAP. The planning team
conducted PRA in selected villages covering the whole gamut of farming operations
related to agriculture and allied activities being undertaken by the villagers. The team
visited the villages for two to three times to conduct this exercise. The planning team held
discussions with District Development Commissioner, Additional District Development
Commissioner, line departmental heads, and other prominent stake holders including
NGO,s.
Before meeting with the farmers for PRA
The schedule prescribed in the manual was modified based on the past experiences
and data requirement, then, PRA was conducted.
Important points for discussion include proposed change in the practices (of management,
varieties, site specific nutrient management, IPM, seed, soil health and allied activities).
For this purpose the Performa for Gram Panchayat given in C-DAP manual was modified
accordingly. The schedule was made simple and easy to understand.
The farmers meetings were ensured to be informal. They were encouraged to
participate, interact and make their own fair appraisals in meetings. Farmers were informed
about the objective of the meeting. The dialogue was started; the gap analysis and current
scenario regarding productivity, profitability and risk associated with different farming
systems were discussed and required information were collected.
6
The Junior Agriculture Extension officers (JAEOs) and Technical officials from
other line Departments working at village level held farmers meetings and sought their
views on preparing of plan, and the same were submitted to the District planning unit for
consideration while preparing plan.
The possible changes in the management practices targeted were-
Package of practices for different crops (including organic farming)
Crop establishment, plant population, seed rate etc.
Nutrient management, time, source, use of organic manure, vermicompost and
biofertilizer
Important pests based on economic importance including insects, diseases,
nematodes and weeds.
Farming system (s)
Farmers and planning team came to general agreement on what to do to fill the gap
on crops and allied activities.
Discussed about the proposed design, trials, Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs) and
other activities in a system approach keeping in view the following-
(i) Profitability and sustainability of cropping system.
(ii) Market infrastructure and marketing opportunities.
(iii) Custom hiring services and some of the policy issues related to subsidy.
(iv) Farmers‟ inability to invest in farming majority being to resource poor category.
(v) Work plan and activities for landless and resource poor farmers.
(vi) Feed-back regarding On-Farm and Off- Farm activities.
(vii) Subsidy component, crop insurance and cyclical assistance
(viii) Action plan
C-DAP Preparation
The planning team after proper inputs from BAPU, PAPU, Ex-PRI‟s
representatives, technical experts from Agriculture and allied sectors and other stake
holders prepared draft CDAP. The draft was discussed in the meeting of the governing
board of ATMA and other platforms also. The suggestions put forwarded were
incorporated and the final draft of C-DAP is being submitted.
7
CHAPTER II
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE DISTRICT
2.1. INTRODUCTION
Reasi district of Jammu division is the abode of Mata Vaishno Devi and endowed
with vast bio diversity and agro climatic diversity. Reasi is one of the oldest towns of the
state. It was the seat of the erstwhile Bhimgarh state, said to have been established by
Bhim Dev somewhere in 8th
century. It remained an independent principality till 1822
when Gulab Singh the then King of Jammu consolidated small states. Uptill 1948 Reasi
was a District of Jammu Province, but in the first administrative reorganization of the state
undertaken in 1948 major part of the then District Reasi was merged with District
Udhampur, while some areas became part of District Poonch [now Rajouri].
The sub division Reasi has been upgraded to the status of a District along with
seven other administrative units. The headquarter of district Reasi is situated at town
Reasi at a distance of about 72km. from Jammu. The district comprises of two agricultural
sub-divisions viz. Reasi and Arnas. These sub divisions have further been divided into two
blocks each (total four blocks). There are 255 villages and 14 urban wards in the district.
District Reasi has a total population of 2,47,694 people (2001 Census). Total
geographical area of the district is nearly 1700 Sq. Km. The primary occupation of the
people of Reasi is Agriculture and allied activities. Reasi is economically an under-
developed district. Various ethnic communities viz. Hindu, Dogra, Muslim Gujjars,
Muslim Kashmiri & Sikhs are the inhabitant of the district. Internationally renowned
places like Mata Vaishno Devi, Katra along with some historical places like Shiv Khori
Shrine, Dera Baba Banda Bahadur, Baba Aghar Jitto JI, Ziarat Baji Ismail Sahib etc. come
under Reasi Distt. and remain thronged with lot of tourists round the year. The prestigious
Salal Hydro Electric Project located at Jyotipuram, Shri Mata Vaishnno Devi University,
Katra and Cancer Hospital, Katra brings people from all over the country to this district.
The proposed train to Kashmir passes through this district and makes it an
important destination in the national atlas. The major cereal crops of Reasi District are
maize, wheat and rice. The other crops which have been making a significant impact on
8
the economy of the farmers are: Vegetables & Potato, Fodder, Pulses, and Oilseeds etc.
i. Map of the district - general map
Reasi district falls in the mid hill zone of J&K state. The general maps of Reasi
district are shown as below:
Figure 1. Map of the location of Reasi District in the State
9
Figure 2. Agricultural Map of District Reasi
10
Figure 3. Tehsil Map of District Reasi
11
Figure 4 Niabat Map of District Reasi
12
ii. General Statistics
Table 1: General Information
Particulars Number Unit
Population 2,47,694 Nos.
Male 1,31,783 Nos.
Female 1,15911 Nos.
Population density /sq. km 145 Nos.
%age of rural population to
total
93.51 %
No. of Tehsils 2 No.
No. of Blocks 4 No.
No. of Panchayats 147 No.
No. of villages 255 No.
Urban wards 14 No.
No. of agri. Sub-divisions 2 No.
No. of holdings 32718 No.
Area under holdings 39166 Ha
Average size of holding 1.2 Ha
Land Utilisation Statistics
The land utilization statistics of Reasi district available is presented in Table 2.
Table 2: Land Utilisation Statistics (Area in hectares)
Particulars Number Unit
Area according to Village Papers 275178 Ha
Area under Forests 68,778 Ha
Cultivated area 25480 Ha
Irrigated area 1907 Ha.
Un irrigated area 23573 Ha.
%age of irrigated area 9 %
13
iii. Crops/ Breeds/ fisheries, etc., activities in the district:
The activities going on in the Reasi district has been presented ad below:
Table 3: Status of Cropping System in Reasi District
S.
No
Crops Status
Area
Coverage (ha)
Prod
(MTs.)
Yield (Qtl./Ha)
1 Paddy 2800 9520.00 34
2 Maize 19800 75240.00 38
3 Wheat 14600 40880.00 28
4 Jowar/Bajra/Barley and others 600 900.00 15.0
5 Pulses 2050 1285.00 6
6 Oilseeds 2100 1050.00 5
7 Fodder 750 14100.00 275.0
8 Vegetables 930 7440.00 80
9 Floriculture/Aromatic/Medicina
l Plants
25 - -
2.2. District at a Glance
Reasi is located at a distance of 64 km from Jammu and is bounded by Tehsil Gool-
Gulabgarh in the north, Tehsil Sunderbani and Kalakote of District Rajouri in the west,
TehsilUdhampur in the east, Tehsils Jammu and Akhnoor of District Jammu on the
south. Reasi sub division has a population of 1,20,380 as per 2001 census with 25.57%
Muslims and Hindu majority. Climatically a major part of this Sub-Division falls in sub-
tropical zone and the rest in temperate zone. Summers are generally warm and winters cold
with snowfall on the high ridges. One of the most beautiful thing about Reasi is that in
summer the temperature of Reasi will be less than most of the districts in Jammu and in
winter its temperature will be higher than other districts in Jammu. so this makes Reasi
favourable for all kinds of people visiting there.
District Reasi has a total population of 2,47,694 people (2001 Census). Total geographical
area of the district is nearly 1700 Sq. Km. The primary occupation of the people of Reasi is
Agriculture and allied activities. The District is also rich in its flora & has a tremendous
14
potential of Horticulture fruits i.e. Citrus, Quince, Apple, mango, Guava, Apricot etc.
produced in different climatic conditions in the District. Reasi is economically an under-
developed district. Various ethnic communities viz. Hindu, Dogra, Muslim Gujjars,
Muslim Kashmiri & Sikhs are the inhabitant of the district.
2.2.1. Location and Geographical Units
The district lies between 33005” N Latitude and 74
050” E Longitude. The district
shares its boundaries with Udhampur district in South, Ramban in the East, Shopian of
Kashmir in North and Rajouri in West. The district is watershed of the River Chenab
and its tributaries (Ans, Rudd, Plassu, Banganga, Pai, Anji). Reasi district has
two tehsils viz., Reasi and Gool-Gulabgarh comprising 239 and 60 villages respectively.
This district consists of 4 blocks: Arnas, Mahore, Reasi and Pouni.[4]
Each block
consists of a number of panchayats.
Table 4: Geographical Information of Reasi district
Particulars Number Unit
No. of Tehsils 2 No.
No. of Blocks 4 No.
No. of Panchayats 147 No.
No. of villages 255 No.
Urban wards 14 No.
No. of agri. Sub-
divisions
2 No.
No. of holdings 32718 No.
Area under holdings 39166 Ha
Average size of
holding
1.2 Ha
15
2.2.2. Demographic Profile
Table 5: Demographic profile of Reasi district
Particulars Number Unit
Population 2,47,694 Nos.
Male 1,31,783 Nos.
Female 1,15911 Nos.
Population density /sq. km 145 Nos.
%age of rural population to total 93.51 %
2.2.3. Topography and Agro Climatic Characteristics
The district is constituted of subtropical, intermediate and temperate zones.
The annual rainfall in the district is 1000 to 1100 mm. Mean max. and min.
temperature ranges between 35-40 c min. and 10-12 c respectively. The district is
having low productivity and low agri- input usage. Reasi district is spread over the
three main agro climatic zones:
The lower
The lower Hills of Katra, Panthal, Reasi, Pouni, Talwara fall in the subtropical belt
Higher Intermediate:
Higher intermediate zone comprises of Arnas, Kanthan, Thanpal, Judda, Dharmari
etc.
Higher Temperate:
This zone comprises of Buddan, Mahore, Chasana, Lar, Deval etc.
Agriculture is the primary occupation of the people of Reasi. Major crop comprises
of Maize followed by Wheat, Paddy, Oil Seeds, Pulses and Vegetables. The District is also
rich in its flora and has a tremendous potential of Horticultural fruits i.e. citrus, quince,
apple, mango,litchi,pomegranate, guava, apricot etc. are produced in different climatic
conditions.
The natural vegetation consists of trees, grasses and bushes.
Mean annual rainfall varies from 1000-1100mm with intensity ranging from the
drizzling to the torrential rain. Rainfall is heavy and well distributed from May-September,
16
July being the wettest. Rainfall is moderate in other months. Sometimes dry spell may
prevail from the month of Dec-March.
Large variation in agro climatic conditions at micro level is observed due to
mountainous terrain and high peaks in the district.
Among the four blocks of the district, Pouni block is agriculturally much better
than the rest of the blocks. Pouni covers quite a good area under irrigation and the farmers
of this block are very progressive. In Reasi block, because of the tourist hub (Vaishno
Devi) there is tremendous scope for floriculture, mushroom and vegetables. However, this
block is unable to cater the needs of this tourist place. Thus, there is quite an ample scope
for the farmers. The Mahore and Arnas block holds a very good potential for horticultural
crops especially temperate fruits like apple, peach, plum etc and sheep husbandry because
of the number of meadows present in the high altitude of the area.
2.2.4. Land Use pattern and Land holdings
The Land use pattern and status of landholdings of Poonch district has been
presented in Table 6 & Table 7.
Table 6: Land Use pattern of Reasi District
Particulars Number Unit
Area according to Village
Papers
275178 Ha
Area under Forests 68,778 Ha
Cultivated area 25480 Ha
Irrigated area 1907 Ha.
Un irrigated area 23573 Ha.
%age of irrigated area 9 %
Table 7: Status of Land Holdings in Reasi District
S. No. Particulars Unit Value
1. Holdings No. 48209
2. Area Hectares 66612
3. Average holding size Hectares 1.38
17
2.2.5. Irrigation and Ground water
Chenab, one of the major rivers of the country, flows through the District &
it is also a geographical boundary between Tehsil Reasi & Tehsil Mahore. Some of
the small rivers/rivulets also flow in the District, which finally merge into Chinab
are:-
a) Ans
b) Rudd
c) Plassu
d) Ban Ganga
e) Pai
f) Anj i
The renowned Salal Hydel Project is commissioned in this district. Out of the net
cultivated area of Reasi District (25,480 hectares), the area irrigated from all sources is 2293
hectares that is 9% of the net cultivated area. The district experiences the dry spell during the
winters and springs though it experiences heavy rainfall during other months of the year.
2.3. DEVELOPMENT VISION AND STRATEGY
The growth rate of agriculture is low in the country as compared to other sectors of
economy. The potential for growth of agriculture is quite high. The slow growth in
agriculture and allied sectors can lead to acute stress on the economy because large
population is dependent upon this sector. Major cause behind slow growth in agriculture is
the consistent decrease of investments in this sector. Public and Private investments are not
increasing in agriculture and allied sectors, leading to distress in farming community
especially that of small and marginal segment. The focus is on 4% growth rate in
Agriculture as 50% of work force depends upon agriculture for its livelihood.
Under RKVY, it is envisioned to achieve holistic growth of agriculture
and allied sectors, aiming at least a 4% growth in this primary sector so as to have
desired visual impact with focused attention. To put Reasi district on an accelerated
path of sustainable agricultural development by strengthening the production and
productivity of cereals, vegetable, cash crops and enterprises in a system approach
with market potential for increased farm incomes with special emphasis on:
18
Modern techniques in cultivation of fruits, vegetables and spices, their value
addition and marketing so as to double the per capita income by next decade.
Increasing farm income through animal component by emphasizing on stock
improvement and management practices
Developing farmer‟s preferred local landraces/varieties of field crops most suited
to the region.
Promoting brand value of organically produced local products
Priority setting for the district
Establishing, managing and usages of components of organic farming
Soil health improvement
Area expansion in fruits, vegetables, spices and flowers
Popularizing resource conserving technologies
Systematic shift from and/or integration of single crop enterprise to multiple
cropping and intercropping
Intensification of crop husbandry with vegetable and horticultural crops, animal
husbandry, mushroom cultivation and other non crop based farming
Bridging yield gaps of crops, animals and other enterprises
Human resource development of rural youths, farm women, other disadvantaged
groups and field staff
Promoting spirit of cooperation and self help through group dynamics amongst
farmers
Strengthening the extension system
Focus on market oriented agriculture
The paradigm shift from traditional farming towards market oriented
agriculture in the district is aimed at creating a diversifying farming system with the
high value component like floriculture, off season vegetables, vermicompost, and
apiculture with more market network. To achieve the second Green Revolution for
security of future generations and to attain the holistic growth rate of 4% in the 12th
Five Year Plan, the above mentioned priorities and thrust areas are targeted in the C-
DAP so as to realize the envisioned growth spectrum for the district.
19
CHAPTER-III
SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRICT
3.1. INTRODUCTION
To capitalize on the opportunities and to convert weaknesses into opportunities we
have to visualize an alternate agricultural scenario from present to twenty years hence. In
this endeavour, an in depth analysis of strength, weakness, opportunity and threats
(SWOT) was undertaken in a participatory manner to place the extension and technology
dissemination efforts in perspective so that success can be achieved in pursuit of serving
farming community. The shrinking land resources compelling all the people associated
with it to redeem their plan and policies to counter this shortcoming. Every area has its
merits and demerits. So, while planning one should have the strength, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats to a particular area so that comprehensive plan may be
formulated. As regarding Reasi district we have the following points which reflect the
strength of the district
3.2. A. SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRICT (FOCUS ON AGRICULTURE)
STRENGTH
As the district is having world famous shrine; The Vaishno Devi shrine there is
great market for fruit/vegetable/food/ processing products. Floriculture is also
having immense potential in the district.
The soils are well drained.
Provides good testing ground for executing dryland technology
Department of Agriculture is providing Hybrids & H.Y.V seeds of cereal crops
Less incidence of pest & disease attack
Have good scope for Apiculture development
Round the year cultivation of Mushroom possible because of three Agro-climatic
zones
Weaknesses
Shallow soils & steep slopes in vast area
Seed replacement rate of Hybrid and H.Y.V is not more than 10 %
Shortage of fertilizer during cropping season and imblanced use of fertilizers
20
Poor off-take of potassium fertilizers
Few farmers are using chemicals for management of pest and diseases
Plant geometry is not being properly followed or adopted
Youth migrating to urban areas in search of white collar jobs
Most of the precipitation occurs in monsoon season and very less rains in other
months
94% of the area is un-irrigated and totally dependent on rains
F.Y.M is not being properly decomposed
Rain water harvesting is not being properly maintained
The seed treatment rate is low
Opportunities
Area suitable for cereals like Maize & wheat
Soils are suitable for raising Horticulture , forest , bamboo & other multipurpose
plantation
Proper drainage system is necessary for safe disposal of excessive runoff which
could be utilized for Water harvesting by putting check dams, gully plugs and
bunds
Growing of pulses especially quality rajmash, virus free potato seed, aromatic and
medicinal plants, oilseeds, millets is suitable for dryland areas
Selective herbicides can be made available for control of weeds
Recommendations available for control of pests & diseases
Apiculture, mushroom, sericulture, floriculture can be taken up as additional
income generating schemes
Construction of W.H.T, harvesting structures for harvesting rain water
Good scope for lifting of water from perennial streams.
Threats
Excessive soil erosion due to steep slopes
Flash floods in Chenab River which cause erosion and damage to crops
Heavy rainfall in monsoon causes excessive soil erosion
Run-off water is one of the source of soil erosion
21
Local germplasm of maize, wheat, pulses, medicinal and herbal plants is at the
verge of extinction
Imbalanced use of fertilizer is deteriorating the soil health and productivity
Untimely weed control results in reduction in yield
Migration from villages to urban areas will increase socio-economic imbalance.
3.2. B. SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRICT (FOCUS ON ALLED SECTORS)
I) Horticulture Production
Strengths
i) Diverse climate for production of different quality of Sub tropical to temperate
fruits, vegetables and flowers
ii) High Market potential for horticultural produce in domestic and distant market
iii) Immense farmers interest in horticultural activities
Weaknesses
i) Small marketable surplus
ii) Low productivity
iii) Fragmented and small holdings
iv) Inadequate availability of quality seeds and planting material in time.
v) Lack of skilled workers
vi) Lack of proper knowledge of farmers on modern production, post harvest handling
and marketing practices.
vii) Absence of cold chain, storage and processing facilities at farmer‟s level
Opportunities
i) High demand of horticulture crop produces of the district
ii) Diversification of farming system towards horticulture
iii) Established and up-coming cold storage and processing units in and around the
district.
iv) Minimum support price for major horticultural produce
Threats
i) Lack of Post harvest management infrastructures
ii) Inaccessibility of remote areas to market centres
22
iii) Inefficient and less transparent marketing with monopoly of traders and multiple
level of intermediaries
iv) Wide fluctuation in prices
v) Lack of proper integration of horticulture with other agri allied
enterprises/commodities
II) Management of Natural Resources
Strengths
i) Rich bio-diversity
ii) Climate and soils suitable for growing quality horticultural crops.
Weaknesses
i) Degradation of soil fertility
ii) Infestation of weeds, insect-pest and disease complex.
iii) Lack of integrated approach on NRM, INM and IPM by the farmers.
Opportunities
i) Unexplored bio-diversity with respect to wild edible fruits, vegetables, medicinal
and aromatic crops.
ii) Bio-mass available from crop, farm residue & live stock for maintaining proper
soil health.
iii) Scope exists to tackle soil degradation through integrated approaches
Threats
i) Lack of proper soil and water testing (micro-nutrients and ground water quality)
facilities in the district.
ii) General ignorance, casual approach towards degrading soil fertility
iii) Improper drainage system
III) Animal Husbandry
Strengths
i) Presence of viable milk marketing network through private agencies and
individual milk traders.
ii) Ample marketing avenues of animal based products and by products in and around
the district.
23
iii) Government backed breed up-gradation and veterinary health services.
iv) Goat, cattle and Sheep rearing a popular enterprise among landless and poor
sections of society.
v) Traditional expertise in milk processing- kaladi / (cottage cheese) the traditional
high value milk byproduct.
vi) Well established Farmers-Market Linkage
Weakness
i) Infertility and delayed calving
ii) Repeat breeding, anoestrous and long calving interval
iii) Low milk yield in cows.
iv) Poor foundation stocks of backyard poultries
v) Lack of proper management and feeding practices.
vi) Low availability of quality fodder production round the year
vii) Non-availability of feed, medicines/vaccines and chicks
viii) Slackness on part of farmers in adoption of new technology
Opportunity
i) Huge gap between demand and supply of animal products
ii) Ample scope for bridging yield gaps
iii) Growing demand for milk and other animal based products offers ready markets
with higher returns and additional employment generation.
iv) Intervention on genetic resources of livestock for improvement in production
v) Intensive farming with increased animal component
vi) Conservation of local genotype
vii) Tremendous scope to raise on farm employment, income and increased availability
of organic manure
viii) Support to organic farming
ix) Development of Backyard and Commercial Poultry
Threats
i) Non descript poor graded bulls used for natural insemination.
ii) Shrinking pasture lands
iii) Threat of extinction of local breeds of Sheep and Cattle
24
iv) Random Breeding
v) Frequent occurrence of diseases
vi) Increase in fertility disorders
vii) Disease outbreak (even in far off places) causes the panic in consumers and
producers suffer on account of crash in markets especially of poultry.
IV) Management of Fisheries
Strengths
i) Suitable condition for trout farming in high altitude area
ii) Sufficient running water bodies
Weakness
i) Weak infrastructure for fish seed production and genetic up gradation.
ii) Lack of farmer oriented activities e.g. trainings, demonstrations, exposure visits,
awareness camps etc. to update farmers‟ practices of fish production and
management.
iii) Inadequate quality seed availability of high yielding fresh water fish
Opportunity
i) Demand for fish with easy market accessibility
ii) Immense scope for fish seed (fingerlings) production to cater the needs of fish
farmers of the state
iii) Ample scope for mobilizing untapped water resources for aquaculture.
iv) Integrated fish farming
Threats
i) Absence of any reputed centre/source of fish feed, fisheries management institute.
ii) Lack of post harvest management practices by farmers
iii) Poor facilities for soil and water sample testing, disease diagnosis and post harvest
infrastructures.
V) Sericulture
Strength
i. The production of cocoons is a short duration cash crop in shortest possible time of
25-30 days as compared to other crops which takes considerable time and inputs.
25
ii. No bi-product of rearing goes waste i.e. the mulberry twigs left out of rearing are
utilized as cooking fuel by the villagers thereby lowering pressure on forest wealth
for fuel purposes.
iii. The waste mulberry leaves left by worms are source for making compost and the
worms excreta is equal to vermi -compost which can be sold at the rate equal to
vermin- compost
iv. The silk cocoons are source of handsome income.
v. Green mulberry twigs and leaves can be mixed @ of 1-2 kgs. With fodder which is a
food supplement for cows and buffallows for fattening and increase in milk
production by 40-50%
vi. Assured cocoon auction markets being organized by the department of sericulture
where buyers from all over India are invited.
vii. High consumption of silk produce by domestic consumers of India and also high
potential for export of silk goods to earn foreign exchange
viii. High employment generation capability in rural areas to avoid migration of rural folk
to urban areas for earnings.
ix. Providing dignified employment opportunity to women inside the four walls of their
houses thereby saving them from out-doors exploitation.
x. Mulberry being deep rooted plants is useful for soil conservation on sloppy land
which are under threat of getting washed away in un- certain agro climatic conditions
prevalent due to global warming.
xi. J&K is the traditional producer of international grade bivoltine cocoons vested by
nature agro climatically.
Weaknesses
i. The uncertain rainfall during plantation season and afterwards causes low survival of
mulberry in the field.
ii. The mulberry plantation is done on the periphery of their cultivated land by the
farmers who set free cattle in between two crops of rabi and kharief and cause damage
to the mulberry even when there is abundant grass available for grazing in view of
great attraction for mulberry to all grazers ranging from sheep to buffallows. Even
monkeys are attracted toward newly sprouted leaves of mulberry in spring season.
