Consulting Agency

29

Government of Jammu & Kashmir Directorate of Agriculture, Jammu (J&K)

COMPREHENSIVE DISTRICT AGRICULTURE PLAN

VOL. VIII: DISTRICT REASI; 2014

Consulting Agency

DIRECTORATE OF EXTENSION

Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha, 180 009

Jammu & Kashmir

30

COMPREHENSIVE DISTRICT AGRICULTURE PLAN

(DISTRICT REASI)

Doda Jammu Kathua Kishtwar Poonch Rajouri Ramban Reasi Samba Udhampur

CONTRIBUTORS:

Dr. Banarasi Lal SMS, Agril. Ext. Education, KVK Reasi

Pawan Kumar Sharma SMS, Agril. Economics, KVK Poonch

Sh. Vinod Dhar SMS, Department of Agriculture, Reasi

&

DISTRICT’S OFFICERS OF LINE DEPARTMENT DISTRICT REASI, J&K

31

List of Contents

S. No. Page No.

I Chapter-I (Introduction)

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Methodology 3

1.3 Data Collection & Consultation 4

II. Chapter-II (General Description)

2.1. Introduction 7

2.2. District at a glance 13

2.2.1. Location and Geographical Units 14

2.2.2. Demographic Profile 15

2.2.3. Topography and Agro Climatic Characteristics 15

2.2.4. Land Use pattern and Land holdings 16

2.2.5. Irrigation and Ground water 17

2.3. Development Vision and Strategy 17

III. Chapter-III (SWOT Analysis)

3.1. Introduction 19

3.2.A. SWOT Analysis of Agriculture Sector 19

3.2.B. SWOT Analysis of Allied Sector 21

I Horticulture Sector 21

II Natural Resources 22

III Animal Husbandry Sector 22

IV Fisheries Sector Sheep Husbandry Sector 24

V Sericulture Sector 24

3.3. Accomodating SWOT 27

3.4. Sectoral/Regional Growth Drivers Of The District 28

IV. Chapter-III (Development of Agriculture Sector)


4.2. Land Use 30

4.3. Soil Health 30

4.4. Water Resources and Management 32

4.5. Major Crop and Varieties Grown in District

Poonch

32

4.6. Input Management 33

4.7. Farm Mechanisation/ Farm Equipments 34

Constraint Analyses & Recommended

Interventions

34

4.8. Special Projects/ Programmes on- Going in the

District

34

32

4.9. Constraints Analysis 45

4.10. Recommended Interventions In The Agriculture

Sector

46

4.10.1. Project Proposal-I 49

4.10.2. Project Proposal-II 52

4.10.3. Project Proposal-III 54

4.10.4. Project Proposal-IV 59

4.10.5. Project Proposal-V 60

4.10.6. Project Proposal-VI 62

4.10.7. Project Proposal-VII 65

4.10.8. Project Proposal-VIII 74

4.11. Projected Outcome and Growth Rate during

the Next Plan Period

76

4.12. RESEARCHABLE ISSUES (SKUAST-JAMMU)

Researchable Issues 77


V Chapter V (Horticulture Sector)


5.2. Horticulture 86









5.2.9. Project Proposal-IX 93

5.2.10. Project Proposal-X 94

5.3. Floriculture Sector 96


5.4. Sericulture Sector 99

5.4.1. Project Proposal I 101

5.4.2. Project Proposal II 101






33


5.5. Fisheries Activity 106

5.5.1 Project Proposal-I

5.6. Animal Husbandry Sector 110





5.7. Sheep Husbandry Sector 114





5.8. Cooperative Sector 117


5.9. Agri-Business Management 122






5.10. Stream-II (Specific Agriculture & Allied

Sectors Project)

127

5.10.1. Agriculture (STREAM II) 127

5.10.2. Horticulture (STREAM II) 130

5.11. Projected Outcome and Growth Rate During XII

Year Plan

131

VI. District Plan


6.2. Growth Drivers 132

6.3. Innovative Schemes 134

6.4. Project Proposals 135

6.5. Vision of XIIth

Plan 135

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List of Tables

S. No. Particulars Page No.

1. General information 12

2. Land Utilisation Statistics 12

3. Status of Cropping System in Reasi District 13

4. Geographical Information of Reasi district 14

5. Demographic profile of Reasi district 15

6. Land Use pattern of Reasi District 16

7. Status of Land Holdings in Reasi District 16

8. Natural Resource Inventory of soil 31

9. Crops and varieties of important agriculture

crops

32

10. List of On-going Schemes in District Reasi 34

11. Block wise Targets for Water Resource

Management and Irrigation

51

12. Detail of Flow Irrigation Scheme proposed

under RKVY for 12th

Plan

51

13. Block wise Targets for Demonstrations of

Improved Crop Production

53

14. Block wise Targets for Participatory Seed

Production for Food Security

58

15. Block wise Targets for Development of Rainfed

Farming

59

16. Block wise Targets for Organic Farming 61

17. Block wise Targets for Off-season Vegetable

Production

64

18. Project Proposal for Establishment of Small

Scale Mushroom Units

66

19. Project proposal for the development of

apiculture for Departmental Demonstration

Centre

70

20. Project proposal for the development of

apiculture in Private sector

71

21. Block wise Targets for Promoting Medicinal &

Aromatic Plantation

73

22. Component/scheme wise detail of the soil &

water conservation programme proposed

under different blocks of district Reasi

76

35

23. Financial Summary of Plan Proposals under

RKVY for District Reasi for 12th

F. Y. Plan

under Agriculture Sector (STREAM I)

84

24. Project Proposal for Top working of plants 87

25. Project proposals for Gap-filling/Replantation

of old orchards

87

26. Project proposals for creation of water

resource

88

27. Project Proposal for Protected Cultivation 89

28. Project Proposal for Production of Quality

Planting Material

89

29. Improvement/Upgradation and modernization

of departmental nurseries/orchards in Reasi

District under RKVY

90

30. Project proposal Farm Mechanization 91

31. Project proposal Farm Mechanization Organic

Farming and Vermi compost units

92

32. Project proposal for Area Expansion

Programme.

93

33. Year wise Project proposal for Area Expansion

Programme

93

34. Promotion of Kitchen Gardening Scheme 94

35. Fruit and vegetable processing facility unit and

infrastructure

94

36. Summary of the Project Proposals for

Development of Horticulture

95

37. The cultural waste areas of villages selected 96

38. Estimated Cost of Floriculture Items @4

Kanal/ Farmer For 50 Farmers

98

39. Glimpses of Progress made in Sericulture 99

40. Present status and targets envisage by the end

of XII-Plan under rainfed conduction.

100

41. Proposed Physical and Financial Targets for

Sericulture for 12th

F.Y. Plan

104

42. Summary of Aquaculture project cost 109

43. Budget allocation for development of Animal

Husbandry Development

113

44. Block wise Sheep and Goat Population of

District Reasi

114

36

45. Physical and Financial Requirement under

NADP for the Development of Sheep

Husbandry Sector

116

46. Detail information regarding Cooperative

Institutions in district

117

47. Physical and financial implication of

cooperative department to achieve physical

target

121

48. Detail of Apni Mandi for the year 2016-17 123

49. Horticulture (Planning and Marketing)

Department, Reasi,Year wise Budget

Requirement.

125

50. Comprehensive Plan Proposal of Agriculture

& Allied Sectors under Stream-I of RKVY for

District Reasi

126

51. Project on Training on Integrated Farming

system and Income Generating Activities for

Enhancing Livelihood Security

127

52. Human Resource development in Sericulture

Department

128

53. Project on Trainings on Organic Farming 128

54. Project on Study Tour for farmers and

extension officers

129

55. Project proposal on Awareness Camps 130

56. Project proposal on Training of farmers within

the state

130

57. Project proposal on Training of farmers

outside the state

130

58. Project proposal on Training of women

farmers

131

59. Current & Projected Income in the allied

sector of the Reasi District

131

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LIST OF FIGURES/GRAPHS

Figure Title Page No.

1. Map of the location of Reasi District in

the State

8

2. Agricultural Map of District Reasi 9

3. Figure 3. Tehsil Map of District Reasi 10

4. Niabat Map of District Reasi 11

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A sustained and wide spread agricultural growth is a pre-condition of development.

The slow growth in agriculture (including allied sectors) can be of great strain for the

economy. Concerned over the slow pace of growth in agriculture and allied sectors, the

National Development Council (NDC), conceptualized National Agriculture Development

Programme (NADP) Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY).

The major objectives of RKVY are to incentivize the States for increasing public

investment in agriculture and allied sectors, preparation of realistic district plan, reduce the

yield gap in important crops and maximize income of farmers in agriculture and allied

sectors. To meet the objectives of RKVY, the Comprehensive-District Agriculture Plan (C-

DAP) for District Reasi was formulated by adopting participatory methodology involving

the stakeholders as suggested by Planning Commission.

1.1. A brief introduction to the District, its location, features, etc.

Agriculture holds an important position in Indian economy with its roughly 14 % share in

Gross Domestic Product and employing around 60 % of the total work force. For meeting

its burgeoning requirement of population, the country will require to produce 320 million

tonnes of food grains by 2025 from the current level of about 253 million tonnes.

The primary occupation of the people of Reasi is Agriculture and allied activities

and Reasi is economically an under-developed district. Internationally renowned places

like Mata Vaishno Devi, Katra along with some historical places like Shiv Khori Shrine,

Dera Baba Banda Bahadur, Baba Aghar Jitto JI, Ziarat Baji Ismail Sahib etc. come under

Reasi Distt. and remain thronged with lot of tourists round the year. Most of the agro-

based needs in these places are fulfilled through the import from nearby districts.