26
iii. Lack of adequate space with farmers living in villages for production of bumper crops.
iv. Lack of space to switch over to modern method of rearing on latest technology
developed by researcher in sericulture.
v. Fluctuating rates of silk cocoons due to fluctuation in value of silk yarn in
international markets.
vi. Absence of silk textile sector in Jammu and Kashmir especially in Jammu which
otherwise has high potential for employment generation in silk reeling, twisting,
designing and weaving sectors on account of availability of silk cocoons.
vii. Presently the best quality silk cocoon goes from Jammu to Malda West Bengal. It is
processed on crude machines and silk yarn sold in Tamilnadu, Karantaka and Uttar-
Pradesh. The fabrics come from outside in J&K and are sold at high rates ranging
from Rs. 10,000/- to Rs. 1,00,000/- per unit in diversified product like Sari to Carpet.
Opportunities
i. The rural employment generation is on priority agenda of Central as well as state
government which can be generated by exploiting sericulture.
ii. Women empowerment is also the priority sector in India. Sericulture can give
dignified employment to rural women.
iii. Migration from rural to urban areas can be minimized by supporting rural people by
way of increasing their rearing potential as a result of support for increasing rearing
accommodation and rearing equipments which can lead them switch over to bi-or-
multicrop sericulture.
Threats
i. Low survival of mulberry under varied agro-climatic rain-fed conditions.
ii. Exposure of established mulberry plantation to stray cattle in between Kharif & Rabi
crops.
iii. Conduct of silkworm rearing in non-hygienic dwelling houses of farmers which leads
to out-break of silkworm diseases.
iv. Missing of larvae in farmers houses during Chawki Rearing.
v. Abrupt fluctuation of hygrothermic conditions during silkworm rearing period.
vi. Stunted growth of mulberry at farmers level due to lack of nourishment.
vii. Un-stability of cocoon and silk yarn prices.
27
3.3. ACCOMODATING SWOT- ADDRESSING ISSUES EMERGING OUT OF
THE ANALYSIS
1. Development of rainfed farming system by development of Dry-land Panchyats
(integrated farm models with cluster approach through demonstration of cropping
system, development of watershed areas, waste-lands, water harvesting tanks, roof-top
water harvesting and plasticulture etc.
2. Skill development and capacity building of Officers/Officials.
3. Farmers (Awareness programmes at village level).
4. Farmers‟ Field Schools.
5. Thrust on Ever Green Revolution for nutrition security and prosperity on sustainable
basis.
6. Diversification of farming system through eco-friendly, cost effective and sustainable
technologies.
7. Participatory Seed Production through Seed Villages and to increase seed replacement
rate of field crops from 10 to 33%.
8. Mushroom cultivation throughout the year by introduction of dhingri and milky
mushroom during off-season and under controlled conditions.
9. To increase honey production and pollination mechanism of cross pollinated crops by
thrusting Bee-keeping.
10. Marketing of produce by strengthening of market infrastructure.
11. Establishment of Village Knowledge Cetres and management of Agriculture
information System for comprehensive agriculture development.
12. Promotion of Organic farming.
13. Improvement of soil health.
14. Infrastructure development (Offices of Field Officers, Demonstration Centres etc.).
15. Agriculture mechanization through large and small power driven, bullock/manual
operated machinery and equipment.
16. Soil and Water Conservation, Bio-drainage, Sub-surface drainage, Check-dams and
other soil and water conservation structures.
17. Agro-forestry, Medicinal plantation, cultivation of spices.
18. Revival of traditional millets.
28
19. To improve productivity of cereals, millets, pulses and oilseeds.
20. Non-farm income generation activities i.e. Agri-Buisness Clubs etc.
21. Enhancement of Horticulture production
22. Improvement of animal husbandry, fisheries, poultry, sericulture and all other allied
activities.
23. The massive plantation of mulberry on government and proprietary land for
development of mulberry clusters to be taken up to make available the leaf in
abundance to utilize it for silkworm rearing besides other uses.
24. Human resource development improvement of mulberry cultivation to raise high
quality leaf yielding varieties and top working of Shahtoot on local varieties of
mulberry to produce mulberry fruits for commercial use both in rearing and as
Horticulture produce.
25. Production of mulberry plants as per the demand which is already high in field by way
of improving irrigation facilities and soil condition by construction of vermin-
compose trenches for production of vermi-composed to cater to the needs of mulberry
nurseries.
3.4. SECTORAL/REGIONAL GROWTH DRIVERS OF THE DISTRICT
1. Off season vegetables cultivation is one of the best option as the vast area of Reasi
spread over three agro-climatic regions viz; Subtropical, Intermediate and
Temperate.
2. Salubrious atmosphere for mulberry cultivation
3. Nomads (Gujjar, Bakerwal) population is one of the factor for rearing sheep, Goats,
Milch animals
4. Aromatic flower cultivation is best option because of agro-climatic cultivation
5. Favourable weather and scenic spots attract tourist from all over the country there
by creating scope for marketing of food crops, horticultural crops, flowers, honey,
mushroom, milk, milk products and bamboo products etc.
29
CHAPTER IV
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISTRICT
4.1. INTRODUCTION
Agriculture holds an important position in Indian economy with its roughly 14 %
share in Gross Domestic Product and employing around 60 % of the total work force. For
meeting its burgeoning requirement of population, the country will require to produce 320
million tonnes of food grains by 2025 from the current level of about 253 million tonnes.
The primary occupation of the people of Reasi is Agriculture and allied activities
and Reasi is economically an under-developed district. Internationally renowned places
like Mata Vaishno Devi, Katra along with some historical places like Shiv Khori Shrine,
Dera Baba Banda Bahadur, Baba Aghar Jitto JI, Ziarat Baji Ismail Sahib etc. come under
Reasi Distt. and remain thronged with lot of tourists round the year. Most of the agro-
based needs in these places are fulfilled through the import from nearby districts.
Therefore, there is a strong potential in Reasi district to fulfil the demands and gain profits.
The district has not made any impressive work in agri front but from last 10 years there is
some scientific agriculture activities started with the intervention of state department and
agri university and credit of this should go to several small and marginal farmer families,
which are the back bone of the district agri and economy. During the last 10 yrs the
increase in production resulted from gain in yield, expansion of cultivated area and
increased agri productivity. The Natural resource base of land , water and biodiversity is
the main strength of the region, so vast in uncommon opportunities to harness agri
potential still remain which can be rapped to achieve further targets. There is various gap
both in yield potential and technology transfer as the district avg. most of the commodities
are below which if addressed properly could be harnessed. Concentration must be on
enhancing production of few commodities like wheat, maize, sorghum, further increase in
the production of cereals and non cereals agri commodities will have to be essentially
achieved through increase in productivity as well as possibilities of expansion of area.
Farmer must be provided the necessary support, encouragement and incentives it must
focus both in income and greater on farm and off farm job and livelihood opportunities.
30
4.2. LAND USE
The area of Reasi District according to village papers is about 2, 75,178 hectares.
The net cultivated area of Reasi District is about 25,480 hectares. The area irrigated from
all sources is 2293 hectares that is 9% of the net cultivated area.
The climate ranges from high altitude temperate to subtropical type. Thus,
cultivation of different crops is possible. Double cropping is already practiced in a large
portion of the cultivated area and even triple cropping is being followed in areas where
vegetables, fodder, potato, summer pulses (Moong), toria and other short duration crops are
grown. The cropping intensity of the district is around 218 %.
4.3. SOIL HEALTH
The soils of the Reasi district are neutral to slightly acidic in nature, well drained and
low in NP and K. To study the soils of Reasi Distt. following factors are to be considered
as the basics for cultivation of Agronomical and Horticultural crops in the area.
1. Agro-Ecological Zones: The state of J&K has been divided into nine Agro Ecological
Zones, based on rainfall, potential evaportranspiration, actual evaportranspiration,
Length of growing period‟s soils, and physiography out of nine Agro ecological zones,
District Reasi comprises following Agro Ecological Zones.
a) Western Jammu Himalayas, warm moist sub humid with (LGP) Length of
Growing period 210-270 days: It is in higher reaches of District Reasi, Hilly areas
around river Chenab, Area above Salal Project as Panasa, Dharmari, Arnas and
Mahore
b) Jammu Shivaliks, Hot Sub-humid with (LGP) of 270-300 days: This comprises
the major area of the Distt. Reasi bordering Distt. Jammu. It includes Katra,
Painthal, Aghar Jitto, Karua, Babber, Seela-Panassa, Reasi proper and Aghar
Ballian.
2. Rocks/soil Parent material in Distt. Reasi: Major portion of the Distt. Reasi
comprises of sandstone, shale and Conglomerte.
3. Soil particle size: In major portion of the Distt. Reasi soil is Coarse loamy to fine
loamy throughout the Distt.
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4. Soil Depth: In whole Distt. the soils are medium deep. On lower reaches of Distt. in
some pockets of Reasi, there are deep soils, where as in higher reaches of Mahore,
some pockets have shallow soils.
5. Soil drainage: Major portion are almost well drained soils. On higher reaches on hills,
soils are somewhat excessively drained.
6. Soil slope: In Reasi proper, Aghar Jitto, Karua, Babber, Seela, Panasa, Aghar Ballian
have somewhat gentle slopes. Higher reaches have moderate to steep slopes.
The natural resource inventory of Reasi district has been presented as below:
Table 8: Natural Resource Inventory of soil
S.
No
CHARACTERISTICS
*
REASI
1. Order Inceptisols
2. Sub-order Ochrepts
3. Great-group Eutrochrepts
4. Sub-group Dystric Eutrochrepts
5. Geology Bedded, tuff, ash and lava
6. Landform Type Piedmont Plain
7. Climatic Zone Intermediate Zone
8 Soil Depth Medium deep
9. Drainage Well drained
10 Texture Coarse loamy soils
11 Land Use Capability
Class
Dominant Class – V
Sub-dominant Class – IV
12 Fertility Status Organic Carbon: Medium
P2O5: Low
K2O: Low
13 Soil Erosion Moderate to severe
erosion
14 Slope Moderately steep slope
15 Ph Neutral to slightly acidic
16 Water Holding Capacity Moderate
* Dominant characteristics as per the master resource and thematic maps published by the
National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, Nagpur vide survey conducted by
the Soil Survey Organization of State Department of Agriculture, Jammu & Kashmir in
collaboration with N.B.S.S. and L.U.P., New Delhi.
32
4.4. WATER RESOURCES AND MANAGEMENT
The district is watershed of the River Chenab and its tributaries (Ans, Rudd, Plassu,
Banganga, Pai, Anji). The renowned Salal Hydel Project is commissioned in this district.
Out of the net cultivated area of Reasi District (25,480 hectares), the area irrigated from all
sources is 2293 hectares that is 9% of the net cultivated area. The district experiences the
dry spell during the winters and springs though it experiences heavy rainfall during other
months of the year. For life saving irrigation and drinking water for human being and
livestock during lean period, water harvesting from surface runoff, perennial water sources
and roof water has been proved to be the suited technology for the district.
4.5. MAJOR CROP & VARIETIES GROWN IN DISTRICT REASI
The major cereal crops of Reasi District are maize (19800 ha), wheat (14600 ha)
and paddy (2800 ha). The other crops which have been making a significant impact on the
economy of the farmers are: Vegetables & Potato (400 ha in Kharif & 300 ha in Rabi
Seasons), Fodder (300 ha In Kharif & 450 ha In Rabi), Pulses (1250 ha in Kharif & 800 ha
in Rabi),Oilseeds (500 ha, mainly Sesamum in Kharif and 1600 ha, mainly mustarad &
Gobhi Sarson in Rabi). Bajra is cultivated in an area of about 200 ha. Condiments, Spices,
Sugarcane, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants are also grown to a limited but economically
significant extent. Mushroom cultivation, vegetable cultivation, floriculture and sericulture
have picked up in recent years due to the intensive effort of the Deptt. of Agriculture, KVK
& financial support from various agencies.
Some farmers have become role models for others in various agricultural
enterprises and innovations and other farmers adopt the technologies after seeing the
demonstrations at their fields. The major crops and their varieties grown in Reasi district
has been presented in Table.
Table 9: Crops and varieties of important agriculture crops
Crops Varieties
Paddy K-448 PC-19, giza
Maize GS-2, Kanchan series(612,517,etc.)
Wheat PBW-175,PBW-343,PBW-373,PBW396,
HS-240, Raj-3077, Raj-3765, Sonalika
Rapeseed & Mustard Pusa bold, RLM- , KOS-1, KOS-101
Urd & Rajmash Mash-PU-19, Uttara, ML-131, Rajmash-local
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4.6. INPUT MANAGEMENT
In the face of rising cost of inputs, declining factor productivity and diminishing
farm profitability emphasis will have to be on the efficient and judicious use of improved
seeds, integrated nutrient management, integrated weed and pest management to accelerate
agricultural growth. At present, there exists a big gap between the actual yield and the
attainable/ potential yield of the crops in the district. Proper input management is
imperative to fill this gap. One of the most critical inputs is quality seed. Another related
aspect is of seed availability which is badly affected by infrastructural non-availability and
any large seed production involving farmers in the district. The government agencies
assure the supply of different quality seeds during each season but the demand for quality
seed always remain more than its supply especially through Government agencies. In a
Distt. like Reasi which is already an under-developed Distt. the participation of the Private
sector in the input supply (quality seeds as well as plant protection chemicals) is almost
negligible. The farmers are still using their own seed which is old and has lost its genetic
purity there by resulting in reduced yields over the years. It is now our utmost task to
provide high yielding/hybrid seed of suitable varieties for getting higher and sustainable
yields. The private sector should be welcomed in this area to ensure availability of quality
seed and increased seed replacement rate. The availability of seed and its enhanced
replacement rate can be ensured by involving farmers in seed production process on a
large scale with active help from public and private sector. Farmers participatory seed
production programmes, extension activities and varietals demonstrations etc. are being
proposed for management of this prime input. Keeping all this in mind a project has also
been framed to provide assistance for making available the Hybrid / certified / high
yielding seeds of various crops to the farmers.
The crop diseases, pests and weeds are other major problems in realizing
optimum yield for all major crops in the district. The scrutiny of insect- pest, diseases and
weed control measures being adopted by the farmers reveal gross negligence on part of
farmers. The improper management of these control measures often results in to increased
cost of cultivation without corresponding increase in yield and quality, increased resistance
and soil and water contaminations. Due to shift in the farming system to organic one,
urgent steps are required to be taken for promoting organic package of practices.
34
4.7. FARM MECHANISATION/ FARM EQUIPMENTS
The use of mechanical power is becoming indispensable for making an optimal use
of other resources and timely completion of various farm operations. Due to sloppy and
undulated land, farm mechanization is one of the difficult prospects for the Reasi Distt.
However, power operated machines can be introduced in the farming system. To meet the
future demand of agricultural machinery (especially the costly one) it should be
substantially cheap and affordable for even small farmers either by purchase or by custom
hiring. A Processing and storage facility in the district is nil. Therefore, the facilities for
processing of seeds, grading, drying and safe storage are needed in the district.
4.8. SPECIAL PROJECTS/ PROGRAMMES ON- GOING IN THE DISTRICT
The details of the schemes being run in the Reasi district are mentioned below:
Table 10: List of On-going Schemes in District Reasi
SCHEMES IN AGRICULTURE
S. No. Name of the scheme Sector
1. National Food Security Mission (NFSM)
2. National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET) under
ATMA
a. Sub Mission on Agricultural Extension
Central b. Sub Mission on Seed and Planting material
c. Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization
d. Sub Mission on Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine
3. National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)
4. National Bamboo Mission (NBM) Central
5. Land Development State
6. ISOPOM Maize Central
7 NAIS Central
8 Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) Central
9 Krishi Vigyan Kendra Central
10 National e-Governance Plan -Agriculture [NeGP-A] Central
11 AGRISNET Project Central
12 Scheme on Organic Farming Central
13 Biogas Development Programmes Central
14 Kisan Call Centre Central
15 Mass Media Support to Agriculture Extension Central
35
National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET):
Agricultural Technology, including the adoption/ promotion of critical inputs, and
improved agronomic practices were being disseminated under 17 different schemes of the
Department of Agriculture & Cooperation during the 11th Plan. The Modified Extension
Reforms Scheme was introduced in 2010 with the objective of strengthening the extension
machinery and utilizing it for synergizing the interventions under these schemes under the
umbrella of Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMA). NMAET has been
envisaged as the next step towards this objective through the amalgamation of these
schemes. National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET) consists
of 4 Sub Missions: (i) Sub Mission on Agricultural Extension (SMAE) (ii) Sub-Mission on
Seed and Planting Material (SMSP) (iii) Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization
(SMAM) (iv)Sub Mission on Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine (SMPP).
SUPPORT TO STATE EXTENSION PROGRAMMES FOR EXTENSION
REFORMS (ATMA):
This programme is a major initiative towards revitalizing agricultural extension to
make the extension system decentralized and demand driven. The scheme has been
conceptualized on the basis of the policy framework for agricultural extension and
experiences with the innovations in the technology dissemination component of the
National Technology Project . Following key reforms are being promoted under the
scheme; 1. Providing innovative restructured autonomous bodies at the district level
(Agriculture Technology Management Agency) and at block level (Farmers Advisory
Committee, Block Technology Team), which are flexible, promote bottom up and
participatory approaches, are farmer driven and facilitate public-private partnership. 2.
Convergence of line departments' programmes and operating on gap filling mode by
formulating Strategic Research and Extension Plan (SREP) and Annual Work Plans. 3.
Encouraging Multi-agency Extension Strategies involving inter-alia public/private
extension service providers. 4. Moving towards integrated, broad-based extension delivery
in the line with farming systems approach. 5. Adopting Group approach to extension
(Operating through Farmer interest Groups (FIGs) & Self Help Groups (SHGs). 6.
Addressing gender concerns (mobilizing farm women into groups, capacity building etc.)
7. Moving towards sustainability of extension services (e.g. through beneficiary
36
contribution). One of the first tasks of the district level institutions is to facilitate the
preparation of a Strategic Research and Extension Plan (SREP) of the district through
participatory methodologies involving all the stakeholders and farmers. SREP becomes the
basis for development of Block/District level plans. State Extension Work Plan is
developed at the State level and it contains a consolidated activity-wise plan incorporating
all the District Action Plans (DAPs) in the State and the State Level activities. In the year
2013-14, Rupees 1132.85 lacs were spent. For 2014-15 approved work plan is Rs. 2236.74
lacs. All districts have now been covered under this scheme. (ii) Sub-Mission on Seed and
Planting Material (SMSP) : Adoption of quality seeds is the most cost effective means for
increasing agricultural production and productivity. The interventions included in the Sub-
Mission ATMA GUIDELINES, 2014 will cover the entire gamut of seed chain from
nucleus seed to supply to farmers for sowing and also to the major stakeholders in the seed
chain and also provide for support for infrastructure to create an enabling environment for
development of the Sector. SMSP also envisages strengthening of Protection of Plant
Varieties and Farmers' Rights Authority (PPV&FRA) in order to put in place an effective
system for protection of plant varieties, rights of farmers and plant breeders and to
encourage development of new varieties of plants. Till date, Government of India has
allocated funds to the tune of Rs 89 lakh during 2014-15 under this programme. (iii) Sub
Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM): There is a strong correlation between
farm power availability & Agriculture productivity. Therefore, sub Mission on Agricultural
Mechanization will focus on farm mechanization. The Sub-Mission will mainly cater to the
needs of the small and marginal farmers through institutional arrangements such as custom
hiring, mechanization of selected villages, subsidy for procurement of machines &
equipments, etc. Government of India has allocated funds to the tune of Rs. 65 lakhs
during 2014-15 under this Sub-Mission. (iv) Sub Mission on Plant Protection and Plant
Quarantine (SMPP): Sub-Mission on Plant Protection included in NMAET envisages
increase in agricultural production by keeping the crop disease free using scientific and
environment friendly techniques through promotion of Integrated Pest Management.
Strengthening and Modernization of Pest Management Approach aims at this vital aspect
of Plant Protection and also covers regulatory requirements of pesticides. The component
on Strengthening & Modernization of Plant Quarantine facilities in India is regulatory in
37
nature with the aim of preventing introduction and spread of exotic pests that are harmful
to crops by regulating/restricting import of plant/plant products. Monitoring pesticide
residues in food commodities and environmental samples is also included in this Sub-
Mission. The component on National Institute of Plant Health Management (NIPHM) will
promote environmentally sustainable Plant Health Management practices in diverse and
changing agro-climatic conditions, pesticide management, and Bio-security through
capacity building programmes. Farmers' skill trainings and field extension as contained in
all 4 Sub Missions of NMAET (Viz. SMSP, SMAE, SMAM and SMPP) will be converged
with similar farmer related activities going on through ATMA. Five tiered modes of
extension carried out in broadcast or interactive electronic modes will also cut across
extension activities in all the four Sub Missions.
ILLUSTRATIVE LIST OF FARMER CENTRIC TRAININGS AND FIELD
EXTENSION
SMSP SMAE SMAM SMPP
Seed
Village
Programme
Farm Schools,
Demo
Plots, Trainings,
Exposure Visits
Capacity Building by
Institutions identified
by the State
Government
Pest Monitoring
(including Pest
Scouts), FFSs, IPM
Training to Farmers
2. Mass Media Support to Agriculture Extension (100% CSS):
The primary objective of the scheme is to use television and radio with their
massive penetration, as a vehicle for agricultural extension. Basically, the scheme is
focusing on two initiatives: Doordarshan: The first is use of Doordarshan for infrastructure
for providing agricultural related information and knowledge to farming community. It has
two components (i) narrowcasting using high/low transmitters of Doordarshan (ii) regional
and national agricultural programmes in terrestrial mode of transmission. Presently,
Doordarshan Shimla is telecasting Krishi Darshan programme between 6.00 PM to 6.30
PM five days in a week. All India Radio: This component of scheme envisages use of FM
transmitters of AIR to broadcast area specific agricultural programmes with 30 minutes
radio transmission six days a week. Presently, half an hour, Kisanvani programme is being
broadcast, six days a week from FM Dharamshala and Hamirpur.
38
3. Kisan Call Centre: Mass Media Support to Agriculture Extension
Under this, farmers can get any information on agriculture by dialling toll free
number 1800-180-1551 or 1551. The service is available from 6.00 AM to 10.00 PM on all
days. This is 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
4. Crop Insurance Schemes:
RASHTRIYA KRISHI BIMA YOJNA (RKBY): The State Govt. has introduced
this scheme from Rabi, 1999-2000 season. Crops covered are Wheat, Barley, Maize,
Paddy, Potato and Ginger. 50% subsidy on premium is being provided to small and
marginal farmers. The scheme is compulsory for loanee farmers and optional for non-
loanee farmers. The scheme provides comprehensive risks insurance against yield losses
viz. drought, hailstorm, floods and pests disease etc. The Agriculture Insurance Co. of
India (AICI) is implementing the scheme. a) Objectives: 1. To provide insurance coverage
and financial support to the farmers in the event of failure of any of the notified crop as a
result of natural calamities, pests & diseases. 2. To encourage the farmers to adopt
progressive farming practices, high value in-puts and higher technology in Agriculture. 3.
To help stabilise farm incomes, particularly in disaster years. b) Farmers to be covered:
The Scheme covers following groups of farmers: On a compulsory basis: All farmers
growing notified crops and availing Seasonal Agricultural Operations (SAO) loans from
Financial Institutions i.e. Loanee Farmers. On a voluntary basis: All other farmers growing
notified crops (i.e., Non-Loanee farmers) who opt for the Scheme. c) Risks Covered:
Comprehensive risk insurance will be provided to cover yield losses due to non-
preventable risks, viz.: 1. Natural Fire and Lightning 2. Storm, Hailstorm, Cyclone,
Typhoon, Tempest, Hurricane, Tornado etc. 3. Flood, Inundation and Landslide 4.
Drought, Dry spells 5. Pests/Diseases etc. d) Seasonality Discipline: The broad cut-off
dates for receipt of proposals in respect of Non-loanee farmers will be as under: Kharif
season : 31st July Rabi season : 31st December However, seasonality discipline may be
modified, if and where necessary in consultation with State / UT and the Govt. of India.
39
5. Biogas Development Programmes (100%):
This is 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme under which subsidy @ Rs.7000 per
biogas plant of one cubic meter and Rs.11,000/- per biogas plant of two & above cubic
meter capacity is being provided.
6. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY) (100%CSS):
Concerned by the slow growth in Agriculture and allied sectors, the Government of
India has launched a special Additional Central Assistance Scheme Rashtriya Krishi Vikas
Yojna (RKVY). The RKVY aims at achieving 4% annual growth in the agriculture sector
during the XI Plan period, by ensuring a holistic development of Agriculture and allied
sectors. The scheme is being implemented in the State to achieve envisaged annual growth
rate. This scheme has also been continued by the Govt. of India during 12th Plan. a).
Objectives of the scheme: I. To incentives the states as so as to increase public investment
in Agriculture and allied sectors, II. To provides flexibility and autonomy to states in the
process of planning and executing Agriculture and allied sector schemes, III. To ensure the
preparation of agriculture plans for the districts and the states based on agro-climatic
conditions, availability of technology and natural resources, IV. To ensure that the local
needs/ crops/ priorities are better reflected in the agricultural plans of the states, V. To
achieve the goal of reducing the yield gaps in important crops, through focused
interventions, VI. To maximize returns to the farmers in Agriculture and allied sectors,
VII. To bring about quantifiable changes in the production and productivity of various
components in Agriculture and allied sectors by addressing them in a holistic manner. b).
Area of Focus under RKVY: I. Integrated development of major food crops such as wheat,
paddy, coarse cereals, minor millets, pulses & oilseeds. II. Activities related to
enhancement of soil health and mechanization. III. Development of rain fed farming
systems in and outside watershed areas. IV. Support to state seed farms and IPM. V.
Strengthening of market infrastructure and marketing development. VI. Strengthening of
infrastructure to promote extension services. VII. Activities relating to enhancement of
horticultural production and popularization of micro irrigation systems. VIII. Animal
husbandry and fisheries development activities. IX. Organic and bio-fertilizers and
innovative schemes.
40
7. National Food Security Mission (NFSM):
The National Food Security Mission is a centrally sponsored scheme has been
launched in 2007. Objectives of this scheme: a. Increasing production of rice and pulses
through area expansion and productivity enhancement in a sustainable manner in a
identified district of the State. b. Restoring soil fertility and productivity at the individual
farm level. c. Creation of employment opportunities. d. Enhancing farm level economy i.e.
farm profits to restore the confidence among the farmers.
8. Organic Farming:
Organic agriculture is a holistic production management system which promotes
and enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil
biological activity. Its emphasis is on the use of management practices in preference to the
use of off-farm inputs, taking into account that regional conditions require locally adapted
systems. This is accomplished by using, where possible, cultural, biological and
mechanical methods, as opposed to using synthetic material, to fulfill any specific function
within the system. The State of Jammu & Kashmir has started taking steady strides
towards the promotion of organic farming. There is an increasing awareness about organic
agriculture practices in the state. Besides, most of the remote and inaccessible areas are
still continuing with the traditional methods of crop production using organic manures as
the only source of the nutrients. It includes all the agricultural production systems that
promote environmentally, socially and economically sound production of food and fibers.
In this system soil fertility is the key to successful production. Organic farming aims to
optimize quality in all aspects of agriculture by taking into consideration the natural
capacity of plants, animals and the land. It emphasizes on the health of agricultural
ecosystem and prohibits the use of synthetic herbicides and pesticides, genetically
modified organisms, synthetic fertilizers in crop production and hormones and antibiotics
in livestock production. It respects the law of nature to increase yields and disease
resistance. Organic farming requires a high level of farm management skills and require
use of vide variety of resources to solve the problems. The organic farming focuses on; "
Maximize biological activity in soils " Maintain long term soil health and minimize soil
erosion " Enhance the genetic and biological system and its surroundings " Provide
livestock with optimal living conditions for well being and better health " Recycling of
41
materials of plant and animal origins, nutrients to the land (soil and minimize the use of
non renewable resources " Promotion of environmentally friendly use of soil, water and air
thus minimizing agricultural pollution Fertility management in different types of soils is
very crucial and critical to increase the productivity under organic farming. Fertility
management encompasses application and addition of nutrients supplying materials, which
include chemical fertilizers, organic manures and other ameliorants. Efficacy of added
materials depends on several factors like structure of soil, drainage and tilth etc. It has been
found that continuous use of chemical fertilizers has lead to several problems in hill soils
i.e. reduction in pH, deficiency of secondary and micro nutrients and reduced biological
activity. It is tradition in hills to add organic manures in the soils which also supplement
nutrition and also improves physical and biological properties of soils. Practice of
incorporation of organic manure is very good, but farmers usually add partially
decomposed biomass, which account for immobilization of available nutrients in soil
particularly Nitrogen and also it is the chief source of insects attack, fungal and weed
infestation. The most challenging time in the organic farming system is the transition phase
as the farmer switch from conventional to organic agriculture. Organic farming tends to
have lower cost of production than conventional farming, as less emphasis on purchased
inputs. Similarly, the net income from organic farming appears to be slightly higher than
the conventional farming. In general, the expenses are lower and the income is higher (due
to price premium). Keeping in view importance and scope of Organic Farming, the
Government has already notified the policy for its adoption and fulfillment of need based
organic farming policy objectives.
9. National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA):
Sustaining agricultural productivity depends on quality and availability of natural
resources like soil and water. Agricultural growth can be sustained by promoting
conservation and sustainable use of these scarce natural resources through appropriate
location specific measures. Indian agriculture remains predominantly rainfed covering
about 60% of the country's net sown area and accounts for 40% of the total food
production. Thus, conservation of natural resources in conjunction with development of
rainfed agriculture holds the key to meet burgeoning demands for foodgrain in the country.
Towards this end, National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) has been
42
formulated for enhancing agricultural productivity especially in rainfed areas focusing on
integrated farming, water use efficiency, soil health management and synergizing resource
conservation. NMSA will cater to key dimensions of 'Water use efficiency', 'Nutrient
Management' and 'Livelihood diversification' through adoption of sustainable development
pathway by progressively shifting to environmental friendly technologies, adoption of
energy efficient equipments, conservation of natural resources, integrated farming, etc.
Besides, NMSA aims at promoting location specific improved agronomic practices
through soil health management, enhanced water use efficiency, judicious use of
chemicals, crop diversification, progressive adoption of crop-livestock farming systems
and integrated approaches like crop-sericulture, agro-forestry, fish farming, etc. NMSA
will have following objectives: 1. To make agriculture more productive, sustainable,
remunerative and climate resilient by promoting location specific Integrated/Composite
Farming Systems; 2. To conserve natural resources through appropriate soil and moisture
conservation measures; 3. To adopt comprehensive soil health management practices based
on soil fertility maps, soil test based application of macro & micro nutrients, judicious use
of fertilizers etc.; 4. To optimize utilization of water resources through efficient water
management to expand coverage for achieving 'more crop per drop'; 5. To develop
capacity of farmers & stakeholders, in conjunction with other on-going Missions e.g.
National Mission on Agriculture Extension & Technology, National Food Security
Mission, National Initiative for Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) etc., in the domain
of climate change adaptation and mitigation measures; 6. To pilot models in select blocks
for improving productivity of rainfed farming by mainstreaming rainfed technologies
refined through NICRA and by leveraging resources from other schemes/Missions like
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS),
Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP), RKVY etc.; and 7. To establish
an effective inter and intra Departmental/Ministerial co-ordination for accomplishing key
deliverables of National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture under the aegis of NAPCC.
NMSA has following four (4) major programme components or activities: (i) Rainfed Area
Development (RAD): RAD will adopt an area based approach for development and
conservation of natural resources along with farming systems. This component has been
formulated in a 'watershed plus framework', i.e., to explore potential utilization of natural
43
resources base/assets available/created through watershed development and soil
conservation activities /interventions under MGNREGS, NWDPRA, RVP&FPR, RKVY,
IWMP etc.. This component will introduce appropriate farming systems by integrating
multiple components of agriculture such as crops, horticulture, livestock, fishery, forestry
with agro based income generating activities and value addition. Besides, soil test/soil
health card based nutrient management practices, farmland development, resource
conservation and crop selection conducive to local agro climatic condition will also be
promoted under this component. A cluster based approach of 100 hectare or more
(contiguous or non contiguous in difficult terrain with close proximity in a
village/adjoining villages) may be adopted to derive noticeable impact of convergence and
encourage local participation and for future replication of the model in larger areas.
Supplementary support from this component will be admissible for gap-filling resource
conservation activities under converging programmes. RAD clusters should have soil
analysis/soil health card/soil survey maps to justify the interventions prposed and at least
25% of the farming system area will have to be covered under On Farm Water
Management. Farming Systems recommended by ICAR's Contingency Plans and
successful findings of NICRA projects shall also be considered in development of
integrated project plan. Besides, creation and development of common property
resources/assets/utilities like grain bank, biomass shredders, fodder bank, group marketing
etc. will be encouraged under this component. Government of India has allocated funds to
the tune of Rs. 4.0 crores during 2014-15 under this component. (ii) On Farm Water
Management (OFWM): OFWM will focus primarily on enhancing water use efficiency by
promoting efficient on-farm water management technologies and equipment. This will not
only focus on application efficiency but, in conjunction with RAD component, also will
emphasize on effective harvesting & management of rainwater. Assistance will be
extended for adopting water conservation technologies, efficient delivery and distribution
systems etc. Emphasis will also be given to manage and equitably distribute the resources
of commons by involving the water users associations, etc.. To conserve water on farm
itself, farm ponds may be dug using MGNREGA funds and earth moving machinery (to
the extent manual digging under MGNREGA is not feasible) Government of India has
allocated funds to the tune of Rs 625.50 lakhs during 2014-15 under this component. (iii)
44
Soil Health Management (SHM): SHM will aim at promoting location as well as crop
specific sustainable soil health management including residue management, organic
farming practices by way of creating and linking soil fertility maps with macro-micro
nutrient management, appropriate land use based on land capability, judicious application
of fertilizers and minimizing the soil erosion/degradation. Assistance will be provided for
various improved package of practices based on land use and soil characteristics, generated
through geographical information system (GIS) based thematic maps and database on land
and soil characteristics through extensive field level scientific surveys. Besides, this
component will also provide support to reclamation of problem soils (acid/alkaline/saline).
This component will be implemented by State Govt., National Centre of Organic Farming
(NCOF), Central Fertilizer Quality Control & Training Institute (CFQC&TI) and Soil and
Land Use Survey of India (SLUSI). Given the limitations, such as staff and infrastructure,
faced by the department of agriculture at the field level, a Public Private Partnership Model
may be adopted by states depending upon the private partner's strength in the field to
ensure that the soil testing is done in time and in the numbers required. The private parties
can be encouraged to set up soil testing labs in selected areas in the district. Government of
India has allocated funds to the tune of Rs. 47.50 lakh during 2014-15 under this
component. (iv)Climate Change and Sustainable Agriculture: CCSAMMN will provide
creation and bidirectional (land/farmers to research/scientific establishments and vice
versa) dissemination of climate change related information and knowledge by way of
piloting climate change adaptation/mitigation research/model projects in the domain of
climate smart sustainable management practices and integrated farming system suitable to
local agro-climatic conditions. The dedicated expert teams of technical personnel will be
institutionalised within NMSA to rigorously monitor and evaluate the mission activities
thrice in a year and will inform the National Committee. A consortium approach will be
evolved with various stake holders including knowledge partners like State Agricultural
Universities (SAUs), Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), Indian Council of Agricultural
Research (ICAR) Institutes etc. by the State Government to provide single window
service/knowledge provider system for the benefit of farming community. Financial
support may be provided through States to institutionalize the concept and meeting
supplementary developmental activities. Climate change related monitoring, feedback,
45
knowledge networking and skill development will also be supported under this component
through State Agricultural Universities, ICAR Institutes National/International Institutes,
KVKs, Public/Private R&D Organizations etc. Awarding of Studies, Documentation &
Publication, Domestic and Foreign Training, Workshops/Conferences etc. will be
supported under this component.
10. AGRISNET Project:
The Government of India has launched a Central sector scheme titled
"Strengthening of/ promoting agricultural informatics and communications" of which one
component is AGRISNET [Agricultural Resources Information System network] .This
envisages that the tools of ICT would provide networking of agriculture sector not only in
the country but globally and the state government department will have reservoir of
database. It will bring farmers, researchers, scientists and administrators together by
establishing Agriculture information online.
11. National e-Governance Plan -Agriculture [NeGP-A]:
Government of India has started a centrally sponsored scheme [CSS] "National e-
Governance Plan -Agriculture [NeGP-A] in Department of Agriculture and Co-operation
with outlay of Rs. 227.79 Crores. The vision behind the project is to create an environment
conducive for raising farm productivity and income to global levels through provision of
relevant information and services to stakeholders. Various IT initiatives/schemes
undertaken or implemented by DAC which are aimed at providing information to the
farmers on various activities in agriculture value chain, will be integrated, so that farmers
are able to make proper and timely use of available information. The information is
intended to be provided to farmers through various channels including common service
centres, internet kiosks and SMSs. 12 clusters of services have been identified. State
Government has constituted one State Empowered Committee and 12 District NeGP-A
Implementation Teams for the implementation of this plan and fixed the roles and
responsibilities of committees.
4.9. CONSTRAINT ANALYSIS
Seed is the most crucial input for the agricultural development of any region. The
use of the seed input, however, depends upon a number of factors such as the
rainfed/irrigated conditions, timely and adequate availability of the seed, the socio-
46
economic conditions of the farmers and also the technological levels of the farmers in that
area. It was in this context that the actual use of seeds and the seed requirements were
estimated for the districts so as to know the gaps in the usage of this most vital input. The
filling up of the gaps in seed use of different crops in the state can go a long way in
stepping up the agricultural production in the state.. As may be seen in this table, the
farmers were using higher amount of seeds than required/recommended in almost all the
crops including cereals, vegetables and spices. The pattern was broadly similar in all the
districts. The farmers tend to use higher seed rates mainly to overcome the risk in lower
germination percentage in the rainfed conditions or due to sheer lack of awareness
regarding the right dosages of the modern varieties of various crops. This leads not only to
the undesired crowding of the plant populations per unit of space thus lowering yields but
also to the unnecessary cost escalations having implications for economic viability of the
crop cultivation ultimately. In order to avoid both these negative fall outs of the improper
seed usage, the required interventions for various crops and districts have been detailed out
in respective District Agricultural Plans (DAPs). The major obstacles affecting the
progress and productivity of the district are as follows:
Poor adoption of improved varieties
Lack of awareness of suitable pest management techniques
Overdependence on rainfall
Unorganized marketing system
Non-availability of processing units and lack of know-how among the farmers
Lack of availability of quality agro-inputs.
Lack of transportation facilities.
4.10. Recommended Interventions for the District with detailed action plan
Keeping in view the above-mentioned constraints, the following specific
interventions (projects) [STREAM-I] have been recommended for obtaining an overall
growth of agriculture sector: The specific projects proposed herein are aimed at achieving
the projected growth rates in agriculture sector in Reasi. Each project is meant to provide
inputs to the growth in that particular field as extension activities alone cannot sustain
47
growth for long. These specific projects will provide a support base to the other activities.
Farmers today are more interested in short term gains and make shift solutions. Through
these projects long term issues are addressed along with catering to the immediate needs of
the farmers and the economy of the district. The recommended interventions are presented
in the table.
Recommended interventions for the district, with detailed Action Plan with costs
S.
No
Crop- activities/
Gap
Factors/constraints
leading to gap
Strategies/
mode of action
Sustainability
Output
A MAIZE
1 Non- adoption of
package and
practices
Non-availability of
inputs & lack of
knowledge
Timely availability of
inputs, Trainings &
awareness
Constant
Production
2 Low adoption of
seed treatment
Partial adoption of
seed treatment
Popularization of seed
treatment practices
Negligible
Impact
3 Incidence of pest
and diseases
Partial adoption of
pest management
practices
Popularization of pest
management practices
10 % yield
can be increased
4 Incidence of Weeds Partial adoption of
weed management
practices
Popularization of weed
management practices
10-20 % yield
can be increased
5 Low yielding
varieties
Partial adoption of
improved varieties
Popularization of HYV and
seed village
25 % increase
in yield
6 Organic cultivation Non availability of
organic package and
practices
Training, demonstration
and campaign on organic
cultivation
Improvement in
soil health
B WHEAT
1 Lesser adoption of
seed treatment
Seed borne diseases To popularize practice of
seed treatment for
maintaining crop health.
Reduction in
use of chemicals
2 Non- adoption of
package and
practices
Non-availability of
inputs & lack of
knowledge
Timely availability of
inputs, Trainings &
awareness
Constant
Production
3 Poor disease and
insect management
Emergence of
Yellow rust
Making farmer aware
through Trainings ,
demonstrations
10 % growth in
area every year
4 Low Seed
replacement rate
Non availability of
HYV
Availability of HYV &
seed production
10 % growth in
area under HYV
48
C MUSTARD
1 Low Seed
replacement rate
Non availability of
HYV
Availability of HYV &
seed production
10 % growth in
area under HYV
2 Non-adoption of
package of practice
Non-availability of
inputs & lack of
knowledge
Timely availability of
inputs, Trainings &
awareness
Constant
Production
D MOONG/MASH
1 Non adoption of
seed treatment
Seed borne diseases To popularize practice of
seed treatment for
maintaining crop health.
Reduction in
use of chemicals
2. Low Yielding
varieties
Non availability of
HYV, low
awareness
Availability of HYV &
seed production
Constant supply
of HYV
3 Poor Disease and
Insect
Management
Increase incidence
of yellow mosaic
virus during rainy
season
To educate the farmers
through training and
demonstrations
Constant
Production
E RAJMASH
1 Non adoption of
seed treatment
Seed borne diseases To popularize practice of
seed treatment for
maintaining crop health.
Reduction in
use of chemicals
2. Incidence of
diseases
Yellow mosaic virus
& other diseases,
loss in productivity
Training/Awareness Sustained
Production
3 Loss of local
germplasm
Mixing of seed Popularization of local
variety
Sustained
Production
49
4.10.1. PROJECT PROPOSAL –I
WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND IRRIGATION
IMPORTANCE
The gross area of the Reasi district is 275178 Ha. Out of this the net area sown is
25480 Ha. and the net area irrigated is 1907 Ha. which comes to about 7.5% of the area
sown. There are 34 Nos. completed schemes out of which five Nos. are non-functional.
Besides this 46 Nos. schemes have been taken under district plan during the year 2008-09.
The total CCA of all the scheme is 6054 Ha. & the potential created ending 03/2008 is
5323 Ha. Against which the utilization is 3095 Ha. only.
In case the non-functional schemes and partial functional schemes are revived and
then some additional potential as well utilization is created.Rain water harvesting is
collection and storage of excess rain water and activities like harvesting surface water,
prevention of losses through evaporation and seepage etc. Harvested rain water can be used
directly or recharged into ground water. Large number of existing water storage system i.e
storage water tanks/ponds exist in Reasi district which have been fallen to misuse due to
accumulation of silt or may require urgent repairs for life saving irrigation to the crops
with appropriate gradient for storage of water and providing irrigation to crops by gravity
system. The Ground water will be utilized by construction of dug/bore/tube wells in areas
where there is scarcity of irrigation water at tail ends. Moreover management of ground
water with surface water with the objective of supplementing surface water and controlling
rise of ground water on the other hand to avoid water logged, salinity, Alkalinity etc. But
strategy would be such which will exploit ground water to thresh hold level and will not
lower water table.
The Water use efficiency can be much higher as compared to surface method of
irrigation. In order to increase intensity and diversification in agriculture, capacity building
& transfer of improved water management technologies is required to be developed
through water recharging for critical irrigation to crops during dry spells.
50
Project Proposal On Minor Irrigation (through flow)
Flow Irrigation Scheme :-
The scheme will be based on available surface water of perennial streams, spring
water and snows melt. As majority of these sources have been taped so renovation
modernization and lining of the existing systems / defunct. System will be taken up under
this programme.
Planning/Execution and Management:-
The project will be executed purely in participatory mode with the active
participation of the targeted farming community. The project will be executed totally as per
the norms of the Government of Jammu and Kashmir state whereas the Major, Medium,
Minor schemes are executed by the Irrigation & Flood Control Department. The mandate
of Agriculture Department are only for minor and micro irrigation schemes covering CCA
of about 40 to 50 hect. Only.
The complete project of water resource management worth Rs. 1378 lacs has been
proposed, the detail has been given in the table.
Expected Outcome
Expansion of irrigated area will not only enhance the crop and cropping system
productivity by 20-25 per cent but also helps in improving the soil health. In addition, the
participatory mode of developmental activities and capacity building of different
stakeholders helps in creating awareness among the water users to use the available water
more efficiently and improve the system efficiency and also creates more job
opportunities, strengthening of agro-based industries and supports local market. There by
the agricultural growth rate can be expected to 4-5 per cent.
51
Table 11: Block wise Targets for Water Resource Management and Irrigation
(Fin in Lacs)
Component Unit Arnas, Mahore, Reasi Pouni Total
Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin.
Water harvesting for
individuals for storage of
water tank (50% of cost
limited to Rs.0.90 /No. )
20x20x3 in pond/
Tubewell/Dugwells@
100 cubic meter.( As per
MIDH Guidline)_
No. 5 4.50 5 4.50 5 4.50 5 4.50 20 18.00
Installation of irri. Pump
sets @ 10,000/- each on
50% subsidy No. 20 2.00 20 2.00 20 2.00 20 2.00 80 8.00
Roof top water harvesting
@ 30,000/- per structure No. 100 30.00 100 30.00 100 30.00 100 30.00 400 120.00
Tube wells with max
assistance Rs 20.00 lacs No. 2 40.00 2 40.00 2 40.00 2 40.00 8 160.00
Flow irrigation Scheme No. 5 340 3 158 8 363 5 211 21 1072
TOTAL 416.50 234.50 439.50 287.50 1378
Table 12: Detail of Flow Irrigation Scheme proposed under RKVY for 12th
Plan
S. No. Name of Scheme Block C.C.A./ Length (In Ha.) Estimated Cost (in Lacs)
1 Akhli buttan Reasi 470 110.00
2 Kanjali 107 60.00
3 Bhagal Chemara 375 30.00
4 Upper Pai Khul 397 55.00
5 Upper Pai High Level
Khul
200 28.00
6 Sukhter Khul 140 24.00
7 Ghiala Lift Scheme 200 40.00
8 Garan Khul 129 16.00
9 Kheral Lift Pouni 300 60.00
10 Gajor Old Khul 191 55.00
11 Gajor High level Khul 150 50.00
12 Bharakh Kanthi Khul 190 28.00
13 Ransoo Khul 150 18.00
14 Hatti khul Arnas 1900 75.00
15 Latti Khul 1600 65.00
16 Surokote Khul 2500 100.00
17 Chinkah Khul 500 40.00
18 Baldanu Khoul (Khad
Nala)
700 60.00
19 Chitta Basa Khul Mahore 700 45.00
20 Bathori Khul 1000 55.00
21 Banjla Saroli Khul 1100 58.00
Total 12999 1072.00
52
4.10.2. PROJECT PROPOSAL –II
INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF MAJOR CROPS/ VEGETABLES
DEMONSTRATIONS OF IMPROVED CROP PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
The demonstration on farmer‟s fields of research findings of applied nature will be
conducted by field staff to ensure early adoption of recommended package of practices and an
amount of Rs. 42.60 lakhs is proposed. Scientific demonstrations of demonstrations of Maize
hybrid/ Composite of 0.4 ha, each, demonstrations of wheat., demonstration of pulses,
demonstration of Oilseeds of 0.2 ha each, demonstrations of fodder of 0.2 ha each,
demonstration of vegetables of 0.2 ha., demonstration of spices (0.1 ha each) are proposed in the
plan period with financial assistance mentioned in the table.
The distribution of Kitchen garden kits for increasing production of vegetables in the
district is also proposed. Extension support, use of biofertilizers, balanced fertilization including
use of micro nutrients especially zinc sulphate and plant protection measures may be made
available in the demonstration programme as per incentive norms shown against each crop
The emphasis may also be given for judicious use of inputs and production technology
on intensive cropping system. The demonstration will be linked with farmers training / field
days for which the funds have been kept separately.
The extension specialists will supervise these demonstrations and provide requisite
technical advice to the farmers. The results will be analyzed, evaluated and given wide publicity
through distribution of leaflets, brochures etc.
The demonstration on seed treatment pesticides, weedicides, rodenticides and bio
pesticides will be laid out on 50% subsidy to the beneficiaries with financial assistance as
mentioned in the table.