Therefore, there is a strong potential in Reasi district to fulfil the demands and gain profits.

The district has not made any impressive work in agri front but from last 10 years

there is some scientific agriculture activities started with the intervention of state

department and agriculture university and credit of this should go to several small and

marginal farmer families, which are the back bone of the district agri and economy. During

the last 10 yrs the increase in production resulted from gain in yield, expansion of

cultivated area and increased agri productivity. The Natural resource base of land , water

and biodiversity is the main strength of the region, so vast in uncommon opportunities to

harness agri potential still remain which can be rapped to achieve further targets. There is

various gap both in yield potential and technology transfer as the district avg. most of the

commodities are below which if addressed properly could be harnessed. Concentration

must be on enhancing production of few commodities like wheat, maize, sorghum, further

increase in the production of cereals and non cereals agri commodities will have to be

essentially achieved through increase in productivity as well as possibilities of expansion

of area. Farmer must be provided the necessary support, encouragement and incentives it

39

must focus both in income and greater on farm and off farm job and livelihood

opportunities.

1.2. Main points of SWOT of the District

Keeping in view the resource endowments of the district the present levels of

utilization of resources, production, productivity, profitability and sustainability of crops

and other enterprises were assessed. A complete SWOT analysis of the district was

drawn. Thereafter plans were prepared in order to capitalize on the strengths and

opportunities while treating the weaknesses and threats as challenges to be overcome.

For achieving the desired outcome as per the stated objectives of district planning the

driving consideration in the whole exercise was planning for outcome the desired state of

affairs. The district has possesses different agro-climatic situations ranging from sub-

tropical to temperate. Thus the district has capability to produce wide range of

agricultural and allied products. Manpower is also available in sufficient quantity which

can be utilized properly for overall development of agricultural sector. Sericulture is an

agro based industry providing subsidy occupation to about 425 silk rearing families in

the district. Cows, Buffaloes, Sheep, Goats and Poultry (Backyard) are major component

of animal husbandry in the district. The cross breed population of cattle is increasing in

number. Production of agriculture and allied sectors has not been increasing over the past

years which are a major concern for the authorities. SWOT analysis reveals the need and

potential of implementing different extension activities and need based projects to

achieve the vision for the district. With decreasing land holding, vertical expansion of

cultivation with multi-cropping and wide scale adoption of non-land and less land using

enterprises is the rational option. The soils of the district are deficit in organic carbon,

humus and medium in available nitrogen, phosphorous and low in potassium. Aberrant

erratic behavior of monsoon and prolonged dry spells during the crop period cause crop

failure/low productivity and production in some rainfed areas. The productivity of crops

has been declining in rainfed areas which discourage the farmers from investing in the

farming. There exist significant gaps between actual and attainable yields. Major

constraints leading to yield gaps are low availability of quality seeds/planting materials/

stocks, organic manures, bio pesticides, non-standardization and non-adoption of

improved production practices. Lack of scientific know-how, poor economic conditions,

low risk bearing ability and slackness toward agriculture on part of farmers also

contribute to lower productivity.

1.3. Areas/ Sectors which need to be addressed in the district

There is a need to conduct scientific demonstrations and awareness camps.

Infrastructural facilities at block levels and departmental facilities in both agriculture and

allied sectors need to be enhanced for better delivery of services to the farmers. The

interventions have been proposed in the work plan of agriculture and allied sectors for

40

enhancing the productivity of the major crops, vegetables, spices, flowers, animal

production in terms of milk, meat, eggs and wool.

1.4. Various on- going programmes in the district- a brief contextual gist

District plan for demonstrations of scientific technology in agriculture, upgrading

of animals in animal husbandry sector, irrigation schemes, soil conservation schemes and

other schemes related to different departments are being implemented in the previous

years.

1.5. The District Plan at a Glance

The Comprehensive District Agricultural Plan (C-DAP) of Reasi District is

prepared with the following specific objectives

To enable optimum utilization of scarce natural, physical and financial resources.

To assess and plan for the infrastructure required to support the agriculture

development.

To establish linkages with the required institutional support services, like credit,

technology transfer, ICT, research etc.

To evolve an action plan for achieving sustainable agricultural growth with food

security and cropping system that will improve farmer‟s income.

As per RKVY guidelines the specific programmes and activities are proposed under

two distinct streams viz. STREAM I for specific projects with definite time-lines and clear

objectives and STREAM II for strengthening the existing schemes and filling the resource

gaps. The components/ activities proposed for project based assistance includes

strengthening of infrastructure to promote extension services, market development,

amelioration of soil affected with salinity, water harvesting, integrated development of

food crops, agriculture mechanization, resource conservation, animal husbandry, fisheries

and allied sectors‟ development activities. The strengthening of existing schemes mainly

focuses on the aspects of capacity building and skill up gradation, entrepreneurship

development, system approach, efficient resource utilization, reducing yield gaps, post

harvest, ,marketing, alternate land use, diversification, demonstrations, group approach,

ICT, exposure visits etc.