53
Table 13: Block wise Targets for Demonstrations of Improved Crop Production
Technology (Rs. In Lacs)
Component Unit Arnas, Mahore, Reasi Pouni Total
Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin.
Maize hybrid each
of 0.4 ha each
incentive Rs.
5000/- per ha
No. 150 3 150 3 150 3 150 3 600 12
Wheat each of 0.4
ha area with
incentive 5000/-
per ha
No. 75 1.50 75 1.50 75 1.50 75 1.50 300 6
Pulses/(Rajmash
each of 0.2 ha area
with incentive of
Rs. 2500/- ha.(Kh
& Rabi)
No. 100 0.50 100 0.50 100 0.50 100 0.50 400 2
Oil seeds each of
0.2 ha area with
incentive of 2500/-
per ha.(Kh & Rb)
No. 50 0.50 50 0.50 50 0.50 50 0.50 200 2
Fodder each of 0.2
ha area with
incentive of 2500/-
per ha.(Kh& Rb)
No. 100 0.50 100 0.50 100 0.50 100 0.50 400 2
Vegetables Exotic/
Hybrid/ Potato@
13000/- ha each
demonstration of
0.2 ha area (Kh &
Rabi)
No. 30 1.05 30 1.05 30 1.05 30 1.05 120 4.2
Spices @ 13000/-
per ha each dem.
of 0.2 ha area
No. 10 0.35 10 0.35 10 0.35 10 0.35 40 1.4
Kitchen garden @
Rs. 200/ kits No. 125 0.25 125 0.25 125 0.25 125 0.25 500 1
Seed treatment
with incentive of
Rs. 100/- per qtl.
of seed for
Cereals, Fodder,
Pulses, Oilseeds,
Vegetables etc.
Qtls 3000 3 3000 3 3000 3 3000 3 12000 12
Total 10.65 10.65 10.65 10.65 42.60
54
4.10.3. PROJECT PROPOSAL –III
PARTICIPATORY SEED PRODUCTION FOR FOOD SECURITY AND SOCIO-
ECONOMIC STABILITY OF FARMING COMMUNITY
IMPORTANCE
The J&K State with diverse agro-climatic conditions has unique features of
supporting wide range of field and horticultural crops to achieve nutritional security of the
population. However, the productivity levels of different crops are below the All India
average in majority of the crops. To achieve significant enhancement in productivity of
different crops, genetic enhancement through varietal improvement has been the main focus
in national and state public and private institutions. Many improved varieties/ hybrids have
been developed and released by both public and private sectors for the benefit of the farmers.
It has been demonstrated in majority of the crops, that quality seed of improved varieties
results in yield increase more than 25-30%. However, there is wide gap between demand and
supply of quality seed in the district. As a result seed replacement rate continues to be much
below (14-15%) the desired level of 25 and 30% in self and cross pollinated crops
respectively. Most of the private sector companies concentrate on high cost low volume seeds
grown by large farmers on limited scale. Majority of the small and marginal farmers require
high volume, low cost location specific seeds that are neglected even by public sector seed
production organizations. All this lead to non- availability of quality seeds to the farmers as
per the requirement at the time of sowing. Alternatively, the farmers uses his own farm
produce as seeds which are vigorous less and have less productivity.
To mitigate these problems, farmers, participatory seed production programme is
planned in the proposed project with the following objectives.
Objectives:
Demonstration of improved varieties / hybrids and technologies on farmer‟s field.
Large scale seed production and distribution at reasonable price through farmer‟s
participatory seed production programme.
To upgrade the quality of seed produce through seed processing and seed treatment.
Quality control of the produced seeds by seed testing.
55
Human resource development by imparting training to the field staff and farmers on
seed production and quality control.
Employment generation at village level by involving rural youths and school drop
outs in seed production activities.
Expected Outcome
The wide gap between demand and supply of quality seed of improved varieties/
hybrids can be bridged with the farmers‟ participation in seed production under seed village
concept. This helps to demonstrate and saturate the selected potential seed village with
quality seeds of improved varieties / hybrids of major crops. The concerned officers&
extension specialist of the Department besides the university scientist shall monitor the seed
production programme and there would be close linkage with the farmers and scientist for
technology transfer and successful quality seed production. The potential seed village for
each crop shall be selected and the farmers will be trained in different techniques of quality
seed production and post–harvest handling operations .the universities supply the genetically
pure seeds of improved varieties for further seed production. The infrastructure requirement
need to be developed for harvesting/ threshing, seed processing, seed storage and seed
transportation.
The trainings and field days/meals are included in the proposal on Human Resource
Development for wide spread dissemination of seed production skills, impact of quality seeds
in agricultural production and improved varieties/hybrids. The local rural youth and women
will be involved in human resource development and rural employment generated in seed
production, processing, testing and transportation and distribution activities. This would help
to increase the availability of quality seed of improved varieties/hybrids in the district to
increase productivity by more than 30%. This would be the initial step to achieve and sustain
about 4% annual agricultural growth in the state for improving socio-economic status and
nutritional security of our farming community.
The procurement of seeds and their quality management are most crucial aspects of
certified seed production. The assistance will be provided under Seed Village Programme @
Rs. 350/quintal to meet the cost of certification, loss due to rouging and undersized seeds.
The provision has been made to ensure storage facility in proximity of seed village through
56
hiring of private godowns. The subsidy on seed distribution also provided to the tune of 50%,
subject to maximum Rs. 800/ qtl on cereals and Rs.2000/ qtl on pulses and oilseeds.
Strengthening of Departmental Seed Multiplication Farms
District Reasi is blessed with different agro-climatic zones thereby providing
opportunities to grow various types of agricultural/ horticultural crops. The climate varies
from subtropical in southern pockets to temperate in high mountainous areas. These varied
conditions imply that different varieties of single crops are required for specific areas of the
district. Each pocket has its specific requirement and any seed to be introduced must be
tested in these locations. Also the latest production technology has to be demonstrated
among the farmers for its adoption. In District Reasi the Department of Agriculture has five
Seed Farms and there is one Farm under the Krishi Vigayan Kendra Reasi that may be
developed as advanced centre for demonstration of new technologies among the farmers.
Mandates of farms
1. To demonstrate the latest production technology among the farmers.
2. To multiply the breeder seeds produced by the SAU/Research stations.
3. To make available seeds of different crop varieties as per the requirements of farmers
at cheaper rates.
4. To test the new seeds imported from outside the state.
5. Employment opportunities to the local farmers.
Objectives
To increase the production of quality seed of different crops.
To provide seeds which are adaptable to local conditions.
Justification of the projects
Limited Resources with the Department
The four farms under department of agriculture in the district needs strengthening
because there are limited resources with the department. These limited resources have
resulted in difficulty in managing these Seed farms. Lack of funds does not allow purchasing
the new equipments required in modern Seed Farms.
57
Benefits to the farmers
The Seed Farms will provide quality Seed which are cheaper and are acclimatized to the
local conditions. These Farms also served as Demonstrations unit to the farmers and are best
locations for organizing the field days for training the farmers.
Saving on transportation
As the seed is produced and multiplied locally at these Farms and at farmers fields,
the government will save on transportation cost which is accrued while importing huge
quantities of seed from other states.
Save guards against diseased/ weed seed
Locally produced seeds prevent the entry of invasive weed seeds and contagious
diseases like carnal bunt of wheat.
Action Plan
A total outlay of Rs. 363 lacs is proposed in 12th
plan which includes Rs. 300 lacs for
maintenance and development of departmental seed farms (Reclamation, irrigation, fencing,
machinery, stores, contingency etc.) and Rs. 63 lacs to produce quality seeds of major crops
under participatory seed production programme. This would strengthen the seed production
activities of the department which during 2014-15 to 2016-17. It is also proposed to
strengthen the augmentation and supply of basic seeds namely breeder and foundation seeds
to other seed producing agencies, private seed organization etc. for large scale production of
& availability of quality seeds.
58
Table 14: Block wise Targets for Participatory Seed Production for Food Security
(Fin in Lacs)
Component Unit Arnas, Mahore, Reasi Pouni Total
Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin.
Procurement
/ Production
of
foundation
certified seed
incentive @
3000/ qtls
through Seed
villages
(maize,
wheat)
Qtls 50 1.50 50 1.50 50 1.50 50 1.50 200 6
Production
of certified
Seed with
incentive @
Rs 350/ qtls
through Seed
Village
(Maize,Whe
at)
Qtls 500 1.75 500 1.75 500 1.75 500 1.75 2000 7
Distribution
of certified
seed on 50%
sub. With
max
incentive of
Rs.800/ qtls
on cereals
Qtls 1000 8.00 1000 8.00 1000 8.00 1000 8.00 4000 32
Distribution
of
Hybrid/OPV
Veg seeds on
100% &
50%
respectively
Hyb
Qtls 1 1.50 1 1.50 1 1.50 1 1.50 4 6
OPV
Qtls 1 0.50 1 0.50 1 0.50 1 0.50 4 2
Seed Village
Programme
(5000/ha.of
cereals
(kh+Rabi)
Ha 50 2.50 50 2.50 50 2.50 50 2.50 200 10
Strengthenin
g of 4
Departmenta
l Seed
Multiplicatio
n Farms
No. - - - - - - - - - 300
Total 15.75 15.75 15.75 15.75 363.00
59
4.10.4. PROJECT PROPOSAL –IV
DEVELOPMENT OF RAINFED FARMING
Rainfed areas are characterized with very low and highly variable uncertain yields due
to in adequate and uneven distribution of rainfall, late on-set and early cessation of rains,
prolonged dry spells during the crop season. Low and erratic rainfall, degraded soils and poor
resource base of farmers are some of the constraints affecting productivity and livelihood of
farming community. Projects worth Rs. 639.60 lacs have been proposed in this plan which
includes 8 new watersheds with financial assistance of 600 lakhs during 2014-15 to 2016-
17(500 ha)/watershed. The plasticulture units i.e. Plastic mulching, polygreen houses/ have
been proposed with financial assistance of 39.60 lacs during the project period 2014-15 to
2016-17. Thus, a total amount of Rs. 639.60 lacs has been proposed under development of
rainfed farming in Reasi district..
Table 15: Block wise Targets for Development of Rainfed Farming (Fin in Lacs)
Component Unit Arnas, Mahore, Reasi Pouni Total
Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin.
Polygreen
house 16m ×
5m @ Rs.
6400/-
No. 100 6.40 100 6.40 100 6.40 100 6.40 400 25.6
Plastic
mulching @
Rs. 7000/-
ha.
No. 50 3.50 50 3.50 50 3.50 50 3.50 200 14
Developmen
t of
Watersheds
of 500 Ha
each
No. 2 150.00 2 150.00 2 150.00 2 150.00 20 600
Total 194.9 194.9 194.9 1364.3 639.60
60
4.10.5. PROJECT PROPOSAL –V
PROMOTION OF ORGANIC FARMING
Organic farming is a system of farming by which crops are grown and produce
obtained without the use of synthetic fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides which in turn
promotes health of agro-eco system, increases bio diversity and biological activity and thus is
safe and healthy for human consumption.
Department of Agriculture, Jammu has selected reputed and experienced service
providers/promoting agencies for assigning the work of promotion, adoption and certification
of organic farming under RKVY at farmer‟s field in identified areas of Jammu Division.
KVK, Reasi also conduct training programmes on organic farming and motivate the farmers
for organic farming through which they can fetch more prices. Organic farming has been
taken up on cluster basis with a duty recognized system in place for certification so that the
produce obtained is duly certified. The minimum period of conversion into organic farming is
3 years as organic. However for areas organic by default the time period can be reduced
subject or certification by departmental officers.
In Reasi district M/S ACTECH Information System Ltd, Agro Private Ltd are the
service providers and an area of 317 Ha in villages Talwara, Pata, Kans Brahmna, Kund
Kanyari, Kanyari, Majra Kund, Pouni, Lehar, Kanha, Kans Khas have been allotted to them
vegetables are grown there since 2011-12.
Infrastructure facilities for input production are in the process of creation with the
participating farmers and farmers are being trained for upgrading their skills and for input
production and its use.
Objectives of the Organic farming
Scientific updating and utilization of organic farming practices and local wisdom.
To use location specific, diversified organic farming practices and land use systems to
sustain natural resources, enhance the productivity and farm income.
Reasi district has a lot of potential in context of organic farming, especially for fruit
production. A budget of Rs. 487.60 lakh has been proposed to promote organic farming and
carry out such activities that would led to the adoption of organic farming in the district on a
large area.
61
Table 16: Block wise Targets for Organic Farming (Fin in Lacs)
Component Unit Arnas, Mahore, Reasi Pouni Total
Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin.
Const. of
vermi
compost unit
@ 50,000/-
unit
No. 10 5.00 10 5.00 10 5.00 10 5.00 40 20
Construction
of compost
pits @
(1000/-
farmer) for
two pits
No. 500 5.00 500 5.00 500 5.00 500 5.00 2000 20
Establishmen
t of vermi
culture
hatcheries at
depart. and
farmers level
No. 1 1.50 1 1.50 1 1.50 1 1.50 4 6
Distribution
of
vermicompos
t for
popularizatio
n @ 6000/-
ha
No. 20 2.00 20 2.00 20 2.00 20 2.00 80 8
Distribution
of organic
inputs @
10,000/- unit
No. 10 1.00 10 1.00 10 1.00 10 1.00 40 4
Total 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 58.00
62
4.10.6. PROJECT PROPOSAL –VI
OFF SEASON VEGETABLE CULTIVATION
Introduction:
The protecting structures provide favorable growing conditions to the plants even if
conditions are not so favorable out side these structure. The Green Houses provide optimum
growing conditions of light, temperature and humidity to achieve higher yield and optimum
quality. These structures provide an opportunity to produce off season crops thereby
increasing the possibility of higher returns among the growers.
In present times there is great demand of vegetables however due to decreasing land
holdings protected cultivation offers an alternative for the production of these high value
crops in not so suited areas. These Structures also helps in modifying the atmosphere
surrounding the crop thereby decreasing the effects of natural calamities such as high /low
temperatures and drought etc.
The topography and uncertain climatic conditions of the District favours Green
House/protected cultivation. The produce from these structures can be easily marketed to
nearby towns often visited by the tourists and pilgrims. As a profession, agriculture is
loosing attraction among the rural youth which is partially due to drudgeries and hard field
work. In this scenario the rural youth can be motivated into adoption of protected cultivation
from where they can harvest increased profits from lesser land holdings. Protected
cultivation is a specialized technique where these educated rural youth can put in their
knowledge and ideas for getting maximum benefits.
There is a good potential to remote protected cultivation in the District for cultivation
of high value crops. In temperate areas, vegetable growers can increase their income by
raising early crops where as in lower areas the season of cultivation can be modified for year
round cultivation of vegetables.
The main aim of the protected cultivation is to create a favorable environment to
provide a sustainable growth to the plants in order to realized its maximum potentials even if
63
adverse climatic conditions exists in the out side atmosphere. It provide an opportunity to
efficiently utilize the resources and obtain higher yields.
Project Proposal on protected cultivation of off-season vegetable.
Objectives
1. Promotion of off season cultivation of vegetable for increasing farmr income.
2. Production of exotic and rare vegetables.
3. Vegetable seed production.
Advantages Of Green House Technology
Protection from adverse climatic conditions.
Increase in yields.
Harvesting time can be adjusted.
Production of off season crops.
Protection against diseases and pests.
Waste lands can be utilized.
Better water use.
Increased profits.
The following activities are proposed to carry out under protected cultivation project:
Assistance for promotion of low cost green house.
Assistance for promotion of high tech green house.
Trainings on protected cultivation.
Exposure visits of farmers.
64
Table 17: Block wise Targets for Off-season Vegetable Production (Fin in Lacs)
Component Unit Arnas, Mahore, Reasi Pouni Total
Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin.
50% Assistance
for promotion of
low cost green
house (200 Sq
M) @ Rs. 0.40
lacs with 50%
subsidy (0.20
lacs)
No. 2 0.40 2 0.40 2 0.40 2 0.40 8 1.6
50% Assistance
for promotion of
high tech green
house (500 Sq
M ) @ Rs. 5
lacs with 50%
subsidy (2.5
lacs)
No. 1 2.50 1 2.50 1 2.50 1 2.50 4 10
Training on
protected
cultivation @
Rs. 0.005 lacs
with 50%
subsidy
No. 20 0.1 20 0.1 20 0.1 20 0.1 80 0.4
Exposure visits
of farmers with
in the state for
three days @
Rs. 0.01 lacs
with 50%
subsidy
No. 10 0.1 10 0.1 10 0.1 10 0.1 40 0.4
Exposure visits
of farmers out
side the state
for five days @
Rs. 0.025 lacs
with 50%
subsidy
No. 10 0.25 10 0.25 10 0.25 10 0.25 40 1
Total 3.35 3.35 3.35 3.35 13.40
65
4.10.7. PROJECT PROPOSAL –VII
INOVATIVE SCHEMES
4.10.7. A. MUSHROOM DEVELOPMENT
Introduction
Mushrooms are popular for their delicacy, flavor as well as food value. The Agro-
climatic condition of Reasi especially in certain pockets has ample scope for cultivation of
mushroom. Mainly two types of Mushrooms viz. white button mushroom and Dhingri
Mushroom are cultivated in the area. However there is scope for cultivation of other species
also such as Calocybe ( Milky Mushroom). Places of tourist interest in the district such as
Katra, Shiv Khori etc. offers scope for marketing of the produce.
District Reasi lags behind the other adjoining districts of Jammu province in Mushroom
cultivation. People of the area are poor and are small farmers who need encouragements and
assistance for adoptation of this specialized enterprise.
Mushroom cultivation is done seasonally by small and marginal farmers. Seasonal
cropping rooms are simple rooms with certain modifications for maintaining specific
environmental conditions. These rooms have cemented floors, cemented or false ceiling with
arrangement for forced air circulation in side the room. Mushrooms are grown in polythene
bags containing spawned mushroom compost kept on shelves/racks made of bamboo or iron.
Seasonal growing rooms are dependent on the prevailing environmental conditions coinciding
with the various growth stages. However, temperature and humidity can be slightly modified
using heaters/coolers and spraying of water etc.
A Mushroom house of size 20‟x12‟x10‟ handling 100 trays (4 MT) of compost that could
generate the profit of Rs. 4000 per month is considered the smallest viable unit of mushroom
growing. However, small farmers in the district hesitate to bear the initial investment for
establishment of mushroom houses.
Thus, for promotion of mushroom activity financial assistance at 50% subsidy will be
provided to few growers in the district which will help in popularizing mushroom cultivation.
66
Objectives:
Promotion of Mushroom cultivation in the district.
Round the year cultivation of Mushrooms
Table 18: Project Proposal for Establishment of Small Scale Mushroom Units
Component Unit Arnas, Mahore, Reasi Pouni Total
Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin.
50% Assistance
for
establishment of
small scale
mushroom
house handling
400 bags
compost
(20‟x12‟x10‟)*
No. 5 2.5 5 2.5 10 5.0 10 5.0 30 15
Installation of
tools and
equipments in
mushroom
house**
No. 5 0.5 5 0.5 10 1.0 10 1.0 30 3
Assistance for
procurement/
preparation of
substrate upto
800 bags***
No. 5 1.0 5 1.0 10 2.0 10 2.0 30 6
Total 4.0 4.0 8.0 8.0 24.00
*Mushroom Houses will be constructed under the guidance of in charges under whose area the location falls.
The Mushroom House of size (20’x12’x10’ ) will have concrete flour with brick walls having cemented plaster,
one door, one inlet and two out lets for air with concrete roof.
**Electrical fittings, iron racks, Exhaust fans, foot /hand compression sprayer, cooler, heater. Thermometers,
weighing balance and polythene sealer, folk plastic bucket, tub and baskets, polythene ducts and mushroom cool
kit.
***The procurement of raw material by the farmers at his own level may be verified before realizing the subsidy
67
4.10.7. B. APICULTURE DEVELOPMENT
Beekeeping is a very fascinating rural Agro-horticulture based activity. It fits very
well in the integrated agricultural system as an allied activity to increase the income of all
groups of farmers, including small & marginal, the agricultural labourers and others.
Beekeeping industry is a highly rewarding economic activity which provides self
employment, production of honey & other by-products and more importantly provides cross
pollination of agricultural and horticultural crops to improve the quantity and the quality of
yield. Reasi District is blessed with bountiful natural flora, which provides ample grounds for
Apiculture to flourish as an industry.
Status
In Reasi District at present there are about 500 number of Bee colonies including
private as well as departmental producing 25 quintals of Honey per year. As per the floral
availability there is potential of rearing 8000-10000 number of Bee colonies, yield an income
of Rs.100.00 lacs in the kitty of private beekeepers of the district. There is tremendous scope
of Beekeeping in district and variety of flora available as enumerated in the table. Floral
availability in the district from different sources
S No Floral pockets
in the district
Floral Plants Blossoming Time
1 Trikuta hills of Katra Phalai, Shisham, Jamun, Mustard,
Eucayptlus, Radish and spring
flowers.
Maize, Solai (Plectranthus)
Feb-March
Aug-Sept
Oct-Nov
2 Gulab Garh Mustard
Apple, Apricot
Wild Ajwain
Maize
Solai (Plectranthus)
Feb-March
March-April
May-June
July-August
Sept-Oct
The Present status of bee keeping in Reasi District is as follows:
1. Total existing potential 10,000 Bee colonies.
2 Existing Bee Colonies at present 500 Nos.
3 Potential utilized 5 %
4 Honey production (in Qtls.) 25 (2012-13)
68
NEED:
According to the agricultural scientists, India needs a minimum of 2000 lakh Honey
Bee colonies just to pollinate and increase productivity of 12 major crops. Beekeeping
industry can play an important role in addressing both these challenges i.e., providing
employment to a large number of youths and nutritive food in adequate quantity to all people
which in India is estimated to be about 140 crores by 2030AD.
Mostly Apis mellifera, are maintained all over the world. India has indigenous Apis
Cerana bee colonies and introduced European Apis mellifera bees. India produces 65000 MT
honey per year and around 26089MT was exported to different countries of the world.
Beside honey, there are various other high value products of Beekeeping, viz;
beeswax, bee venom, royal jelly, propolis etc. These products including honey have high
demand in National and International markets. It should be remembered that all the bee
products are used either as food or in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. For this
reason, hygienic collection, handling, processing, storage, etc. and maintaining National and
International purity standards are of prime importance.
The major constraints confronting the development of Beekeeping are:
Lack of quality nucleus stock of Apis cerana and Apis mellifera
Lack of infrastructure for producing large volumes of genetically superior queen bees
for supply to beekeepers
Lack of technical knowledge for efficient management of bee colonies
Lack of institutional support for Beekeeping in terms of bank loans, etc
Recommendations
Only 5% of the potential of bee keeping in Reasi District has been realized till date.
As such it is recommended that the full existing potential of 10000 Bee Colonies be utilized
in next five years. Therefore, concerted efforts are needed to tackle all these problems by
popularizing the State of Art technologies relating to nucleus stock production and capacity
building and training of bee breeders and beekeepers, conservation and maintenance of
existing bee-colonies, their rapid multiplication and increasing their productivity on priority.
69
Measures Proposed under project:
A) Strengthening of Honey Bee Keeping Activities in Private sector by incentivizing Bee
hives, Bee colonies and Bee keeping equipments:
The Department of Agriculture Jammu shall provide quality bee hives, bee colonies
and bee keeping equipments to the bee-keepers. And in this direction provision of 50%
subsidy is proposed. Improved honey extraction and storage system shall be provided to the
identified beneficiaries by replacing obsolete equipments with stainless steel material.
B) Strengthening & Development of Apiculture Demo. Centres of the Department
Presently there are 2 number of Demonstration cum Training Centres in Reasi district
where. it is desired to have at least 50 number of Bee- colonies in each Demonstration cum
training centres. To strengthen and develop the Apiculture Demonstration Centres of the
Department assistance of Rs.0.70 lakhs is proposed.
B.1.) Installation of Computerized Comb Foundation Sheet Mill:
Comb Foundation (CF) sheets are the basic inputs for successful Bee keeping. These
sheets save a lot of time of honey bees in collection of nectars and pollen. Providing good
quality comb-foundation sheets to the bee colonies can save their energy for fully utilizing the
available potential for foraging of nectar and pollen during blossom period. As such the
availability of computerized C.F Sheet can bring revolution in multiplication of Bee colonies
and honey production. For this the Department requires to introduce computerized C.F mill /
machine.