The plan proposed for district Reasi is a step to achieve higher growth orbit of

sustainable agriculture development with special emphasis on:

1. Demonstration of improved techniques in cultivation of fruits, vegetables and flowers

along with value addition and marketing are proposed so as to achieve the double

digit growth.

2. Increasing farm income through animal component by emphasizing on stock

improvement and management practices.

41

3. Developing farmer‟s preferred local landraces of field crops most suited to the

region.

4. Promoting brand value of organically produced local products.

5. Study of existing farming practices, farming system(s) constraints and gaps pave the

way for recommended interventions for the development of agriculture and allied

sector.

6. Need based and area specific extension activities are proposed for capacity building

and skill up-gradation of farmers and field staff.

7. The specific projects proposed in the plan are aimed to provide a support base to the

activities and achieving the projected growth rates in agriculture and allied sectors in

District Reasi.

8. The projects proposed herein, will address long term issues and also cater to the

immediate needs of farmers and the economy of the district.

9. The proposed projects of agriculture sector covers the most crucial aspects of quality

seed production of various crops, natural resource management and conservation,

survey monitoring and evaluation , water resource management, soil health, organic

farming, integrated farming system, development of rainfed farming, farm

mechanization, mushroom, apiculture development, agro-forestry and medicinal

plantation, non farm activities, value addition and marketing in addition to

strengthening of training and research infrastructures.

10. For the development of allied sectors, the proposed projects in the plan are for area

expansion and rejuvenation and new plantation of Citrus, Ber etc.

11. Projects addressing the issues of Floriculture, Sericulture, Fisheries are also proposed

with area specific needs and requirements.

12. Specific projects for development of animal husbandry and marketing are also

proposed for providing added impetus to the diversified farming base of the district.

The total financial outlay for Stream-I for three years w.e.f. 2014-15 to 2016-17 in

the proposed XIIth

plan period under C-DAP is estimated to be Rs. 15854.10582 lacs

which is comprised of Rs. 11399.99 Lacs for agriculture and Rs. 4143.251 lacs for allied

sectors under Stream-I. Rs. 310.8648 is an additional administrative cost (@1%) and

Monitoring and Evaluation cost (@1%) of the total project cost.

For Stream-II, the proposed financial outlay stands at Rs. 102.48 lakhs, with

allocation of Rs. 76.88 lakhs for agriculture and Rs. 25.60 lacs for allied sectors‟ extension

activities.

Thus, the grand total outlay for the planned period is to the tune of Rs.

15956.58582 lakhs comprises of Rs. 15854.10582 lakhs under Stream-I (specific

projects) and Rs. 102.48 lakhs under Stream–II (traditional extension activities).

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1.6. Public Private Partnerships that can be envisaged in the proposed Plan

The present situation is not encouraging for implementation of Public Private

Partnerships, keeping in view the low marketable surplus and remoteness of the district.

However, implementation of well framed schemes can achieve high productivity in

agriculture and allied sectors for encouraging private sector in future to invest in the

district.

1.7. Expected outcomes as a result of implementation of the Plan

The direct outcome of the plan will be the enhancement of productivity in

agriculture and allied sectors. Expansion of irrigated area will not only enhance the crop

and cropping system productivity by 20-25 per cent but also helps in improving the soil

health. The wide gap between demand and supply of quality seed of improved varieties/

hybrids can be bridged with the farmers‟ participation in seed production under seed

village concept. Better income generation and hence, upliftment in the socio-economic

status of the farmers. A large scale adoption of organic farming especially in case of

horticulture crops by shifting towards bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides.

1

CHAPTER -I

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Planning is a process of preparing or carrying out a focused activity with goals,

procedures and policies for economic emancipation of a social or economic unit in a given

time frame. Planning must therefore, result in programmes that help people to find more

satisfactory modes of living and making a living by formulating comprehensive action

plans. The document containing goals, targets and policies to accomplish plan targets is

defined as plan. Planning in the context of district agricultural plans is an exercise of

preparing an integrated plan considering available resources and encompassing all sectoral

activities and schemes being carried out by the government or non-government

organisations in local governance such as panchayat, taluka or district. Accordingly, the

plan thus prepared is called panchayat or taluka or district plan.

The economic reforms commenced in 1991 has successfully put the economy in a

higher growth orbit with more than 8 percent growth rate in total Gross Domestic Product

(GDP) especially during the recent years. However, the agriculture sector which accounted

for more than 30 percent of total GDP at the beginning of reforms failed to maintain its

pre-reform growth. On the contrary, it witnessed a sharp deceleration in growth after mid

1990s as the per annum growth in agriculture sector dropped to 1.9 percent during 1996-97

to 2001-2002 from 3.2 percent in the period 1980-81 to 1995-1996. This happened despite

the fact that agricultural productivity in most of the states was quite low, as it were, and the

potential for the growth of agriculture was high. The 10th

five year plan target of growth of

4 percent per annum in agriculture and allied sectors, set to reverse the sharp deceleration

of 1996-1997 to 2001-2002, has not been achieved. The approach paper to the 11th

plan

also emphasized that reversal of the deceleration in agricultural growth witnessed after

1996 is a prerequisite for the success of this plan. A sustained and wide spread

agricultural growth is a pre-condition of development in India as more than 50 percent of

country‟s work force still depends upon agriculture for its livelihood. This slow growth in

agriculture (including allied sectors) can be of great strain for the economy as agriculture is

not only an important driver of macro- economic performance but it also is an essential

element of the strategy to make growth more inclusive. Concerned over this pace of

growth in agriculture and allied sectors, the National Development Council (NDC), in its

2

meeting held on 29th

May, 2007 resolved that a special Additional Central Assistance

Scheme i.e. National Agriculture Development Programme (NADP)/ Rastriya Krishi

Vikas Yojana (RKVY) be launched with following main objectives.

To incentivize the States for increasing public investment in agriculture and allied

sectors

To ensure that agricultural plans of Districts/States are prepared and are based on

agro- climatic conditions, availability of technology and natural resources.

To reduce the yield gap in important crops and increase production and

productivity in agriculture and allied sectors through focused and holistic

initiatives.

To ensure that local needs/crops/priorities are better reflected in the agricultural

plans of the Districts/States.

To provide flexibility and autonomy to States in planning and implementation of

agriculture and allied sector schemes.

To maximize income of farmers in agriculture and allied sectors.

The eligibility for assistance from the Centre under the scheme would depend upon

the State Government providing amounts in the Plan Budget of the State for agriculture

and allied sectors over the baseline expenditure.

The XI Plan provides an opportunity to restructure policies to achieve a new vision

based on faster, broad-based and inclusive growth. It is designed to reduce poverty and

focus on bridging the various divides that continue to fragment our society. It aims at

putting the economy on a sustainable growth trajectory with a GDP growth rate of

approximately 10 percent by the end of plan period and target a robust agricultural growth

at 4 percent per year. The agriculture growth being essential element of the strategy of

making growth more inclusive, the NDC advised the State Governments on preparation of

Comprehensive District Agriculture Plans (C-DAP) which includes allied agriculture

sectors with full and efficient utilization of available resources.

The concept of integrated local area plans to raise living standard in rural area and

overcome food shortage based on specific endowments and needs of each area was

initially mooted in 1st Five year plan in 1951. It could not be materialized in true sense as

3

only sporadic efforts and isolated cases of such planning were practically attempted. For

success of local area or District level plans the underlying constraints are needed to be

identified. The required infrastructural investment, extension and research system

revamping and market reach with the system‟s conduct and performance have to be

synchronized through a holistic policy approach. The Agriculture in the district (as in the

state too) can‟t possibly achieve same growth as in the past without recognizing the role of

farmer‟s participatory approach for formulating strategies and finding solutions to new and

emerging problems. Similarly, globalization of trade has direct impact on agriculture

which offers new challenges and opportunities to the farmers of Reasi district. The

economic reforms and globalization coupled with other factors like fast urbanization,

rising incomes, changing food habits are paving the way for commercial farming and

subsidiary occupations. Food demand will go up not purely because of population rise but

also because of more requirement of cereals as animal feed. Reasi district is carved out of

Udhampur district in 2007. Although, this new Reasi district of Jammu & Kashmir has

achieved increase in productivity for different crops but still there is no reason to believe

that agriculture productivity cannot be raised further. New developments in organic

farming, approaches like integrated farming system and new technologies like resource

conservation with due emphasis on indigenous technical know-how will always help us to

face new challenges in agriculture development.

Keeping this in view the C-DAP of Reasi District is prepared on the basis of

primary and secondary data of the district for achieving sustainable agricultural growth

with improved farmers‟ income through participatory process involving stakeholders and

various organizations. By establishing strong linkages with required institutional support

services, the plan will ensure optimum utilization of scarce natural, physical and financial

resources.

1.2. Methodology

The C-DAP of a particular district has to be prepared according to the process and

methodology suggested by the Planning Commission, Government of India. The approach

followed in preparation of the document was necessarily of Participatory Appraisal mode.

The State department of Agriculture Reasi provided all necessary technical help to

planning units and support groups for preparation of this plan through participatory

4

bottom-up process. The Department with the help of specialists and resource persons

trained the Planning Units/ Groups in Participatory Rural Appraisal techniques, designed

formats for data collection, guided in data collection and analysis. The Department

conducted regular workshops and meetings and did hand holding where ever needed for

plan preparation.