Since there is a huge existing potential of Bee keeping in Jammu division as such
there is a need to introduce a fully-automatic comb foundation machine at the Divisional H.Q
Jammu which will cater the requirement of C.F sheets of whole of the Jammu division. Even
the facility can be extended to the private Bee keepers on nominal service charges of Rs. 2/-
per C.F sheets.
Specifications
The specification of fully computerized C.F.Sheet Fabrication Mill is as under:
Length of rolls- 750 mm. 380 V
Cell size- 5.4 mm (800 cells / dm2)
70
As per the existing status of bee keeping in Jammu division the Total requirement of
C.F sheets is Rs 4, 49,700 @ 20 sheets per bee colony as calculated hereunder:
Existing no. of Bee colonies 22485 Nos.
Requirement of C.F sheets 449700 Nos.
Value Rs. 1,12,42,500
As such the introduction of fully-automatic machine will not be a burden on the
department. The fully automatic Comb Foundation Sheet machine of the above mentioned
specifications costs about Rs. 30 lakhs. The machine will be installed in the public sector by
Department of Agriculture Jammu who are mandated to promote this sector in a big way. The
machine will benefit the Bee-keepers immensely. Promotion of Apiculture can be achieved
by strengthening and encouraging the famers to adopt the enterprise. Under the proposed
project Plan, 30 farmers will be selected per year and each farmer shall be provided 10,15,20
and 25 number of bee hives and bee colonies for the year 2013-142014-15,2015-16 and 2016-
17 respectively.
Table 19: Project proposal for the development of apiculture for Departmental
Demonstration Centre
S.
No. Component Unit
2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total Fin.
Involvement
Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Fin.
1
Beehives @
Rs. 2000/hive
50
beehives
per unit
100 2.0 100 2.10* 100 2.11 100 2.106 8.31
2
Beecolonies
@
Rs.1140/colony
50
Colonies 100 1.14 100 1.20* 100 1.25 100 1.32 4.86
3
Strengthening
Dev. Of
Apiculture
dem. Centre
2 Nos.
2 1.40 2 1.50* 2 1.55 2 1.62 6.07
* with 5% hike in each successive year
TOTAL 19.24
71
Table 20: Project proposal for the development of apiculture in Private sector
S.
No. Component Unit
2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Total Fin.
Involvement
(in lacs)
Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Fin.
1
Beehives for 30
beneficiaries @ Rs.
2000/hive with 5% hike in
subsequent year
No. 300 3.0 450 4.5 600 6.6 750 9.075 23.18
2
Bee colony for 30
beneficiaries@ Rs.1140/-
colony with 5% hike in
subsequent year
No. 300 1.7 450 2.695 600 3.77 750 4.95 13.18
3
Purchase of equipment @
Rs. 7000/beneficiary with
5% hike in subsequent
years.
No. 30 1.05 30 1.103 30 1.158 30 1.216 4.53
4
Purchase of equipment @
Rs. 2000/beneficiary with
5% hike in subsequent
years.
No. 30 0.30 30 0.315 30 0.331 30 0.348 1.30
5
Incentive for irrigation @
Rs. 6000/beneficiary with
5% hike in subsequent
years.
No. 30 0.90 30 0.945 30 0.993 30 1.042 3.90
6
Trg.within state for 7days
for 30 farmers @ Rs.
2500/per farmer with 5%
hike in subsequent yrs.
No. 30 0.75 30 0.788 30 0.827 30 0.868 3.24
TOTAL 49.33
Total Project Cost (A + B) = 68.57
Anticipated Outcome:
Targetted 4% growth in Agriculture Sector shall be facilitated.
Field gaps in important crops shall be reduced by focusing an improved pollination &
higher seed set.
Maximized returns to the farmer/orchards/horticulturists.
Creation of say-employment opportunities.
Assistance to Agriculture Entrepreneurs.
Strengthening of production infrastructure for large volumes of genetically superior queen
bees for supply beekeepers & quality nucleus stock of Apis mellifera and Apis cerana shall
be produced.
72
4.10.7. C. AGRO-FORESTRY AND MEDICINAL PLANTATION
The District plan of Agroforestry and Medicinal Plantation for District Reasi is
discussed below:
AGROFORESTRY:
a) Increasing area under agroforestry through plantation in waste lands & on bunds.
b) Increasing area under agro-horticulture-Pasture.
c) Promotion of Medicinal & Aromatic plants production.
d) Demonstrations and trainings including farmers and field officials.
e) Soil conservation through plantation of Agroforestry crops.
SOCIAL FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT
Forestry plays a vital and important role in the maintenance of ecological balance.
Forests provide the fuel, fodder and timber. Agro forestry has been emerged an important
farming system for boosting the financial condition of farmers and improving their
livelihood. The main forestry species available for potential area in the district are Pine, Tun,
Tali, Kardyar, Siras, Arjuna, Mango, Dhrenk, Poplar, Eucalypts, Bamboo, Citrus and Deodar,
Most of the social forestry is being practiced on govt. and village panchayat lands. The
departmental nurseries at Soola, Katra, Manthal & Udhampur are producing quality seedlings
for supplying to farmers at cheaper rates to boost the forestry in the district.
Scope of Social forestry and Agro forestry in the district:
There is a great scope of social forestry plantation on soil erosin and fodder trees
plantation, due to high demand by the local people. The farmers can get additional income
from poplar plantation in agro forestry system as intercrops like wheat, potato, spices and
other vegetables can be successfully grown during 6-8 years of plantation.
MEDICINAL & AROMATIC PLANTS PRODUCTION
Medicinal and aromatic plants have an important role in today‟s life. Due to side
effects of chemical used in medicines people preferring the herbal medicines for long term
treatment of diseases. So it has become an industry of millions turnover. Farmers can get the
benefits of this trend. MAP‟s can, not only be sold in the market but also can be used for own
purpose.
73
Scope of MAP’s in District Reasi
District Reasi has a vide scope in MAP‟s production due to its climatic Zones. It has
intermediate zone to high hill areas, suitable for the propagation of the medicinal plants. In
Jammu there are many industrial units involved in Ayurvedic medicines production.
Table 21: Block wise Targets for Promoting Medicinal & Aromatic Plantation
(Fin in Lacs)
Component Unit Chenani Ghordi Ramnagar Majalta Total
Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin.
Proposal for
demonstrations on
Poplar planting in
irrigated areas
Ha 20 2.00 20 2.00 20 2.00 20 2.00 80 8.00
Proposal for
demonstrations on
Medicinal & Aromatic
plants production
Ha 10 0.50 10 0.50 10 0.50 10 0.50 40 2.00
Publication and
publicity material No. 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 4.00
Study tour of farmers No. 1 2.00 1 2.00 1 2.00 1 2.00 4 8.00
Total 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 22.00
74
4.10.8. PROJECT PROPOSAL –VIII
SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
Soil-water-plant resources are nature‟s gift to mankind. Demographic
projections & increasing pressure on land and water resources have indicated that per
capita land availability would reduce from 0.91 ha in 1951 to 0.17 ha by 2050 while
per capita water availability will decline from 5300m3 in 1955 to 1235m
3 by 2050.
Rampant soil erosion & degradation of land & water resources are further posing
serious threat to food, environmental, socio-economic & livelihood securities.
About half of the country‟s geographical area is affected by different form of
soil erosion & land degradation. This is not only causing loss of productivity, floods
& droughts but also environmental hazards & reduction in livelihood opportunities.
Rainfed area, that constitute about two-thirds of nation‟s 142M ha cultivated land, are
the resource poor areas with low levels of productivity & suffer most from such
degradation & vagaries of nature.
Through the ages, Indian agriculture has been sustained by natural & man-
made water bodies such as lakes, tanks, ponds, khuls & similar structures. But, it has
been observed that the irrigation potential of the local water resources such as
perennial nallah, khuls etc. has not been properly tapped & hence under utilization of
irrigation potential. There is an urgent need to restore & augment the available water
resources directly linked to agriculture & to recover and extend their lost irrigation
potential.
Ground water can also be tapped for irrigation purposes on individual or
community basis.
G) Project Proposal on Soil & Water Conservation
1. Land Protection Works:-
The unchecked excessive run off which flows through arable & non arable
lands from upper reaches causes the main damage in form of sheet, rill & gully
erosion. When this run off accumulates in the low reaches & flows in nallahs, it
causes nallah bank cutting. Thus, with the aim of insitu moisture conservation & safe
75
disposal of excessive run off, various soil & water conservation measures such as
diversion drains/bunds, gully plugs/check dams, nallah bank erosion control
structures, bench terracing, land leveling/ reshaping etc. are being recommended. The
financial ceiling under this component will be Rs.0.25 Lac per Hectare.
2. Water Harvesting Structures (R.C.C.)/Pump Sets
Run off capturing & its recycling for irrigation holds key to stable &
sustainable development of rainfed agriculture. It is proposed to construct various
water conservation structure viz. farm ponds, water harvesting structure, distribution
of pumps sets etc. under water Harvesting structures. The manmade water bodies such
as lakes, tanks, ponds & similar structures which have fallen into disuse and are in
urgent need of repairs, will also be repaired, renovated & restored under this
component. The financial ceiling under this component will be Rs.2.00 Lac per
Hectare.
3. On Farm Development Works
Provision of assured irrigations a pre-requisite for increased crop production
and the maintenance of the national economy at a sustained basis. The water must be
utilized efficiently with minimum transmission, evaporation & deep percolation losses
with out causing any damage to the fields. A detailed survey is carried out to
investigate the area to be irrigated, condition of water source, distribution and
alignment of field channels. The ground water will also be tapped for irrigation
purposes on individual/community basis by constructing shallow tube wells, shallow
dugout wells, percolation wells etc. It is proposed to construct field channels, water
distribution structures, shallow tube wells, shallow dugout wells, percolation wells
etc. under the On Farm Development works. The financial ceiling under this
component will be Rs.0.50 Lac per Hectare.
76
Table 22: Component/scheme wise detail of the soil & water conservation
programme proposed under different blocks of district Reasi
S.
No.
Block Component/
Scheme
Area
(ha)
Budget Requirement
Est
imate
d
Cost
(la
cs)
2014-1
5
2015-1
6
2016-1
7
1. Mahore (a) Land protection works
(b) Water Harv. Structure
(c) On farm Dev. Works
4540
142
315
4997
387.50
92.00
66.00
545.50
371.50
78.00
62.50
512.00
351.00
64.00
30.50
445.50
1110.00
234.00
159.00
1503
2. Arnas (a) Land protection works
(b) Water Harv. Str.
(c) On form Dev. Works
3185
100
218
3669
282.75
62.50
38.20
383.45
267.25
58.50
38.00
363.75
258.25
42.00
32.80
333.05
808.25
163.00
109.00
1080.25
3. Reasi (a) Land protection works
(b) Water Harv. Structure
(c) On form Dev. Works
6714
374
3529
10617
571.00
200.00
609.00
1380.0
554.00
183.50
606.00
1343.50
545.00
173.50
574.00
1292.5
1670.00
557.00
1789.00
4016.00
4. Pouni (a) Land protection works
(b) Water Harv. Str.
(c) On form Dev. Works
4640
172
1530
6342
394.00
90.00
258.00
742.00
385.00
82.50
246.00
713.50
377.00
81.50
236.00
694.50
1156.00
254.00
740.00
2150.00
G. Total 25459 3050.95 2932.75 2765.55 8749.25
4.11. Projected outcome and Growth Rate during the Next Plan Period
The projected outcome of all the proposed projects has been discussed along
with the Action Plan presented above.
77
4.12. Researchable Issues
1. Standardization and refinement of area specific package of practices in the district
for various food grain crops, horticultural crops as well as other enterprises.
2. Characterization of locally available germplasm, and exploitation of the same in
various improvement programs.
3. Developing improved and refined technological package for organic nutrient
management in Maize, Wheat, Rice besides vegetable and aromatic plants like
ginger, garlic, turmeric etc.
4. Developing and assessment of economic viable integrated farming module
5. Standardization of precision farming package for different field and fruit crops,
bamboo and bio fuel plantations.
6. Standardization of vermi-compost and EM compost technology for important
crops.
A project has been proposed for Krishi Vigyan Kendra Reasi under the ambit
of SKUAST-Jammu worth Rs. 41.573 lacs
78
4.12.1. PROJECT PROPOSAL-I
1 Title of Proposal: Preparation of Block level plans for Reasi, Pouni,
Arnas and Mahore Blocks of Reasi District
2 Name of Principal Investigator Dr. Banarasi Lal
SMS, Agril. Ext. Education
Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Reasi (SKUAST of Jammu)
3 Institution Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences
and Technology of Jammu
4 Locations KVK, Reasi, SKUAST-J, Chatha
5 Mailing Address Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Reasi (SKUAST of Jammu)
Village: Tanda; P.O. Dera Baba Banda Bahadur, The. &
Distt. Reasi
Mobile: 9697625519
6 E-mail [email protected]
7 Co-Principal Investigator 1) Dr. Shahid Ahmad
Programme Coordinator, KVK Reasi
SKUAST-Jammu
8 Planned duration Three years (2014-15 to 2016-17)
9 Fund Requested
A) Recurring costs
B) Institutional charges @ 10%
of the recurring
C) Non-recurring costs
36.43 lakhs
3.643 lakhs
1.50 lakhs
10 Funds requested under mission
mode – I
41.573 lakhs
79
Activity: Preparation of Block level plans for Reasi, Pouni, Arnas and Mahore
Blocks of Reasi District of Jammu & Kashmir
Sub-Activity:
1 To conduct the Participatory Rural Appraisal of each panchayat under Reasi,
Pouni, Arnas and Mahore Blocks of Reasi District.
2 To collect primary data on agriculture and allied activities of each panchayat
under selected blocks of Reasi district through suitable sampling design.
3 To prepare soil maps of each panchayat after testing soil for both macro and
micro nutrients.
4 To analyse the data for conducting SWOT analysis of agriculture and allied
activities of each panchayat under selected blocks of Reasi district.
Introduction and background:
Agriculture holds an important position in economy of Reasi district. The
primary occupation of the people of Reasi is Agriculture and allied activities and
Reasi is economically an under-developed district. Internationally renowned places
like Mata Vaishno Devi, Katra along with some historical places like Shiv Khori
Shrine, Dera Baba Banda Bahadur, Baba Aghar Jitto JI, Ziarat Baji Ismail Sahib etc.
come under Reasi Distt. and remain thronged with lot of tourists round the year. Most
of the agro-based needs in these places are fulfilled through the import from nearby
districts. Therefore, there is a strong potential in Reasi district to fulfil the demands
and gain profits.
The introduction of Centrally Sponsored Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana in this
agro climatically diversified district has provided an opportunity to augment,
complement and pool physical & financial resources meticulously for overall
development of agriculture in P-P-P mode.
The area of Reasi District according to village papers is about 2,75,178
hectares. The net cultivated area of Reasi District is about 25,480 hectares. The area
irrigated from all sources is 1907 hectares that is 7.5% of the net cultivated area.
The climate ranges from high altitude temperate to subtropical type. Thus,
cultivation of different crops is possible. Double cropping is already practiced in a
80
large portion of the cultivated area and even triple cropping is being followed in areas
where vegetables, fodder, potato, summer pulses (Moong), toria and other short
duration crops are grown. The cropping intensity of the district is around 218 per
cent..
For successful implementation of any policy or government scheme, the
primary requirement is the availability of basic data regarding those for which such
policy or scheme has to be implemented. Even at present, there is no identified soil
mapping at the panchayat level for the district. There is no data regarding agriculture
and allied activities at panchayat level. Even under RKVY, the data has to be
collected at panchayat level before implementation of any plan. So there is a need to
gather panchayat level primary data in order to identify the problems and needs of the
farmers. In short if we want to do an effective SWOT analysis at block level, we first
have to collect the primary at panchayat level and then analyse it for identifying
strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of agriculture and allied activities at
block level. Keeping this in mind, the following objectives are proposed under this
project:
To perform Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) at village level in identified
panchayats of each selected block i.e. Reasi, Pouni, Arnas and Mahore.
To prepare soil maps of each panchayat after testing soil for both macro and
micro nutrients.
To analyse the data for conducting SWOT analysis of agriculture and allied
activities of each panchayat under selected blocks of Reasi district.
Targets:
The Block Level Plan is the prerequisite of RKVY scheme and since there is
not a single block in Reasi district for which such plan has been framed till date, it is
very important to collect data at panchayat level and make block level plans for
making effective any government scheme through block centric approach. The
emphasis will be laid on the following aspects:
To have a comprehensive data at panchayat level for each block of Reasi
district (in this case Reasi, Pouni, Arnas and Mahore Blocks) regarding
agriculture and allied activities including cropping pattern and economics of
different enterprises.
81
To identify shortcomings and need of farmers at panchayat level in agriculture
and allied sectors and make recommendations for fulfilling the same.
To have well defined soil maps at panchayat level for effective
implementation of soil fertility management programmes.
Expected outcome:
A precise book on Block Level Plan for each block which will act as a guide
for future government programmes and schemes.
Identification of farm level changes in light of globalization and changing
climatic conditions.
DETAIL OF FACILITIES REQUIRED
Contractual Services (in lakh Rs.):
S. No. Contractual
Services
Rate of
payment
(per month)
Years cost
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total Justification
01. SRF 23000/- +
10% HRA 3.31 3.31 3.31 9.93
For assistance in
conducting
experiments,
organizing
trainings and
preparation of
documents/
reports/manuals.
82
Other Operational Services (in lakh Rs.):
S. No. Description of items 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total Justification
1. Vehicle (POL) 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 For visits
2. Working contingencies 3.00 3.00 3.00 9.00 For inputs conducting
experiments, stationary and
other working materials
(including daily wages etc.)
3. Soil Testing 0.00 2.00 2.00 4.00
4. PRA 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 For making arrangements
of assembly and
refreshment
5. TA 1.00 1.50 1.50 4.00 For traveling selected
blocks of Reasi district
related to project
6. Preparation and
publication of Block
Level Plan etc. (several
copies for 4 blocks)
0 0 2.00 2.00 To document the
cultivation technique.
7. Miscellaneous (farm
inputs etc.)
0.50 0.50 0.50 1.50 Other requirements which
may come up during
project work
Total 6.50 9.00 11.00 26.50
List of equipment required:
S.
No.
Name of equipment Quantity/No. Approx. cost
(in lakh Rs.)
01. Laptop with printer etc. One set 1.00
02. Video camera One 0.50
Total 1.50
83
Budget requirement
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total
A Recurring
1. Contractual
services
2. Operational
services
3.31
6.50
3.31
9.00
3.31
11.00
9.93
26.50
Sub Total of A 9.81 12.31 14.31 36.43
B Non recurring
Equipments 1.50 - - 1.50
C Institutional charges
@ 10 per cent
0.981 1.231 1.131 3.643
Grand Total (A+B+C) 12.291 13.541 15.441 41.573
(Rupees Forty one lakhs fifty seven thousand and three hundred only)
84
Table 23: Financial Summary of Plan Proposals under RKVY for District Reasi
for 12th
F. Y. Plan under Agriculture Sector (STREAM I)
S.
No
Name of the scheme/programme Financial requirement for project period
(Rs in lacs)
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total
1 Water Resource Development 275.60 551.20 551.20 1378.00
2 Demonstration of Improved Crop
Production Technology
8.520 17.040 17.040 42.60
3 Participatory Seed Production 72.60 145.20 145.20 363.00
4 Development of Rainfed Farming 127.920 255.840 255.840 639.60
5 Promotion of Organic Farming 11.60 23.20 23.20 58.00
6 Off Season Vegetable Cultivation 2.680 5.360 5.360 13.40
7 Innovative Schemes
A Mushroom Development 4.80 9.60 9.60 24.00
B Apiculture Development 13.71 27.43 27.43 68.57
C Agro forestry & Medicinal Plants 4.400 8.800 8.800 22.00
8 Soil Conservation Scheme 1749.85 3499.70 3499.70 8749.25
Research Sector, SKUAST-J 8.315 16.629 16.629 41.573
TOTAL 2280.00 4560.00 4560.00 11399.99
85
CHAPTER-V
STREAM-I, SPECIFIC ALLIED SECTOR PROJECTS
5.1: Introduction
Allied sectors viz., horticulture, sericulture, fisheries etc. have been recognized
as an important source of revenue generation besides a major avenue for employment
generation in the state of Jammu & Kashmir. Reasi district offers great potentialities
for production of different fruit crops and medicinal plants because of varied micro
agro-climatic zones.
The District has privilege of producing different kinds of fruits viz walnut,
apple, pear, apricot in temperate zones while cultivation of olive, pecan nuts and
plums and pears offer scope for cultivation in sub-temperate areas whereas mango,
citrus, guava, papaya are successfully grown in sub-tropical areas of the district. As
per preliminary estimates 0.20 lacs of land is available for further expansion under
fruit crops.
The Sericulture industry provides ample opportunities for part time
employment to the rural masses by the active participation of the members of the
family in different activities related to the cocoon production, whereas the cultivation
of mulberry and harvesting of leaf is carried out by the male members of the family,
the women folk looks after the job of silkworm rearing, hence the industry is a means
of empowering the rural women.
Fisheries being one of the major allied activity of the agriculture also play an
important role in increasing food production. Fisheries sector has significant role on
over all economic scenario of the country. In the recent year, the development of
fisheries has been considered to be an important activity because this will not only
provide protein food to rural population but will raise their economic level besides
providing avenues for employment generation for the youth. Fish culture requires less
labor and it is not dependent on the agriculturist great bugbear “the change of
weather”. Anybody with little knowledge and perseverance can take up the fish
culture profitably.
The focus of all proposed interventions under C-DAP will be on the basic
development of agriculture allied sectors in the district for years to come.
86
5.2: HORTICULTURE:
Horticulture has been recognized as an important source of revenue generation
besides a major avenue for employment generation in the state of Jammu & Kashmir
Reasi district offers great potentialities for production of different fruit crops and
medicinal plants because of varied micro agro-climatic zones. The District has
privilege of producing different kinds of fruits viz walnut, apple, pear, apricot in
temperate zones while cultivation of olive, pecan nuts and plums and pears offer
scope for cultivation in sub-temperate areas whereas mango, citrus, guava, papaya are
successfully grown in sub-tropical areas of the district. As per preliminary estimates
0.20 lacs of land is available for further expansion under fruit crops. For increasing
productivity from the existing levels; short, medium and long term strategies are
required to be followed to optimize productivity of fruit crops under C-DAP. The
main approaches to be followed will be area expansion: Diversification-both crops
and varieties to broaden the genetic base of production specific to different agro-
climatic zones in Mahore, Arnas, Reasi and Pouni blocks: improved orchard
management, focus on improved plant protection and water management, re-
plantation and rejuvenation of old orchards and starting of horticulture technology
laboratories, capacity building through training of farmers/orchardists both within and
outside state. Production of quality plant material through modernization of fruit
nurseries would be another thrust area. The focus under the envisaged programmes
will be enhancing productivity through intensification and better input management,
establishment of modern food processing centers for fruit and vegetables at district
level and block level with emphasis on products diversification would also be another
priority.
5.2.1. Project for Top-working of wild desi inferior cultivars of Kainth, Olive,
Ber, Wild Apricot, Mango
Top working holds promise for converting large number of wild desi inferior
cultivars of Kainth, Olive, Ber, Wild Apricot, Peaches, Desi Mango available in the
district with improved cultivars. This technique can help to economically improve the
income of farmers once the top worked trees yield. Under this project, it is proposed
to provide training facilities to local youth in top working techniques. The project also
envisages the labour costs on tree dressing (preparing tree for top-working) cost of
87
scion wood of improved cultivars and skilled labour costs for operation and after care
of top-worked trees. An indicative provision of Rs. 25 per successful top worked tree
is proposed. 1.20 Lac trees with provision of expenditure of Rs. 30 Lacs are proposed
to be targeted from 2009-10 to 2016-17.
Table 24: Project Proposal for Top working of fruit plants (Rs. In lacs)
5.2.2. Project for Gap-filling/Replantation of old orchards
Reasi District is mainly rainfed and irrigation facilities are scanty which
results in high mortality of plant material necessitating gap filling of orchards. A
concerted drive is required for gap-filling of orchards which has poor survival of fruit
plants. Gap-filling in the orchards is proposed to be incentivized as most of the
orchard areas do not maintain the 100 per cent survival percentage which is essential
to obtain high production per unit area. An area of 990 Hectare is proposed for Gap-
filling with outlay of Rs 99.00 lakhs for the year 2009-10 to 2016-17 which has
attained the age of more than 3 years under this revival plan with incentive of
Rs.10,000/Hac.