The responsibility of preparing C-DAP of Reasi was given to SKUAST-Jammu

under the able guidance of Dr. K.S. Risam (Director Extension) and Dr. Pramod Baru

(Assoc. Director Ext. Education). The ground level work for collection of data and

preparation of report were assigned to Dr. Banarasi Lal (SMS, Agril. Ext. Education) and

other officers of the University. Consultations with farmers and officials of different

departments at different levels were done before proposing the plans and projects under

different streams.

An orientation workshop-cum-training programme was organized at SKUAST-

Kashmir for scientists, Subject Matter Specialists and department officers for Preparation

of C-DAP. The following specific aspects were covered in the programme.

Issues and challenges in Agriculture sector

Planning concepts and district Planning

Basic features and planning process of RKVY

Vision, methodology and process of preparing C-DAP

Participatory Rural Appraisal

Farming system approach

Farming situation based extension

Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), Integrated Pest Management (IPM),

Natural Resource Management (NRM), Human Resource Development (HRD),

Marketing and other important aspects.

1.3. Data collection and consultation:

The planning team, after receiving proper training, held wide consultations with

District/ Block/ Village Agriculture Planning Units of the district. Formal and informal

meetings with Agriculture and line departmental staff, ex-Panchayati Raj Institution‟s

members and farmers were conducted at different levels and collected secondary data and

related statistics needed for planning from different departments and other sources.

5

Primary Data: For in-depth farm/ village level study covering important aspects of

agriculture and allied fields, the district was divided into three distinctive Agro-eco-

situations (AESs) as was done for SREP preparation under ATMA Scheme. From each

AES already selected representative villages (Loran, Bufliaz, Chandak, Sanaei, Magnad

and Gulata) were revisited for collecting required information on modified semi-structured

schedules through PRA.

Con-current review and verification of data

The primary as well as secondary data collected was cross-checked through

triangulations and verified from information/ reports available with different government

departments and PRA based exercises. The District Plan, SREP, PLCP of district and

“Report of the core group on creation of employment in agriculture, food processing and

animal husbandry in J&K” prepared by MoA, GoI and other related documents/reports of

different departments were consulted for preparing the C-DAP. The planning team

conducted PRA in selected villages covering the whole gamut of farming operations

related to agriculture and allied activities being undertaken by the villagers. The team

visited the villages for two to three times to conduct this exercise. The planning team held

discussions with District Development Commissioner, Additional District Development

Commissioner, line departmental heads, and other prominent stake holders including

NGO,s.

Before meeting with the farmers for PRA

The schedule prescribed in the manual was modified based on the past experiences

and data requirement, then, PRA was conducted.

Important points for discussion include proposed change in the practices (of management,

varieties, site specific nutrient management, IPM, seed, soil health and allied activities).

For this purpose the Performa for Gram Panchayat given in C-DAP manual was modified

accordingly. The schedule was made simple and easy to understand.

The farmers meetings were ensured to be informal. They were encouraged to

participate, interact and make their own fair appraisals in meetings. Farmers were informed

about the objective of the meeting. The dialogue was started; the gap analysis and current

scenario regarding productivity, profitability and risk associated with different farming

systems were discussed and required information were collected.

6

The Junior Agriculture Extension officers (JAEOs) and Technical officials from

other line Departments working at village level held farmers meetings and sought their

views on preparing of plan, and the same were submitted to the District planning unit for

consideration while preparing plan.

The possible changes in the management practices targeted were-

Package of practices for different crops (including organic farming)

Crop establishment, plant population, seed rate etc.

Nutrient management, time, source, use of organic manure, vermicompost and

biofertilizer

Important pests based on economic importance including insects, diseases,

nematodes and weeds.

Farming system (s)

Farmers and planning team came to general agreement on what to do to fill the gap

on crops and allied activities.

Discussed about the proposed design, trials, Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs) and

other activities in a system approach keeping in view the following-

(i) Profitability and sustainability of cropping system.

(ii) Market infrastructure and marketing opportunities.

(iii) Custom hiring services and some of the policy issues related to subsidy.

(iv) Farmers‟ inability to invest in farming majority being to resource poor category.

(v) Work plan and activities for landless and resource poor farmers.

(vi) Feed-back regarding On-Farm and Off- Farm activities.

(vii) Subsidy component, crop insurance and cyclical assistance

(viii) Action plan

C-DAP Preparation

The planning team after proper inputs from BAPU, PAPU, Ex-PRI‟s

representatives, technical experts from Agriculture and allied sectors and other stake

holders prepared draft CDAP. The draft was discussed in the meeting of the governing

board of ATMA and other platforms also. The suggestions put forwarded were

incorporated and the final draft of C-DAP is being submitted.

7

CHAPTER II

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE DISTRICT

2.1. INTRODUCTION

Reasi district of Jammu division is the abode of Mata Vaishno Devi and endowed

with vast bio diversity and agro climatic diversity. Reasi is one of the oldest towns of the

state. It was the seat of the erstwhile Bhimgarh state, said to have been established by

Bhim Dev somewhere in 8th

century. It remained an independent principality till 1822

when Gulab Singh the then King of Jammu consolidated small states. Uptill 1948 Reasi

was a District of Jammu Province, but in the first administrative reorganization of the state

undertaken in 1948 major part of the then District Reasi was merged with District

Udhampur, while some areas became part of District Poonch [now Rajouri].

The sub division Reasi has been upgraded to the status of a District along with

seven other administrative units. The headquarter of district Reasi is situated at town

Reasi at a distance of about 72km. from Jammu. The district comprises of two agricultural

sub-divisions viz. Reasi and Arnas. These sub divisions have further been divided into two

blocks each (total four blocks). There are 255 villages and 14 urban wards in the district.

District Reasi has a total population of 2,47,694 people (2001 Census). Total

geographical area of the district is nearly 1700 Sq. Km. The primary occupation of the

people of Reasi is Agriculture and allied activities. Reasi is economically an under-

developed district. Various ethnic communities viz. Hindu, Dogra, Muslim Gujjars,

Muslim Kashmiri & Sikhs are the inhabitant of the district. Internationally renowned

places like Mata Vaishno Devi, Katra along with some historical places like Shiv Khori

Shrine, Dera Baba Banda Bahadur, Baba Aghar Jitto JI, Ziarat Baji Ismail Sahib etc. come

under Reasi Distt. and remain thronged with lot of tourists round the year. The prestigious

Salal Hydro Electric Project located at Jyotipuram, Shri Mata Vaishnno Devi University,

Katra and Cancer Hospital, Katra brings people from all over the country to this district.

The proposed train to Kashmir passes through this district and makes it an

important destination in the national atlas. The major cereal crops of Reasi District are

maize, wheat and rice. The other crops which have been making a significant impact on

8

the economy of the farmers are: Vegetables & Potato, Fodder, Pulses, and Oilseeds etc.

i. Map of the district - general map

Reasi district falls in the mid hill zone of J&K state. The general maps of Reasi

district are shown as below:

Figure 1. Map of the location of Reasi District in the State

9

Figure 2. Agricultural Map of District Reasi

10

Figure 3. Tehsil Map of District Reasi

11

Figure 4 Niabat Map of District Reasi

12

ii. General Statistics

Table 1: General Information

Particulars Number Unit

Population 2,47,694 Nos.

Male 1,31,783 Nos.

Female 1,15911 Nos.

Population density /sq. km 145 Nos.

%age of rural population to

total

93.51 %

No. of Tehsils 2 No.

No. of Blocks 4 No.

No. of Panchayats 147 No.

No. of villages 255 No.

Urban wards 14 No.

No. of agri. Sub-divisions 2 No.

No. of holdings 32718 No.

Area under holdings 39166 Ha

Average size of holding 1.2 Ha

Land Utilisation Statistics

The land utilization statistics of Reasi district available is presented in Table 2.

Table 2: Land Utilisation Statistics (Area in hectares)


Area according to Village Papers 275178 Ha

Area under Forests 68,778 Ha

Cultivated area 25480 Ha

Irrigated area 1907 Ha.

Un irrigated area 23573 Ha.

%age of irrigated area 9 %

13

iii. Crops/ Breeds/ fisheries, etc., activities in the district:

The activities going on in the Reasi district has been presented ad below:

Table 3: Status of Cropping System in Reasi District

S.

No

Crops Status

Area

Coverage (ha)

Prod

(MTs.)

Yield (Qtl./Ha)

1 Paddy 2800 9520.00 34

2 Maize 19800 75240.00 38

3 Wheat 14600 40880.00 28

4 Jowar/Bajra/Barley and others 600 900.00 15.0

5 Pulses 2050 1285.00 6

6 Oilseeds 2100 1050.00 5

7 Fodder 750 14100.00 275.0

8 Vegetables 930 7440.00 80

9 Floriculture/Aromatic/Medicina

l Plants

25 - -

2.2. District at a Glance

Reasi is located at a distance of 64 km from Jammu and is bounded by Tehsil Gool-

Gulabgarh in the north, Tehsil Sunderbani and Kalakote of District Rajouri in the west,

TehsilUdhampur in the east, Tehsils Jammu and Akhnoor of District Jammu on the

south. Reasi sub division has a population of 1,20,380 as per 2001 census with 25.57%

Muslims and Hindu majority. Climatically a major part of this Sub-Division falls in sub-

tropical zone and the rest in temperate zone. Summers are generally warm and winters cold

with snowfall on the high ridges. One of the most beautiful thing about Reasi is that in

summer the temperature of Reasi will be less than most of the districts in Jammu and in

winter its temperature will be higher than other districts in Jammu. so this makes Reasi

favourable for all kinds of people visiting there.