Table 25: Project proposals for Gap-filling/Replantation of old orchards
S.
No. Block/
Zone
Year wise Area
to be covered
Total Proposed Incentive/ Pit
@ Rs. 10,000/Hac
Total
Financial
(in
lakhs) 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
1 Reasi 60 60 60 180 6.00 6.00 6.00 18.00
2 Pouni 70 70 70 210 7.00 7.00 7.00 21.00
3 Arnas 100 100 100 300 10.00 10.00 10.00 30.00
4 Mahore 100 100 100 300 10.00 10.00 10.00 30.00
Total 330 330 330 990 33.00 33.00 33.00 99.00
Year Arnas
Mahore Reasi Pouni Total
Phy.
(Nos.)
Fin.
(Lacs.)
Phy.
(Nos.)
Fin.
(Lacs.)
Phy.
(Nos.)
Fin.
(Lacs.)
Phy.
(Nos.)
Fin.
(Lacs.)
Phy.
(Nos.)
Fin.
(Lacs.)
2013-14 6000 1.50 12000 3.00 6000 1.50 9000 2.25 33000 8.25
2014-15 7500 1.875 13500 3.375 7500 1.875 12000 3.00 40500 10.125
2015-16 9000 2.25 15000 3.75 9000 2.25 13500 3.375 46500 11.625
Total 22500 5.625 40500 10.125 22500 5.625 34500 8.625 120000 30.00
88
5.2.3. Project Proposal for Improved Water Management
Availability of adequate moisture level in the orchards is critical to obtaining
potential yields. Out of 267881 hectares available in the district, only 1639 hectares is
irrigated. In order to provide the basic input of sufficient irrigation to the old and new
orchard plantation, there is need to build up irrigation infrastructure in the district. All
available water from the regular sources like rainwater streams, rivers is required to
be tapped and properly harnessed. A total fund allocation of 126.00 lakhs is proposed
for 2009-10 to 2016-17 to cover the assistance for building up of infrastructure for
this critical input for Horticulture production. An incentive of Rs. 1.00 lacs is
proposed for coverage of 1ha. plantation for creation of irrigation source viz
construction water tanks, tube well, check dams, lift pumps, construction of Kuhls etc.
Table 26: Project proposals for creation of water resource
Item
Yea
r
Reasi Pouni Arnas Mahore Total
Ph
y.
(Nos.
)
Fin
. (l
acs
)
Ph
y.
(Nos.
)
Fin
. (l
acs
)
Ph
y.
(Nos.
)
Fin
. (l
acs
)
Ph
y.
(Nos.
)
Fin
. (l
acs
)
Ph
y.
(Nos.
) Fin.
(lacs)
Creation
of water
sources for
one
hectare
with
incentive
of Rs. 1
lac per
hac.
plantation
for
constructi
on of
water
storage
tanks/kuhl
/borewell/
check
dams etc.
2014-15
10 10.00 10 10.00 10 10.00 12 12.00 42 42.00
2015-16
10 10.00 10 10.00 10 10.00 12 12.00 42 42.00
2016-17 10 10.00 10 10.00 10 10.00 12 12.00 42 42.00
Total
30 30.00 30 30.00 30 30.00 36 36.00 126 126.00
89
5.2.4. Project Proposal for Protected Cultivation
Under this components an amount of Rs.37.50 lacs is proposed for coverage of
30000 Sq. m area with low cost Polygreen tunnels house. The incentive will help the
farmers to raise off season fruits, vegetables and flowers.
Table 27: Project Proposal for Protected Cultivation
Component
Unit Area to be covered (Sq. m) Amount
(Fin. in lacs))
Total
(Lacs)
2014-
15
2015-
16
2016-
17
Total 2014-
15
2015-
16
2016-
17
Protected
cultivation
(establishment of
low cost
Polygreen houses)
Rs
125/
Sq.
m
10000 10000 10000 30000 12.50 12.50 12.50 37.50
5.2.5. Project Proposal for Production of Quality Planting Material
A) Private Sector:
An amount of Rs. 179 lacs is proposed for establishment of Nurseries in Pvt. as
well as Public Sector. 143.00 lacs is targeted for upgradation, modernization and
improvement and establishment of Public Sector Nurseries in the district to raise the
production of quality plant material where as 36.00 lacs to be provided as incentives
to the farmers for nursery raising in Pvt. Sector. The amount earmarked under Public
Sector Nurseries is to be utilized for modernization, upgradation and improvement of
the existing departmental nurseries in a phased manner.
Table 28: Project Proposal for Production of Quality Planting Material
Component
2009-10 2016-17 2016-17 Total
Phy.
(Ha.)
Fin.
(lacs)
Phy.
(Ha.)
Fin.
(lacs)
Phy.
(Ha.)
Fin.
(lacs)
Phy.
(Ha.
)
Fin.
(lacs)
Establishment of
Nursery in Pvt. Sector @
of Rs. 15000/Kanal
4.00 12.00 4.00 12.00 4.00 12.00 12 36.00
Establishment of
Nursery in Public Sector
@ of Rs.3.00 Lacs/Hect.
Upgradation/Modernizati
on of existing
Departmental Nurseries.
4.00
--
12.00
30.00
4.00
--
12.00
40.00
4.00
--
12.00
37.00
12
--
36.00
107.00
Total 179.00
90
B) Public Sector (Departmental Nurseries):
Project has been formulated for comprehensive upgradation of existing
departmental nurseries with modern facilities in a phased manner. Most of the
nurseries transferred from erstwhile undivided Udhampur District are in dilapidated
condition and has suffered from inadequate funding, poor input management, lack of
irrigation facilities and poor infrastructure in terms of fencing and buildings. An
amount of Rs. 107 Lacs is proposed for improvement of such units in the district for
production of quality plant material. This is in addition to Rs. 36.00 Lacs for targeted
establishment of nurseries 12 hectares @ 3.00 Lacs per hectare.
Table 29: Improvement/Upgradation and modernization of departmental
nurseries/orchards in Reasi District under RKVY
Name of Nursery Zone Gross Area of
Nursery
(hectares)
Financial
Implications
(in lacs)
Pouni Nursery Pouni 4.16 10.00
Dogjibagh Reasi 3.17 8.00
Chamb Reasi 1.33 5.00
Latori Reasi 4.65 12.00
Hunder Arnas 1.54 8.00
Thakrakote Arnas 1.94 4.00
Achrella Mahore 1.60 9.00
Tuli Mahore 2.34 10.00
Sulla Bagh Reasi 2.80 12.00
Tote Reasi 0.31 4.00
Rajbagh Reasi 2.47 10.00
Kaljug Bagh Reasi 1.49 5.00
Shera Kotla Reasi 1.40 10.00
107.00
91
5.2.6. Project proposal Farm Mechanization
Through this intervention, the project proposals envisages incentives to
orchardists fruit growers to increase productivity of fruit crops and also improve
human efficiency. Incentives to the tune of Rs. 55.60 Lacs have been proposed on
Manual Operated Spray Pumps, Diesel Engine Irrigation Pumps, Orchard Ladders,
Tree Pruners and Power Tillers etc
Objective: To improve the orchard management through intervention of farm
machinery/diesel engines/Irrigation Sets/Plant Protection Machinery.
Table 30: Project proposal Farm Mechanization
S.
No
Component Year Physical Financial
(in Lacs)
1. Manually
Operated
Equipment
@ Rs. 2000/-
2014-15
600 12.00
2015-16
600 12.00
2016-17 610 12.10
2. Irrigation Pumps
@ 10000/-
2014-15
30 3.00
2015-16
30 3.00
2016-17 30 3.00
3. Power
Tillers/Tractors
@ Rs. 0.50 Lacs
2014-15
5 2.50
2015-16
5 2.50
2016-17 5 2.50
4. Power Operated
Equipment
@ 10000/-
2014-15
10 1.00
2015-16
10 1.00
2016-17 10 1.00
55.60
92
5.2.7. Project for promotion of Organic Farming and Vermi compost units
Reasi District has traditional strength in the use of FYM and organic waste for
farming activities in villages. Recycling of Farm waste for nutrition by the plants is
not done in a proper way. An amount of Rs. 35.10 Lacs is proposed fo the year 2009-
10 to 2016-17 with incentive of Rs. 10,000/- for organic farming and Rs. 30,000/- for
setting up of Vermi-compost Unit.
Objective: To increase the productivity of fruit crops, improving soil health through
recycling farm waster and cow dung.
Table 31: Project proposal Farm Mechanization Organic Farming and Vermi
compost units
Block Activity Year Incentive on
promotion of
organic farming @
Rs.10,000/-
Establishing of
vermi compost per
unit @ Rs30,000
Physical Financial
(in Lacs)
Physical Financial
(in Lacs)
Reasi Manually Operated
Equipment
@ Rs. 2000/-
2014-15 10 1 5 1.5
2015-16 12 1.2 5 1.5
2016-17 15 1.5 5 1.5
Pouni Irrigation Pumps @
10000/-
2014-15 10 1 5 1.5
2015-16 12 1.2 5 1.5
2016-17 15 1.5 5 1.5
Arnas Power
Tillers/Tractors
@ Rs. 0.50 Lacs
2014-15 10 1 5 1.5
2015-16 12 1.2 5 1.5
2016-17 15 1.5 5 1.5
.Mahore Power Operated
Equipment
@ 10000/-
2014-15 15 1.5 5 1.5
2015-16 20 2 5 1.5
2016-17 25 2.5 5 1.5
Total 17.10 18.00
Grand Total 35.10
5.2.8. Project proposal for Area Expansion Programme
The project aims to bring more area under orchards with improved cultivars in
Sub-tropical and Sub-temperate and Temperate zones in the District. The fruit crops
of Mango, Citrus, Walnut, Guava, Apple, Pecan nut, Olive & Pomegranate are
proposed to be encouraged in three years with indicative unit cost of Rs. 60,000 per
93
hectare with 50 percent expenditure (Rs. 30,000/-) for the first year and Rs. 12,000/-
and Rs. 18000/- for second and third year subsequently. 1530 Hectare area is targeted
under this component. The incentives on cost of plant material, digging and refilling
of pits, plant protection measures, fencing etc are proposed.
Table 32: Project proposal for Area Expansion Programme
Fruit Crop Area Cost (in Lacs)
Apple 300 180
Walnut/Pecannut 300 180
Citrus 300 180
Mango 150 90
Stone Fruits 150 90
Aonla 75 45
Guava 75 45
Litchi 75 45
Olive 105 63
Total 1530 918
Table 33: Year wise Project proposal for Area Expansion Programme
Zone 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total
Phy
(in Ha)
Fin
(in Lacs)
Phy
(in Hac)
Fin
(in Lacs)
Phy
(in Hac)
Fin
(in Lacs)
Phy
(in Hac)
Fin
(in Lacs)
Reasi 120 72 120 72 120 72 360 216
Pouni 120 72 120 72 120 72 360 216
Arnas 120 72 120 72 120 72 360 216
Mahore 150 90 150 90 150 90 450 270
Total 510 306 510 306 510 306 1530 918
5.2.9. Project proposal for Promotion of Kitchen Gardening Scheme (Phaldasta
Scheme) for establishment of nutritional fruit gardens
In order to promote backyard farming and utilization of available space, it is
proposed to start kitchen gardening scheme in the District. The department will
provide kit of fruit plants comprising of 10 fruits of improved cultivars to the
beneficiaries along with provision of one pruning secateurs. This will also help to
raise the nutritional status of the farming community by fruit consumption.
94
Table 34: Promotion of Kitchen Gardening Scheme
5.2.10. Project proposal for Fruit & Vegetable Processing Facility Unit and
Information Center
Objective: To make available the facilities of fruit and vegetable processing at the
District/Block level and also to provide Training facilities in the far-flung areas. It is
proposed to set up Fruit & vegetable Facility Unit at Tehsil level with training halls
and laboratory equipments. These centers besides providing facilities of community
fruit and vegetable processing will also provide facilities for training of local youth.
Further, these units shall be utilized as information centers and these centers shall be
fully equipped with computer and internet facility with latest gadgets to provide
market information.
Table 35: Fruit and vegetable processing facility unit and infrastructure
Zone 2009-10 2016-17 2016-17 Total
Phy Fin
(in Lacs)
Phy Fin
(in
Lacs)
Phy Fin
(in
Lacs)
(in Lacs)
Reasi 1 75 -- -- -- -- 75
Pouni -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Arnas -- -- 1 75 -- -- 75
Mahore -- -- -- -- 1 75 75
Total 75 75 75 225
Block Year Physical
(No. of Kits)
Financial
(Amt. in Lacs)
Reasi 2009-10 1000 0.60
2016-17 1000 0.60
2016-17 1000 0.60
Pouni 2009-10 600 0.36
2016-17 600 0.36
2016-17 600 0.36
Arnas 2009-10 500 0.30
2016-17 500 0.30
2016-17 500 0.30
Mahore 2009-10 500 0.30
2016-17 500 0.30
2016-17 500 0.30
Total 4.68
95
Table 36: Summary of the Project Proposals for Development of Horticulture
S.
No
Name of the Project Amount Involved
2009-10 to 2016-17
(in Lacs)
1 Project for Top-working of wild desi inferior
cultivars of Kainth, Olive, Ber, Wild Apricot, Mango.
30.00
2 Project for Gap-filling/Replantation of old orchards 99.00
3 Project Proposal for Improved Water Management 126.00
4 Project Proposal for Protected Cultivation 37.50
5 Project Proposal for Production of Quality Planting
Material
179.00
6 Project Proposal for Farm Mechanization 55.60
7 Project for promotion of Organic Farming and Vermi
compost units
35.10
8 Project proposal for Area Expansion Programme.
Expansion of area under improved varieties of fruit
crops
918.00
9 Project proposal for Promotion of Kitchen Gardening
Scheme (Phaldasta Scheme) for establishment of
nutritional fruit gardens.
4.68
10 Project proposal for Construction of Community
Fruit and Vegetable Processing Centre-cum-Training
Centres.
225.00
Total 1709.88
96
5.3. FLORICULTURE:
Flowers are an integral part of human civilization and culture, floriculturist have
played an important role in the development of our philosophies and religious. In our
increasingly degraded environment, floriculture has much to learn about the
interaction between plants and humans in order to play their role in the carrying
plants. They have also to learn how these plants can contribute to the well being of
the disabled, elderly, urban dwellers, children and others isolated from plants. This is
integral for the future growth of floriculture.
Floriculture is a fast emerging and highly competitive industry with the
continuous introduction of new cultivars and even new crops, cultural techniques are
changing and hence new products are developing. Ornamental crops cultural
technology is improving with the availability of equipment and there is sea change in
the trend of the consumers. A new generation of growers is coming forward to
employee modern technology for maximizing production and offer quality produce
for consumer‟s acceptability, thus fetching a better price. It has emerged as a
lucrative profession with a much higher potential for returns compared to other agri-
horticulture crops. The science and art of commercial floriculture has been
recognized as an economic activity with the potential for generating employment and
earning valuable foreign exchange. For any country to diversify its agriculture base
geared towards export, the ornament crop industry presents one of the most
interesting and viable options. The aesthetic value of flowers and ornamental plants,
their use in social events, over all satisfaction in working with them and high income
generating power for attracting modern entrepreneurs to invest money in the
floriculture industry. The demand for flowers and ornaments plants for different
needs like religious official ceremonies, parties, house decorations, weddings,
funerals etc. is on the rise.
Project Proposal for Floriculture Development
Giving the details of important and introductory notes on the industry of
floriculture, a need has arisen to overcome the demand of ornamental flowers a large
chunk of land strip at the foothills of Dhar-Vaishno Devi/ Shiv Khori/ Baba Aghar
Jitto in Distt. Reasi is being selected for floriculture industry comprising of 2114 ha.
Of land has cultural able waste in 18 villages of six panchayats. A comprehensive
97
project report is being prepared for advance commercial floriculture of this chunk of
land to cater the demand of ornamental flowers of Reasi District especially for
religious and marriage purpose.
Table 37: The cultural waste areas of villages selected
S. No. Name of the
village
Area (ha) S. No. Name of the
village
Area (In Ha.)
1 Kundrorian 117 10 Dhanori 18
2 Aril Hansoli 94 11 Phenga 82
3 Hut 21 12 Aghar Jitto 30
4 Akhali 26 13 Ransoo 875
5 Button 35 14 Damli
6 Saroon 126 15 Kotla
7 Parthal 19 16 Pora Jagir
8 Kotli Bajathian 70 17 Kalah 291
9 Latori 8 18 Dehote 302
Grand Total: 2114 ha.
98
Table 38: Estimated Cost of Floriculture Items @4 Kanal/ Farmer for 50 Farmers
S.No. Item No. Estimated
Unit Cost
(in Rs.)
Unit 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total amount
(in lacs)
Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy. Fin.
1. Rose 68700 Kanal 15 10.305 15 10.305 20 13.740 50 34.35
2. Chrysanthemum 31000 Kanal 15 4.650 15 4.650 20 6.200 50 15.50
3. Marigold 5400 Kanal 15 0.810 15 0.81 20 1.080 50 2.70
4. Gladiolus 43000 Kanal 15 6.450 15 6.450 20 8.600 50 21.50
5. Water Harvesting
Tank (RCC)
50000 No. 15 7.500 15 7.50 20 10.000 50 25.00
6. Sprinkler Units 40000 No. 15 6.000 15 6.000 20 8.00 50 20.00
7. Poly Green House 25000 No. 15 3.750 15 3.750 20 5.00 50 12.50
8. Pump Sets 20000 No. 15 3.000 15 3.000 20 4.00 50 10.00
9. Pump Sets (Manual) 10000 No. 15 1.5 15 1.5 20 2.00 50 05.00
10. Added unforeseen
works 5%
2.25 2.25 2.80 50 7.30
Total 15 46.215 15 46.215 20 61.420 50 153.85
99
5.4: SERICULTURE:
At present more than 650 families are practicing Sericulture in Reasi in 120
villages who mostly are marginal or landless. They produce about 20 MT of cocoons
annually. The annual income generated by these families by way of selling their
cocoon is about Rs.11 lacs.
There are 12 mulberry nurseries in the district spread over an area of 317
Kanals. About 1 lac standard plants are raised from the nurseries annually and planted
in the field through farmers in their land holdings and on Govt. land.
In addition there are 11 No‟s of mulberry farms covering an area of 340
Kanal. 37530 no. of mulberry plants are existing in these farms. The mulberry leaf
available is utilized by the cocoon growers who mostly are landless and have no
plantation of their own. These leaf reserves help them to improve their economic
condition by adopting Silkworm Rearing for production of Cocoon.
21 Incubation centers and 05 no. of CRC‟s are set up annually where about
850 Ozs of Seed is incubated and hatched silkworms are distributed among the
cocoon growers, out of which about 15% hatched Silkworms are reared upto Chawki;
Production & Productivity
Cocoon Production in the district is about 20 MT annually and productivity of
cocoon is around 23 Kgs / per unit as against a potential of more than 50 Kgs per
ounce of seed. This gap can be minimized by providing improved mulberry variety
saplings to the farmers for conduct of massive plantation, better silkworm seed and
better cocoon rearing facilities for improving quality of cocoons. Strengthening
traditional area and tapping of new areas, adaptations of cluster approach etc.
Table 39: Glimpses of Progress made in Sericulture
Year Silkworm
rearing
family
(No‟s)
Seed
reared
(Ozs.)
Cocoon
Harvested
(MT)
Pro
duct
ivi
ty
Income
Generated
(Lac/Rs.)
Average
price per
Kg.
Plants
distributed
(Lac/No‟s)
2004-05 665 975 18 19 14.50 240 1.30
2005-06 698 1055 23 22 18.00 234 1.25
2006-07 715 1055 25.5 24 21.68 255 1.58
2007-08 690 825 21 25 14.13 202 1.71
2008-09 615 835 19 23 10.86 190 1.00
100
Thrust area:-
For sustained development of the industry during C-DAP following thrust
areas have been identified.
Conduct of mulberry plantation in cluster
Popularization of community chawki rearing concepts
Strengthening of existing mulberry nurseries.
Popularization of various organic Manuring.
Providing of rearing appliances to the silkworm rearers.
Construction of rearing houses for silkworm rearers.
Supply of disease control chemical
Human resource development
Construction of cocoon auction market
Table 40: Present status and targets envisage by the end of XII-Plan under
rainfed conduction.
S.
No.
Area of activity Unit Present Status Target by the
end of XII-
Plan
1 Effective mulberry Acreage Hac 180 215
2 Annual field plantation L/No‟s 1.10 1.50
3 Mulberry tree plantation L/No‟s 3.20 4.00
4 Mulberry leaf available
(estimated)
MT 1000 1300
5 Incubation centers & CRCs No‟s 26 30
6 Silkworm Seed distributed Ozs. 835 1000
7 Rearing families No‟s 615 1000
8 Cocoon crop yield Kgs 23 35
9 Cocoon production MT 19 35
10 Income generation L/Rs. 10.86 25
Sericulture has good acceptability in rural areas as the most of the families
associated with Sericulture belongs to economically weaker sections of the societies
who mostly belongs to SC/ST and the marginal or landless farmers.
Projects for Sericulture Development
101
5.4.1. Popularization of Vermi organic mannure:-
Vermi compost pits are proposed to be constructed at Pamote, Gran, Maslote,
Panasa, Baddar, Hornoti, Pouni and Banna. An amount of Rs.2.80 lacs is proposed for
the scheme.
5.4.2. Strengthened of mulberry nurseries / farm by providing irrigation
An amount of Rs. 21.00 Lacs will be required for raising standard mulberry
plants in existing nurseries. Since Reasi is a hilly district and in the area where
Sericulture nurseries are existing there are very less chances of getting water as a
source of irrigation after digging bore well except mulberry nursery Pamote and
mulberry farm Nomain (Katra). In order to meet the demand of mulberry plants in
view of the proposed targets of mulberry plantation to produce targeted cocoon
production. It is proposed to convert Nomain Mulberry Farm in mulberry nursery to
cater the need of mulberry plants in case if water source becomes available through
dug sell. The total area of the mulberry farm is about 100 kanals out of which about
20 kanals of land will be covered under nursery and remaining 80 kanals will remain
under mulberry block for which a revised proposal will be submitted next year.
5.4.3. Conduct of mulberry plantation in cluster
To achieve the projected targets of cocoon production massive plantation of
IMV will be conducted in field about 1.00-1.20 lac no‟s of standardized plants
annually. About 35 Hec. of land will be brought under mulberry during the project
period.
(a) Cluster plantation through farmers
During the plan period 1200 clusters will be established in private sector through
farmers in their land holdings. Each cluster will be of 300 mulberry plants. An
amount of Rs. 41.39 lacs will be required for the said scheme for planting 3.55 lac
no‟s of mulberry plants in the district.
(b) Cluster plantation through department
During the plan period 45000 mulberry plants will be planted in Govt./State
land for which an amount of Rs.3.15 lacs will be required.
5.4.4. Popularization of community Chawki rearing centers
Young age silkworm rearing is the most delicate stage when adequate
attention is needed for better growth and healthy development of silkworms. Proper
maintenance of hygrothermic conditions for successful raising of cocoon crop.
102
In order to provide congenial conditions for growth of silkworm common
facility in the shape of community rearing halls are proposed to be raised where
farmers can rearer silkworms co-operatively up to Chawki stage. This will ensure
better production and productivity. It is proposed to raised 4 CRC‟s one each in
Pouni and Arnas and 2 in Katra with the rearing capacity of 50 Ozs. Of Silkworm
seed upto Chawki. @ Rs.6 lacs each. These CRC‟s will also be provided rearing
equipment in the shape of plastic moulded reeling trays. Plastic moulded crates, Iron
rearing stands, Sagries, Hygrometer etc. costing to Rs.1.70 lacs. An amount of
Rs.31.00 lacs will be required during the plan period.
5.4.5. Supply of silkworm disease control chemical / bed disinfectant
Silkworm being delicate is attached by the various pathogens like virous
bacteria, protozone and fungus when the rearing is conducted under un-hygenic
conditions. This leads to partial or whole loss of silkworms. For disease management
during silkworm rearing it is proposed to provide bed disinfectants like Vijetha and
surface disinfectant like Chlorine dioxide. The financial involvement will be to the
tune of Rs. 3.51 lacs.
Similarly for mass disinfections of rearers houses and their equipment man
power will be required for which an expenditure for Rs. 0.30 lacs has been estimated.
5.4.6. Providing of rearing appliances to the silkworm rearers
The age old method of silkworm rearing is still being practiced which not only
results in low crop production and lesser productivity but also effects the quality of
the cocoon. Adaptation of improved rearing technologies are required to be adopted
for which recommended appliances will be provided to farmers for rearing of
silkworms @ Rs. 20,000/- per beneficiaries. The objective of the scheme is to rearer
silkworms under hygienic condition to minimize mortality of silkworms. Increase in
space will help minimization of missing of silkworms at young stage. It will help in
increasing production, productivity and quality of cocoon.
Under the scheme it is proposed to cover 100 silkworm rearers during the
project period. The amount required is to the tune of Rs. 18.00 lacs as 10% is the
beneficiary share in the form of appliances.
5.4.7. Construction of Rearing houses
Silkworm rearing is generally conducted in dwelling houses which causes lot
of in-conveniences to the rearers and his family on one hand and on the other hand
103
package of practices for rearing can not be adopted. As a result the rearing is
conducted under un-hygienic condition in a limited space in dense population. This
result in out break of diseases and loss of crop is partially or wholly.
To overcome this difficulty, it is proposed to provide 192 rearing houses in the
district costing one lac each as per the scheme of Central Silk board (GOI). An
amount of Rs. 171.00 lacs will be required as 10% is the beneficiary share. The
objective of the scheme is to provide separate space for raising of silkworms under
hygienic conditions with a view to increase productivity and quality of cocoons and
the increase the space will ensure increase in cocoon production.
5.4.8. Construction of cocoon auction market
Department of Sericulture is organizing cocoon auction market in the state at
about 24 places to facilitate the sale of cocoon in competitive basis through auction
after publicizing the marketing calendar within and out-side the state widely. After the
creation of Reasi as new district the marketing of cocoon is being conducted in rented
accommodation. It is proposed to construct one cocoon auction market at Reasi. An
amount of Rs.20.00 lac is proposed for the scheme.
104
Table 41: Proposed Physical and Financial Targets for Sericulture for 12th
F.Y. Plan (Rs. In lakh)
Name of Activity Unit Cost (Rs) 2009-10 2016-17 2016-17
Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin.
1. Construction of vermi compost trenches of 16'x8'
capacity with thatched roofing in mulberry nurseries
including cost of material like organic manure etc.
@ Rs 35000/- 3 1.05 3 1.05 2 0.7
2. Installation of bore well with submersible pump in
nurseries with 100 yard depth.
3.5/- lakh 1 3.50 1 3.50 1 3.50
3.Use of mulberry cutting preparation machine in
Mulberry nurseries
Rs 20000/- 3 0.60 - - - -
5. Maintenance of mulberry plants in the nurseries
including cost of inputs
@ Rs. 3/- per
plant
1.20 3.60 1.20 3.60 1.50 4.50
6. Mulberry cluster plantation on Govt./State Plan @ Rs. 7/- per
plant
0.15 1.05 0.15 1.05 0.15 1.05
7. Mulberry cluster plantation through farmers @ Rs. 11.66/-
paisa through
zamindars
1.05 12.24 1.15 13.41 1.35 15.74
8. Construction of Community Chawki Rearing Centres
having capacity of incubating 50 Ozs. of silkworm Seed.
a) For construction of building Rs. 6.00/- lakhs 2 12.00 1 6.00 1 6.00
b) For purchse of equipment viz. leaf chopping
machine, Seri humidifier, trays, Iron stand etc.
Rs. 1.60/- lakhs 2 3.20 1 1.60 1 1.60
105
9. Mass disinfections programme for disease management in silkworm rearers houses
a. Supply of Disinfectants like Chlorine Dioxide etc for
650-800 rearing families
Rs. 150/- per
farmer
650 1.00 700 1.05 800 1.20
b. Supply of bed disinfectants for 850-900 Ozs. of seed Rs. 150/- per
ozs. of seed
850 1.30 875 1.30 900 1.35
c. Manpower required for disinfections of rearing houses
for disease control.
01 manday for
10 houses
650 0.050 700 0.050 800 0.060
10. Engagement of master rearer for effective supervision
of rearing in farmers houses @ 30 houses per master rearer
for 40 days rearing.
01 manday for
30 houses
650 0.80 700 0.820 800 0.84
11. Providing of Rearing euipments i.e. Rearing trays, Iron
stands, Plastic Moulded Crates etc. to the farmers for
upgradation of their rearing skill.
Rs. 20000/- 8 16 60 12 60 12
12. Providing of rearing accommodations to silkworm
rearers by construction of rearing house/shed
Rs. 1.00/- Lakh 3.20 70 70 70 60 60
13. Construction of Cocoon Auction Market. Rs. 20.00/- lakh 1.00 20 - - - -
Total (Financil involvement) 151.89 121.23 114.04
106
5.5. FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT
Introduction
This newly created district has a vast potential for development of fisheries as
the district is blessed with large number of water bodies like rivers, streams, nallahs
and a reservoir. But due to mountainous and undulating topography, not much
utilization of water is possible. The district is prone to drought as not much irrigation
facility is available as only small area has been brought under irrigation. There are
about 20 community and 14 private ponds in the district which are presently under
fish culture with a total water area of about 6 hectares. These community ponds are
also used to cater the need of water for cattle and even people in surrounding areas.
These ponds used to act as recharge of ground water table as also for fish culture to
boost the economic condition of the rural population besides providing fish as cheap
protein source to the poor people especially undernourished children and women folk
as also a source of income generation for the local population.
Aquaculture alone with uni-dimensional approach and thrust on crop
production only may find itself short of generating adequate income and employment
to the rural population. It is therefore essential to have holistic approach to the rural
development, where agro industries could open fresh grounds and find a new thrust.
Fresh water aquaculture has become very popular in the country and the latest
technologies being extensively adopted on a large scale in almost all parts the country.
Fisheries sector is only an instrument of livelihood for a large section of economically
backward population of the area. Fish has an untaken relevance to the nutrition of ill
nourished millions. Fish culture is an important source of improving livelihood and
nutrition of people and is being increasingly adopted to maximize profit. The
economic returns from the fish farming are much higher than those of crop
cultivation.
Fisheries being one of the major allied activity of the agriculture and play an
important role in increasing food production. Fisheries sector has significant role on
over all economic scenario of the country. In the recent year, the development of
fisheries has been considered to be an important activity because this will not only
provide protein food to rural population but will raise their economic level besides
providing avenues for employment generation for the youth. Fish culture requires less
labor and it is not dependent on the agriculturist great bugbear “the change of
107
weather”. Anybody with little knowledge and perseverance can take up the fish
culture profitably.
The natural water resources have been the source of fish production from time
immemorial, but there is great depletion due to various anthropogenic activities
causing threat to many species. In order to meet this challenge focal attention has
been directed at finding ways as how the fisheries resources could be protected
preserved conserved and brought under aquaculture through efforts of various
developmental activities and to bring Blue Revolution.
Culture fishery as compared to capture fishery promises for regular fish supply and
better production per hectare of water area. Despite of great potential of fisheries in
Jammu and Kashmir, the level of production and productivity has not been adequate
and there is large gap between potential and actual yield. The gap between the
production and the demand can only be fulfilled by undertaking fish culture.
Therefore, there is a dire need for establishment of various fisheries units to
exploit the fisheries resources judiciously. Since most of the aquatic resources are
located in rural areas and mobilization of these resources may prove a boom in
improving the socio-economic condition of the rural masses.
The fisheries resources of the district Reasi may be classified as under:-
Rivers 500 km
Ponds 6 hectare
Reservoir 10 hectare
The major rivers in the district are:- Chenab, Ans, Rud, Anji, Pai, Ban Ganga, Pouni
tawi, and other small rivulets.
Project Proposal for Increase in Fish Production
There are a number of small snow fed nallahs and streams in Mahore area with
cold waters, which can be used for trout culture and running water fish culture of
Chinese carps in the area where suitable land is available. The topography of the area
is not such that large ponds can be constructed but small ponds can be possible in this
area. In other blocks of the district plain, land is available for the construction of fish
ponds depending on the availability of water source.
Objectives of the proposed schemes:
1. Increase Fish production from Natural and Man made water resources.
2. Popularize Fish Farming in private sector.
108
3. Create unemployment avenues in fisheries sector.
4. Improve health status of ill nourished population by providing cheap
proteinacious fish food.
5. Reduce the gap between production and demand.
6. To train the Fish Farmers with innovative techniques of fresh water
aquaculture.
7. To promote entrepreneurship in rural population and make them economically
self sufficient.
8. To up-lift the socio- economic status of the rural populace.
IMPLEMENTATIONAL PLAN:
AQUACULTURE
The fisheries sector in the district is mainly capture in nature and is based on
riverine resource only. There are about 255 numbers of villages in the district as per
the 2001 census. There are 269 numbers of registered fishermen in the district who
are involved in fishing trade. The total fish catch in the district is 116509kgs from the
riverine source. The total value of the fish catch is Rs 58, 25,450.
S.
NO
ITEM Total fish catch /
production
Value of fish
catch
1. No. of active fishermen 269 116509kgs Rs 58,25,450
2. No. of pvt. Ponds 12 400 kgs Rs 20,000
It is obvious from the table that the main fish production in the district is from
the natural resources and there is very little production from the culture system which
is not well developed. There is need for the creation of the infrastructure in the form
of ponds for increasing the fish production from the culture system as the natural
resources are depleted due to over exploitation and various anthropogenic activities.
CULTURE FISHERIES
Construction of ponds
There are total 12 ponds in the district under private sector with a total area
of more than 1 hectare. Out of these 12 ponds, 05 ponds are in block Reasi, 02 in
block Pouni , 03 in block Mahore, and 02 in block Arnas. There is not much fish
production in the district from private sector due to less water area under culture.
109
There is a need to bring more area under fish culture by creating more ponds under
private sector to boost the fish production besides creating employment opportunities
to the rural youth. There is a potential for construction of ponds in different areas of
the district where the suitable land and water facility is available.
Table 42: Project Proposal for Fisheries Development
S.
No
Scheme/Component
Year-wise Physical/Financial Targets
2014-15
Targets
2015-16
Projections
2016-17
Projections
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
A NMPS
1 Propogation of Trout Culture in Pvt.
Sector
1 2.40 1 2.40 1 2.40
2 Propogation of Carp Culture in Pvt.
Sector
4 6.00 6 9.00 6 9.00
3 Training & Extension - - 1 0.40 1 0.40
4 Revolving Fund for Feed Mill Manasbal - - - - - -
5 Incentives on input cost of Feed/Seed to
the Trout fish farmers
4 0.541 4 0.40 4 0.40
6 Project Implementation Cost - - - 0.25 - 0.25
7 Administrative Charges - - - 0.25 - 0.25
Total
8.941
12.7
12.7
B RKVY
1 Incentive on
i Cost of Feed/Seed to the private fish
farmers
5 0.25 6 0.30 6 0.30
ii Tool kits for fish vendors dealing in
retail market
4 0.20 4 0.20 4 0.20
Total
0.45 0.5 0.5
Grand Total
9.391 13.2 13.2
Total Outlay: Rs. 35.791 Lacs
110
5.6. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY:
Introduction
According to the 18th
live stock census of 2007, the total live stock population
of the district is 330000. Traditionally the live stock rearing community like gujjar,
bakarwal and gaddi drive their livelihood for live stock. 15 artificial insemination
centres are functioning in the district but with this arrangement we are able to cover
only 15 % of the cattle population. Thereby much remains to be done in this scheme.
The entire live stock population could not be brought under cross breeding with
frozen semen technology due to various contributing factors including lack of roads
connectivity difficult terrain and backward ness of the district.
Keeping in view the need for further development in these areas
department proposed to undertake activities under C-DAP for the economical
upliftment of live stock owners through cattle development, health coverage and
strengthening of infrastructure and poultry development
Project Proposal for Development of Animal Husbandry
5.6.1. CATTLE DEVELOPMENT
Genetic up gradation of indigenous cows (Non-Discriopt) local or being
upgraded by cross breeding programme with jersey and H-F bulls in the rural areas
for ensuring overall development and economic status of the area to increase the level
of production of milk and the same time increase the drought power. Per capita
availability of milk in the district is 150 Gms is only against the recommended
requirement of 265 Gms at National level. So in order to fill the gap of production
and demand the plan proposal under the scheme is submitted physically and
financially in the Annexure enclosed under the following heads:-
a) Purchase and supply of artificial insemination equipments (CRYOCANS)
55ltr, 35 Ltr and 3.9 ltr.
b) Establishment of two animals daily units (improved breed) from outside of
the district on 50% assistance with maximum 1000 per unit with
transportation charges @ Rs.500 per unit.
c) Purchase and supply of cattle feed on 25% assistance with milk rate in the
village itself.
111
d) Training of unemployed local youth from the covered village by the
department with Rs. 1000 per month as training allowances for three months
(10 youths form each block).
e) Awareness-cum-treatment camps at village level in order to update with the
latest departmental activities to the farmers bay awareness camps/ Kissan
conferences/ calf rallies etc. shall be organized at regular interval to create
awareness in live stock and poultry sectors. 10 such camps are proposed per
year in each block at the cast of Rs.2000 per annum.
f) Purchase of bulls cow bulls five in each block @ Rs 50000 per bull & also
to provide feed and fodder to that community bulls @ Rs. 60000/bull/year .
5.6.2. HEALTH COVERAGE: (Animal Health and Control of Diseases)
For obtaining the maximum productivity potential of the cross breed progeny
it is essential to provide better treatment and health facilities. The budget allocation
for purchase of medicines and vaccine are inadequate i.e. Rs.4 - 6 per live stock per
annum. As per the routine three times in a year dosing against endo/ ecto parasite is
required maintaining the health status of the animals feeds supplements/ mineral
mixture calcium and essential vitamins shall be added in the daily ration for the
animal specially the high mi8lk yielder in order to obtain the maximum milk
production. There is a huge gap between the supply and demand as per the present
status. The entire live stock needs proper vaccination against these diseases well in
time but the supply of vaccine is not sufficient to provide vaccination to whole
population in the district. So in order to obtain better productivity and provide
vaccination cove the proposal has been made for purchase of drugs medicine / vaccine
in the plan proposals.
5.6.3. STRENGTHENING OF INFRASTRUCTURE
Majority of the field centre of the department in the district are functioning in the
rented buildings most of which are kaccha, one room accommodation provision of all
the service of the department from such accommodation are not possible. The costly
medicine/vaccine cannot be stored in the proper way in such type of accommodation.
It is as such proposed to construct accommodation for field veterinary institution five
buildings in each year at the cost of Rs.7.00 Lacs per building in phased manner
besides provision of repair and renovation of existing infrastructure has also been
made in the project.
112
5.6.4. Poultry Development
In order to popularize the poultry sector in under developed area of the district
and to provide nutritious diet to the human p[population. The poultry are reared in
hilly and backward area of the district in each house hold but of not improved breed.
Thereby maximum meat and egg production is not obtained. The department is
providing the birds of improved breed for establishment of backyard poultry unit in
the district. The funds abatable with the departments are also meager that the demand
of the public can not be fulfilled. It is proposed to provide 50% assistance for
establishment of backyard poultry units 500 units per year in each block.
5.4.4. National Mission for Protein Supplement (NMPS)
S.
No
Components
(No. of animals) Physical Targets & Financial Targets in Lacs
1st Year
(2014-15)
2nd
Years
(2015-16)
3rd
Year
(2016-17)
Total
Phy.
(No.)
Fin. Phy.
(No.)
Fin. Phy.
(No.)
Fin. Phy. Fin.
1. Establishment of
Dairy Units 0.00 0.00 100 12.50 100 12.50 200 25.00
2. Provision of
Chelated mineral
mixture, vitamin A,
E & D3 and
Anthelmintic dosing
to pre-parturient
cross bred cows in
advanced pregnancy
0.00 0.00 1000 8.40 1000 8.40 2000 16.80
3.A Genetic upgradation
of indigenous cattle
in uncovered areas
through A.I. by
providing incentives
for A.I. and
nutitional
requirement during
pregnancy
0.00 0.00 1000 14.80 1000 14.80 2000 29.60
3.B. Provision of feed to
the pregnant
indigenous bovines
for meeting the
requirement of
backlog of 2014-15
(previous years)
0.00 0.00 - 10.00 - 10.00 - 20.00
4. Provision of dairy
equipments and
mastitis kit for cross
bred bovines
0.00 0.00 100 10.00 100 10.00 200 20.00
Total 0.00 0.00 2200 55.70 2200 55.70 4400 111.40
113
Table 43: Budget allocation for development of Animal Husbandry Department
S.
No.
Name of the component 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Phy. Fin Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin
1. Genetic Up-Gradation
a) a) Establishment of Dairy
Units
200 20.0 150 15.00 150 15.00
b) b) Transportation of Dairy
Animals from outside the
District
10 7.50 7.50
c) c) Supply of Cattle Feed 4000 10 3000 7.50 3000 7.50
2. Poultry Development
Establishment of Backyard
Poultry Units
2000 5.00 2000 5.00 2000 5.00
3. Health Coverage
a) Drugs/Dosing/treatment 3 40.00 3 30.00 3 30.00
b) Supply of feed supplement
/ Mineral mixture,
Calcium & vitamins
2 50.00 1.5 37.50 1.5 37.50
c) Purchase of Breeding
Bulls
12 6.00 8 4.00 8 4.00
d) Purchase of AI
equipments
50 9.20 - - - -
e) Training of Unemployed
Rural Youth
20 0.60 20 0.60 - -
f) Awareness and treatment
camp
40 0.60 40 0.60 40 0.60
g) Vaccination 2 20.00 1.5 15.00 15 15.00
4. Infrastructure
a) Construction of Veterinary
Dispensary 5 buildings per
year
10 70.00 8 56.00 7 49.00
b) Transportation Vehicle
(Truck)
1 8.00 - - - -
5. NMPS 0.00 0.00 2200 55.70 2000 55.70
Total 249.40 234 227.20
G Total= 710.60
114
5.7. SHEEP HUSBANDRY
Intrtoduction:
The district Reasi is ideally suited for rearing of sheep and goat owing to its
agro- climatics and geo- physical conditions. Most of the schedule Tribe families i.e
Gujjar, Bakarwals and Gaddies are dependent on sheep & Goat for their livelihood.
The cold condition of the J&K State Particularly the valley and Doda District
necessities the use of wool and mutton in one form or the other depending upon the
economic condition of the people.
So keeping in view the agro-climatic conditions and topography of the District
more efforts are required for genetic up gradation by providing good No.s of pure
breed as well as cross breed rams to the sheep reareas, so that the mutton and wool
production is increased to make the District self sufficient in future and secondly to
provide more health coverage facilities under dosing, vaccination and dipping.
The awareness camps should also be conducted to provide the sheep breeders the
day to day new scientific techniques and also providing the skill development among
the sheep farmers. The study tours of sheep farms be performed in and out of the
state.
Table 44: Block wise Sheep and Goat Population of District Reasi
S. No. Block Sheep Goat Total
1 Reasi 0.344 0.516 0.860
2 Pouni 0.546 0.647 1.193
3 Arnas 1.323 0.704 2.027
4 Mahore 1.037 0.633 1.670
Total 3.250 2.500 5.750
Projects for Development of Sheep Husbandary Sector (Sheep And Goat)
5.7.1. Genetic up gradation
The District is having 3.250 Nos. of sheep population for breeding purpose we
require 3250 Nos. of rams for breeding coverage but only 303 Nos. of rams are
available for breeding. There is deficit of 2947 rams, hence good Nos. of rams be
imported or cross breeds rams be purchased to fill up this huge gap.
115
5.7.2. Health Coverage
The district is deficit in respect of health coverage i.e. dosing vaccination and
dipping. As per norms the requirement is as under:-
At least 4 dosing / year
At least 2 dipping / year
At least 4 vaccines / year
As per sheep and goat population district requires 23.00 lacs for dosing but we
are able to dose 4.389 lacs with available funds.
For providing dipping as per norms 11.50 dipping needs to be done but
achievements of district is 2.189 lacs only.
For providing all the 4 vaccines to available sheep population 13.00 Nos. of
vaccines doses are required but the achievements of the district are only 2.83 Lacs.
5.7.3. Strengthening of infrastructure to promote extension services
In this behalf the awareness camps should be conducted for betterment of sheep
farmers to provide to day to day new scientific technique and technical knowhow.
Provision of shearing Machine: The shearing machine should be procured at
block level so that the good staple length wool be produced and the sheep farmers
compete with the market and fetch good price of their wool.
5.7.4. Skill development and training
The sheep farming community be given training about sheep rearing in the sheep
farm in the or outside the states to adopt the day to day new method of sheep rearing.
The sheep farmer shall be given machine sharing training to generate their
income.
116
Table 45: Physical and Financial Requirement under NADP for the Development of Sheep Husbandry Sector
S.
No.
Components/
Particulars
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total
Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin.
1 Purchase of elite Rams 250 7.50 250 7.50 250 7.50 750 22.50
2 Importation of Rams - - - - 45 56.25 45 56.25
3 Transportation Charges of
Livestock
- 0.50 - 0.50 - 0.50 - 1.50
4 Drugs 7.5 15.00 7.5 15.00 7.5 15.00 22.50 45.00
5 Estt. of Mini Sheep Farms 35 70.00 35 70.00 35 70.00 105 210.00
6 Purchase of Shearing Machine 7 14.00 4 8.00 3 6.00 14 28.00
7 Provision of Tarpalline for shelter 100 1.00 100 1.00 100 1.00 300 3.00
8 Feed and Fodder bank 7 14.00 - 3.50 - 3.50 7 21.00
9 Purchase of Generator Set 7 2.10 2 0.60 2 0.60 11 3.30
10 Awareness Camps 7 3.50 7 3.50 7 3.50 21 10.50
11 Transportation of feed & Fodder - 0.20 - 0.20 - 0.20 - 0.60
12 First Aid medicine kits 100 1.00 100 1.00 100 1.00 300 3.00
13 Const. of SEC’s 4 40.00 4 40.00 4 40.00 12 120.00
14 Misc. Expend. - 1.50 - 1.50 - 2.00 - 5.00
15 Machine Shearing Training 14 0.85 4 0.25 4 0.25 22 1.35
16 Farmers Tour (outside state) 1 2.50 1 2.50 1 2.50 3 7.50
17 Intensive sheep rearing training 35 2.10 35 2.10 35 2.10 105 6.30
G total 175.75 159.15 211.90 544.80
117
5.8. COOPERATIVE SECTOR
Introduction:
The co-operation has played a significant role in ameliorating the socio-
economic condition of the masses of district Reasi with its multi-prolonged strategy in
fulfilling the basic need of the people like supply of essential commodities,
distribution of fertilizers, K. Oil and other consumer items at fair prices even at the
time of crises. It has provided the credit facilities i.e. short terms crop loan and
medium term loans to the needy small farmers. In Reasi district there are twenty
PACS (Primary Agriculture Credit Societies) covering 248 villages out of 255
villages. We have four Marketing Societies covering all urban areas and one women
tailoring society. These are all above societies are registered under Cooperative Act
1989. The numbers of multipurpose cooperative societies registered under Act 1999
is five. Except one all are non-functional.
Table 46: Detail information regarding Cooperative Institutions in district
S. N
o.
Typ
e of
Soci
ety
Tota
l
Fu
nct
.
Non
- fu
nct
.
Mem
ber
ship
Sh
are
-
Cap
ital
Ind
+ G
ovt.
Work
ing
Cap
ital
1. CMS 4 3 1 34 3.2 Lacs 8.60 Lacs
2 PACS 20 11 9 8309 21.51 43.54
3 OTHERS 1 1 - 52 0.27 Lacs 0.27 Lacs
Total 25 15 10 8395 25.00 Lacs 51.87 Lacs
AGRICULTURE RELATED FUNCTION OF COOPERATIVE
The main function in the field of agriculture is twin pronged:
Fertilizer supply: Fertilizer: Cooperative societies distribute about 90 % of the total
consumption of all type of fertilizer in the Distt. Due top hilly terrain the private
retailer are not interested in supplying the fertilizer due to carriage bottleneck. So all
responsibility lies on co-operative industries we are doing our job with limited
resources.
Providing S.T./M.T. Crop loans: Farmers of this district are economically
backwards . They need monetary support at the time of sowing. Cooperative
118
societies cater their this need by providing them S.T. Loan through Cooperative
Banks. The detail of distribution of ST loan of last two years is as under: -
Year Amount Advanced No. of beneficiaries
2007-08 90.06 616
2008-09 61.49 417
In district there is 13% population of SC and 25 % population of ST „s the liability of
SC and ST is as under:
SC No. of
members
Debit
liability
ST No. of
members
Debit
liability
310 14.45 630 14.45 Lacs
(APP.)
Problems of Cooperative department needs to be addressed
1. Timely distribution of fertilizer.
2. Recovery of loan advanced.
3. Major resources lying with the society.
4. Lack of infrastructure and resources to procure the produce of the farmers.
5. Storage facility.
Due to hilly and tough terrain the firm engaged in distribution of fertilizers are
hesitating to provide the fertilizers at places like Arnas and Mahore. Usually the
fertilizer reaches at higher ridges later then plan areas which defeat the purpose of
cooperative societies. Due to the same reason the consumption of fertilizer is munch
lower then the target fixed by the agriculture department. The consumption is lower
due to non availability of roads. This become a costly affair for petty farmers to
purchase fertilizer and then to carry the same to their fields. At least Rs.50/- to 100
/- is the carrying expenditure (i.e. pony) per Qtl. Therefore a subsidy is required for
head load of fertilizer in district Reasi about 4700 Qtl fertilizer is not used due to head
load involvement.. In order to provide fertilizer at every corner of this district, an
amount of Rs.4 Lacs App. is required as head load subsidy.
Recovery of loan: - Recovery of loan is also serious problem. In the year 2007-08
seven PACS advance loan of about Rs. 90.06 Lacs, where in 2008-09 the Nos of
societies came down to 4 and amount of disbursed loan decreases to Rs.61.49 Lacs.
119
This downward trend is due to non recovery of loan. The main reasons behind this
are:-
1. Ignorance regarding loan waiver policy.
2. Infrastructure bottleneck regarding the sale of produce of small farmers.
The resources lying with the socities is scare. PACS and CMS do not have
storage facilities. Though some have god owns, but they are in bad shape.
No. of Godowns = 12
Storage Capacity = 200 Tones
Note: Only three Godowns of 50 tones are in working condition rest are in bad shape.
Lack of transport facilities :
Societies which are mainly responsible for providing fertilizer particularly CMS
have meager working capital which could not buy the fertilizer in required quantity.
The district has four marketing societies with amount meant for fertilizer is an under:-
Name of CMs Funds Required Shortfall
CMS Pouni 01 Lac 10 Lacs 0.9 Lacs
CMS Reasi 01 lac 10 Lacs 0.9 Lacs
CMS Arnas 0.68 Lac 5 Lacs 4.32 Lacs
CMS Katra 01 Lac 5 Lacs 04 Lacs
This shortfall can be bridged by the providing the societies a revolving fund
exclusive meant for buying fertilizer.
Awareness regarding the role of cooperative in agriculture, but farmers are not
fully aware of functioning of cooperative societies in the least developed district
Reasi.
5.8.1. Grain Godown
To avoid wastage and deterioration of agriculture and horticulture produce
because of inclement weather conditions, for want of transportation and to bargaining
capacity of small and marginal farmers, to provide storage place to the produce till
favourable process are available.
To construct the rural godown of 1000 M.Tons capacity in rural area in village
panthel, tehsil and Distt. Reasi. The proposed store shall provide relief to the
progressive grower of the area who deals in the Marketing of Agriculture and
Horticulture produce during the season and shall also provide storage facility to the
small and marginal farmers nearby area on rental basis.
120
Panthel village has catchments area of about 8 villages namely Panthel, Kun
Kanyala, Tehlin, Chadua, Chak Balta, Dadura, Pantha, Malun,Sool with in radius of 4
Kms having 60% of its Agriculture & Horticulture produce is marketable surplus. At
present there is no storage facility available to the farmers of the area and they are
forced to self their produce at distress sale. This proposed Store shall go a long way in
ameliorating the above problems of the growers.
Panthel and its surrounding villages in Tehsil Reasi is predominant in
Agriculture and Horticulture produce such as Maize, Wheat, Cauliflower, Knol-Khol,
Lady finder, Mango, Orange, Kinnow, Guava and Lemon and at present there is no
such facility available to the farmers of these areas falling with in the catchment areas
of store their produce during the inclement whether and as such a store is needed
badly by the farmer to the area, which would save the produce of the poor farmer
from distress sale.
The store could be utilized by the growers for storing of Agriculture and
Horticulture produce. The farmers residing in the catchment areas can also likely use
this Godown for storing raw material, storing of seeds, fertilizer, insecticides etc,
needed by the farmers of the area and at present due to non availability of such store
the farmers has to purchase these items from far off places at high cost.
It is therefore concluded that the proposed store shall benefit the poor farming
community of village Panthel area and its catchment tremendously and shall be a
viable unit. The project proposal of cooperative sector is given in the table.
121
Table 47: Physical and financial implication of cooperative department to achieve physical target
S.
No
.
Sector Name 2014-15 2016-17 2016-17 Total
(Lacs) Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin.
1 a) Godowan (New Const.)
b) Cold Storage (Contemplated
for 3 years period
6
1
60.00
50.00
5
-
35.00
50.00
6
-
50.00
50.00
145.00
150.00
2 Load Carrier
a)Truck
b) Small Load carrier
1
1
15.00
6.00
1
2
16.00
13.00
1
1
16.50
6.50
47.50
25.50
3 Vegetable Market 1 10.00 1 10.00 1 23.00 43.00
4 Milk Collection Centre 1 5.00 1 6.00 - - 11.00
5 Revolving funds for fertilizer business
i) CMS @ 10 lacs
ii) PACS @ 5 Lacs
2
6
20.00
30.00
1
8
10.00
40.00
1
6
10.00
30.00
40.00
100.00
6 Provision for SC/ST Loan - 18.30 - 12.50 - 6.49 37.29
7 Funds at the disposal of PACS
for ST loan
2 10.00 2 10.00 3 15.00 35.00
8 Head load subsidy - 8.00 - 8.00 - 8.00 24.00
9 Godown Repair 2 4.00 2 5.00 1 2.50 11.50
10 Awareness Camps - 1.00 - 1.50 - 2.00 4.50
G.Total 674.29
122
5.9. AGRI-BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Introduction
In a bid to ameliorate the lot of the fruit and vegetable growers/ farmers
community. It is mandatory to prevent the agri/horti produce from unfavourable
conditions in respect of inclement weather, lack of transport facilities, lack of storage
facilities etc. during the season.
Accordingly the department of Horticulture Planning and Marketing has
already initiated its concerted efforts to ensure the welfare of the fruit and vegetable
growers community by way of making available the facilities like; Transportation,
Storages, On-farm storages etc. as the Agricultural marketing is the main stay for the
development of agricultural sector in post-harvest management in general and to
achieve the growth rate of 4% envisaged during the 11th
plan period in particular.
Globalization and domestic market reforms have resulted in transformation of
subsistence farming to increased commercialization and agri-business. This calls for
strengthening Agricultural marketing and Agri-Business management in J&K for the
reasons indicated below:-
1. Bulk of farmers constitute small and marginal.
2. New marketing formats require graded produce.
3. Lack of storage facilities for perishable commodities.
4.
Strengthening Agricultural Marketing and Agri-Business Management
5.9.1. Establishment of Agri-Business Centre/Apni Mandies;
Traditionally a producer used to take its produce to the district/Terminal
markets for sale where he was supposed to sell off his produce even at distress prices
thereby getting no due share. But now the trend has changed as the department of
Horticulture Planning and Marketing in collaboration with DMI/NHB has been
implementing various programmes of developing APNI MANDIES in rural and
productive areas so that the producer may sell his produce in this small mandi directly
to the consumers community and buyers there by ensuring reduction in middle-
manship and enhancing producers share in consumers rupee, in this was the producers
community get the market at their door step. It will definitely increase producers share
in consumers rupees as more the number of middlemen involve in marketing process,
it reduces the share of producers.
123
Table 48: Detail of Apni Mandi for the year 2016-17
Name of the Apni Mandi Pouni Block at Puria
Area covered/possessed 8 Kanal 13 marlas
Production of Fruits/vegetables 6500 MT.
Commodities raised All kinds of Vegetables and fruits like
Mangoes, Peach, Loquat, Gauya etc.
Catchment Area Pouni, Puria, Kundkanyari, Parkh, etc.
The transfer of 8 kanal and 13 Marlas of state land is under process and the
revenue papers are lying in the office of Divisional Commissioner Jammu for its
transfer to the Department. By developing an Apni Mandi to boost the economy of the
rural people of this area and in return the growers will get a market at their door step.
This will involve expenses amounting to Rs. 22 lakhs to complete the project. During
next 3 years similar Apni mandies / Agri Business centres shall be established in the
main fruit and vegetable producing area like Reasi and Arnas of Reasi District.
5.9.2. Construction of Store/Godown;
Developing rural godowns of 1000 M. Tonns capacity in rural areas of the
district shall be of immense use and provide relief to the Fruit /vegetable growers in
large way that during inclement weather conditions and non-availability of
transportation, the producers can store his produce in the nearby store / Godown by
way of which the fruit / vegetable commodity is prevented from damage.
The post-harvest losses due to non availability of the store is quite high.
Within the result a good quantity of fruit / vegetables are damaged in absence of
proper storage facilities. The fruit and vegetable growers in hilly areas are very poor
having very small holdings and unable to construct their own stores. So the
construction of hygienic and big store at fruit / vegetable producing area will
definitely reduce the post harvest losses of the produce and the produce will reach at
marketplace in better condition. During the year 2014-15, 1 such store is proposed at
Panthal in Tehsil Reasi. .2 nos. of similar store shall be constructed in District, at
Pouni and Mahore during the year 2016-17 and 2016-17
5.9.3. Provision for alternate packing Material;
As of now the fruit and vegetable producers are using the wooden shooks as
the packing material for their produce which at one hand not feasible for
transportation and at other hand is a great loss to the forest. During the year 2014-15,
1000 Plastic Crates will be distributed among the progressive fruit and vegetable
124
growers. Similarly for next two years 2000 such plastic crates will be distributive
among the fruit and vegetable growers to develop a habit of using the plastic / card
board cartoons.
5.9.4. Refrigeration van
For haulage of very perishable agri/horti produce such as
strawberry/mashorrm and leafy vegetables which have having less life, a refrigeration
van is must for the transportation of fruit and vegetables from the productive belts to
mandi. One such van is proposed for the year 2014-15 and for next 2 years 2 such
refrigeration vans shall be required so as to save the perishable items from losses
during transportation.
5.9.5. Organization of Awareness Camps.
To make familiar to the growers with modern techniques of marketing using
of alternate packing material, growing of new crops and other, awareness among the
growers is very much required. The department has proposed 4 such camps during the
year 2014-15 and 8 Nos. camps for next 2 years have been proposed.
As there is an ample of potential for fruit and vegetable production dueto diverse
climate condition in the district, fruit and vegetable growers need to be imparted day
to day technical know how for giving a fillip to the production. The department of
Horticulture Planning and Marketing organizes Growers Awareness Camps from time
to time in the production belts of the districts concerned. Over 100 growers are ebing
invited to attend the event and the grievances of the growersare being addressed by all
the Sectoral Officers of Agriculture Sector/financial Institutions etc. hence it is a
farmer-oriented programme and accordingly the farmers take maximum educative
advantage of this event.
Objective.
1. Training farmers on good marketing practice.
2. Strengthening of forward and backward linkages.
3. Dissemination of periodic market intelligence.
4. Strengthening market led extension.
5. Strengthening facilities for quality control.
6. Developing entrepreneurship among small and marginal farmers through need
based training.
125
Table 49: Horticulture (Planning and Marketing) Department, Reasi,Year wise Budget Requirement.
S.
No
Name of the
Scheme
Location Provision of Land acquisition 2015-16 2016-17
Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin
1 Construction of
Apni Mandi at
Arnas
Arnas 20.00 lacs for Land 01
100.00 - - 100.00
2 Construction of
Apni Mandi at
Katra
Katra 20.00 lacs for Land -
- 01 100.00 100.00
G. Total 100.00 100.00 200.00
126
Table 50: Comprehensive Plan Proposal of Agriculture & Allied Sectors under Stream-I
of RKVY for District Reasi
S.
No
Name of the sector Financial requirement for project period
(Rs in lacs)
1 Agriculture 11399.99
2 Horticulture 1709.88
3 Floriculture 153.85
4 Sericulture 114.04
5 Fisheries 35.791
6 Animal Husbandry 710.60
7 Sheep Husbandry 544.80
8 Co-Operative 674.29
9 Agri Business 200.00
Total Project Cost 15543.241
Administrative Cost @ 1% of the
Total Project Cost 155.43241
Monitoring & Evaluation @ 1% of
the Total Project Cost 155.43241
Grand Total 15854.10582
127
5.10. STREAM-II (SPECIFIC AGRICULTURE & ALLIED SECTOR
PROJECTS)
5.10.1. AGRICULTURE (STREAM II)
A. Human Resource development in Agriculture
For successful implementation of various schemes, it is imperative to provide training to
the farmers for transfer of latest technology. The proposal of which is made below:
Table 51: Project on Training on Integrated Farming system and Income
Generating Activities for Enhancing Livelihood Security S.
No
Programme Component Unit Proposed target of the
project
2014-15 to 2016-17
Physical Financial
1 Training of officers and officials @Rs0.50/No No 12 0.60
2 Training of bee keepers on FFS pattern(30
farmers).
No 12 6.00
3 Information and publicity awareness camps
@2500 Lac each.
No 04 0.10
Total 6.70
B. Human Resource development in Sericulture Department
For successful implementation of various schemes, it is imperative to provide training to
the farmers for transfer of latest technology in various disciplines of sericulture by organizing
study tours of the progressive farmers outside the state in Sericulture advanced state like
Karnataka, and organizing awareness camps within the district. An amount of Rs. 6.75 lacs is
proposed during the plan period.
a) Study tour outside the state @ 30 farmers per trip per year for 10 days. The expenditure
includes Boarding, lodging and transportation for 90 farmers.
b) Organizing 30 one day awareness camp @ Rs. 8000/- per camp for 50 persons per centre.
Amount required is to the tune of Rs. 2.40 lacs.
c) Hiring of material for setting up of awareness camps will involve Rs. 0.75 lacs.
128
Table 52: Human Resource development in Sericulture Department
Name of Activity Unit Cost
(Rs)
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin.
i) Study tour outside the
state in Karnataka for 30
farmers per year for 10
days including lodging,
boarding and
transportation.
@ Rs. 7500/-
Farmer
60 4.50 60 4.50 60 4.50
ii) Organizing of 30, one
day awareness camps for
50 farmers each to educate
them about the latest know
how mulberry & silkworm
rearing. Refreshment
charges to farmers
including honorarium to
resource person
Rs. 10000/- 10 1.00 10 1.00 10 1.00
Total 5.50
Human Resource development in Development of Organic Farming
Organic certification of produce assumes great importance in the present world. So
human resource need t be developed in organic farming and its certification
Table 53: Project on Trainings on Organic Farming
S.
No
Programme
Component
Financial
assistant
App./unit
Proposed targets of the project
2014-15 to 2016-17 Physical Financial
1 Training of certification and
inspection agencies
0.51 10 5.10
2 Training on production and
quality control of organic inputs
0.51 10 5.10
3 Training of field functionaries
and extension officers(100 No)
0.50 10 10.00
4 Training of farmers on organic
farming(50 No)
0.25 20 5.00
Total 25.20
129
Study Tour of Farmers and Extension Officers
Study Tour of Farmers and Extension Officers of Reasi district are also proposed on
several aspects, the detail of which is given hereunder:
Table 54: Project on Study Tour for farmers and extension officers
S.
No
Programme Component Unit Proposed targets of the project
2014-15 to 2016-17
Physical Financial
1 Specialized training for
staff/Officers within
states @Rs. 0.08/No.
Nos.
100 8.00
Outside the state @ Rs.
0.40/No.
Nos.
40 16.00
2. Training course for
quality control measures
at Rs.12,000/- per
training
Nos. 4 0.48
3. Exhibition/Farmers fair Nos. 6 15.00
Total 39.48
TOTAL FINANCIAL PROPOSAL OF AGRICULTURE UNDER
STREAM II: 76.88 lACS
130
5.10.2. HORTICULTURE (STREAM II)
Table 55: Project proposal on Awareness Camps
Table 56: Project proposal on Training of farmers within the state
Table 57: Project proposal on Training of farmers outside the state
Name of
component
Unit Cost Name of
Block
Year (2014-15 to 2015-17)
Farmers‟
awareness
camps
@ Rs.10,000
Per camp
Physical
(in No.)
Financial
(in lacks) Mahore 50 5.00
Arnas 50 5.00
Reasi 50 5.00
Pouni 50 5.00
Total 200 20 lacs
Name of
component
Unit Cost Name of
Block
Year (2014-15 to 2015-17)
Training of
farmers within
state
@ Rs.1000/
farmer/day
Physical
(in man days)
Financial
(in lacks) Mahore 60 .0.60
Arnas 60 0.60
Reasi 60 0.60
Pouni 60 0.60
Total 240 2.40
Name of
component
Unit Cost Name of
Block
Year (2014-15 to 2016-17)
Training of
farmers outside
state
@ Rs.1500/
farmer/day
Physical
(in man days)
Financial
(in lacks) Mahore 40 .60
Arnas 40 .60
Reasi 40 .60
Pouni 40 .60
Total 160 2.40
131
Table 58: Project proposal on Training of women farmers
TOTAL FINANCIAL PROPOSAL OF HORTICULTURE UNDER
STREAM II: 25.60 LACS
TOTAL FINANCIAL PROPOSAL UNDER STREAM II: 102.48 LACS
5.11. PROJECTED OUTCOME AND GROWTH RATE DURING XII YEAR PLAN
Among the Agriculture and Allied Sectors the major share of income generated in
Reasi district is derived from Allied Sectors. Therefore, by increasing the area under
horticultural crops and giving due attention to the other allied sectors the financial situation
of the rural farmer can be improved very much.
Table 59: Current & Projected Income in the allied sector of the Reasi District
S.NO Crop /Enterprise
Income (in lakhs)
2011-12 2014-15 2016-17 2016-17
1 Horticulture (Fresh Fruit
& Dry Fruit) 1362.50 1417.00 1473.68 1532.63
2 Sericulture (Cocoon) 10.86 11.29 11.75 12.22
3 Pisciculture (Fish meat) 58.26 60.59 63.01 65.53
4 Animal Husbandry
(Milk & Meat) 4500.00 4680.00 4867.20 5061.89
5 Sheep Husbandry Sector
(Meat & Wool) 3972.74 4131.65 4296.92 4468.79
Total 9904.36 10300.53 10712.56 11141.06
Name of
component
Unit Cost Name of
Block
Year (2014-15 to 2016-17)
Training of
Women
@ Rs.1000/
women/day
Physical
(in man days)
Financial
(in lacks) Mahore 20 0.20 Arnas 20 0.20 Reasi 20 0.20 Pouni 20 0.20
Total 80 0.80
132
CHAPTER VI
District Plan Reasi
6.1. Introduction
The comprehensive district agriculture plan of Reasi is meant for achieving the high
productivity growth expectations under C-DAP. It is aimed at reducing the yield gaps in
important crops and increasing production and productivity in agriculture and allied sectors
through focused and holistic initiatives to maximize farmers‟ income.
Maize is the major crop of the district followed by wheat. Rice is cultivated in
negligible area. Cattle population being high in the district and connectivity being poor,
fodder and feed production have been given greater thrust in the C-DAP. Productivity
enhancement of food crops and promotion of income generating ventures including
floriculture development, sericulture, mushrooms, apiculture, sheep and goat management,
etc. have been given due importance under the plan.
6.2. Growth drivers
For achieving the targeted growth for the agriculture and allied sector, the growth drivers are
enlisted herewith.
6.2.1. Agriculture
Identification and increased adoption of specific varieties of different crops especially
hybrid maize.
Organic farming in selected pockets for identified high value crops.
Ensuring food security along with augmentation of income resources to earn the trust
of stake holders.
Evolution of different area specific farming systems through integrated approach
especially through action research evolving Scientist, Extension specialist and
Farmers.
Restoration of soil health and rainwater harvesting as a source of resource
conservation technologies.
Existence of Krishi Vigyan Kendra for research/extension support.
Farm Mechanization for increasing water use efficiency and greater farm power
availability
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Enhancing seed replacement rate and seed treatment.
IPM, INM and IWM.
Demonstration and capacity building of field functionary and farmers
Improving Livelihood of rural household by exposing the farmers to the potential of
diversified farming system.
Human resource development.
Expansion of adequate infrastructure for marketing and value addition.
6.2.2. Horticulture
Favorable/conducive agro-climatic conditions for a wide range of fruits.
Receptive youth available for training in modern horticulture techniques.
Quality Seed Rhizome production and area expansion under ginger cultivation
Influx of tourism to the internationally renowned places of the district.
Promoting off season vegetable cultivation
Immense scope of floriculture in the renowned holy places of the district
Availability of wild cultivars for top working.
IPM and INM
Encouraging income and employment generating vocations through agro based
vocations.
Demonstrations and trainings including farmers and field official
Adequate availability of man power.
6.2.3. Forestry:
a) Strengthening of bamboo and jatropha farming
b) Increasing area under forests through plantation.
c) Strengthening agro-forestry.
d) Demonstrations and trainings including farmers and field officials
6.2.4. Animal Husbandry:
Genetic up gradation of the live stock for ensuring overall development.
Improving access to the hilly terrain of the district to maintain assured supply of
inputs.
Developing Community pasture and grasslands
Balanced feeding by popularizing mineral mixture feeding
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Vaccination and Deworming for imoroving the health status.
Environment Friendly Improved management System
Pasture Development
Demonstration and capacity building of field functionary and farmers
Poultry Development with emphasis on backyard poultry.
6.2.5. Fisheries:
a) Improvement of already existing ponds.
b) Ensuring availability of good quality fish seed.
c) Balanced feeding in ponds.
d) Capacity building of farmers and field functionary
e) Reducing the gap between the production and demand
6.3. Innovative Schemes/ Projects
The proposed projects detailed in chapter IV and V are meant for providing desired support
for achieving planned target of the district. The proposed projects are listed as follows:
Project Proposal For Development Of Major Food Crops
Project Proposal For Strengthening Of Departmental Seed Multiplication Farms
Project Proposal for Promotion Of Organic Farming
Project Proposal on protected cultivation of off-season vegetable.
Project Proposal for Establishment Of Small Scale Mushroom Units
Project Proposal for Apiculture Developemnt
Project Proposal on Soil & Water Conservation
Project Proposal on Minor Irrigation (through flow)
Detailed Project Proposal for Horticulture development
Project Proposal for Floriculture Development
Project for Sericulture Development
Project Proposal for Increase in Fish Production
Project Proposal for Development Of Animal Husbandry
Development of Sheep Husbandary Sector (Sheep And Goat)
Project Proposal for Development of Cooperative Sector
Strengthening Agricultural Marketing and Agri-Business Management
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6.4. PROJECT PROPOSALS
S.
No
Name of the sector No.
1 Agriculture 8
2 Horticulture 10
3 Floriculture 1
4 Sericulture 8
5 Fisheries 1
6 Animal Husbandry 4
7 Sheep Husbandry 4
8 Co-Operative 1
9 Agri Business 5
6.5. VISION OF XII PLAN
To increase the productivity of field crops, horticultural crops, fisheries on sustainable
basis through improved farming techniques, diversification and restoration of available
natural resources. Priorities for the plan would be as under:
Ensuring food security along with augmentation of income resources to earn the trust
of stake holders.
Improving access to the hilly terrain of the district to maintain assured supply of
inputs.
Improvement of soil health and rainwater harvesting as a source of resource
conservation technologies
Area expansion in fruits, vegetables, and flowers
Minimizing gap between research and extension.
Human resource development of receptive rural youths, farm women, other
disadvantaged groups and field staff
Intensification of crop husbandry with vegetable and horticultural crops, animal
husbandry, mushroom cultivation and other non crop based farming
Expansion of adequate infrastructure for marketing and value addition.