District Reasi has a total population of 2,47,694 people (2001 Census). Total geographical

area of the district is nearly 1700 Sq. Km. The primary occupation of the people of Reasi is

Agriculture and allied activities. The District is also rich in its flora & has a tremendous

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehsil

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunderbani

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalakote&action=edit&redlink=1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajouri

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udhampur

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhnoor

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu


14

potential of Horticulture fruits i.e. Citrus, Quince, Apple, mango, Guava, Apricot etc.

produced in different climatic conditions in the District. Reasi is economically an under-

developed district. Various ethnic communities viz. Hindu, Dogra, Muslim Gujjars,

Muslim Kashmiri & Sikhs are the inhabitant of the district.

2.2.1. Location and Geographical Units

The district lies between 33005” N Latitude and 74

050” E Longitude. The district

shares its boundaries with Udhampur district in South, Ramban in the East, Shopian of

Kashmir in North and Rajouri in West. The district is watershed of the River Chenab

and its tributaries (Ans, Rudd, Plassu, Banganga, Pai, Anji). Reasi district has

two tehsils viz., Reasi and Gool-Gulabgarh comprising 239 and 60 villages respectively.

This district consists of 4 blocks: Arnas, Mahore, Reasi and Pouni.[4]

Each block

consists of a number of panchayats.

Table 4: Geographical Information of Reasi district


No. of Tehsils 2 No.

No. of Blocks 4 No.

No. of Panchayats 147 No.

No. of villages 255 No.

Urban wards 14 No.

No. of agri. Sub-

divisions

2 No.

No. of holdings 32718 No.

Area under holdings 39166 Ha

Average size of

holding

1.2 Ha

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehsil


http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gool-Gulabgarh&action=edit&redlink=1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasi_district#cite_note-4

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panchayat

15

2.2.2. Demographic Profile

Table 5: Demographic profile of Reasi district


Population 2,47,694 Nos.

Male 1,31,783 Nos.

Female 1,15911 Nos.

Population density /sq. km 145 Nos.

%age of rural population to total 93.51 %

2.2.3. Topography and Agro Climatic Characteristics

The district is constituted of subtropical, intermediate and temperate zones.

The annual rainfall in the district is 1000 to 1100 mm. Mean max. and min.

temperature ranges between 35-40 c min. and 10-12 c respectively. The district is

having low productivity and low agri- input usage. Reasi district is spread over the

three main agro climatic zones:

The lower

The lower Hills of Katra, Panthal, Reasi, Pouni, Talwara fall in the subtropical belt

Higher Intermediate:

Higher intermediate zone comprises of Arnas, Kanthan, Thanpal, Judda, Dharmari

etc.

Higher Temperate:

This zone comprises of Buddan, Mahore, Chasana, Lar, Deval etc.

Agriculture is the primary occupation of the people of Reasi. Major crop comprises

of Maize followed by Wheat, Paddy, Oil Seeds, Pulses and Vegetables. The District is also

rich in its flora and has a tremendous potential of Horticultural fruits i.e. citrus, quince,

apple, mango,litchi,pomegranate, guava, apricot etc. are produced in different climatic

conditions.

The natural vegetation consists of trees, grasses and bushes.

Mean annual rainfall varies from 1000-1100mm with intensity ranging from the

drizzling to the torrential rain. Rainfall is heavy and well distributed from May-September,

16

July being the wettest. Rainfall is moderate in other months. Sometimes dry spell may

prevail from the month of Dec-March.

Large variation in agro climatic conditions at micro level is observed due to

mountainous terrain and high peaks in the district.

Among the four blocks of the district, Pouni block is agriculturally much better

than the rest of the blocks. Pouni covers quite a good area under irrigation and the farmers

of this block are very progressive. In Reasi block, because of the tourist hub (Vaishno

Devi) there is tremendous scope for floriculture, mushroom and vegetables. However, this

block is unable to cater the needs of this tourist place. Thus, there is quite an ample scope

for the farmers. The Mahore and Arnas block holds a very good potential for horticultural

crops especially temperate fruits like apple, peach, plum etc and sheep husbandry because

of the number of meadows present in the high altitude of the area.

2.2.4. Land Use pattern and Land holdings

The Land use pattern and status of landholdings of Poonch district has been

presented in Table 6 & Table 7.

Table 6: Land Use pattern of Reasi District


Area according to Village

Papers

275178 Ha

Area under Forests 68,778 Ha

Cultivated area 25480 Ha

Irrigated area 1907 Ha.

Un irrigated area 23573 Ha.

%age of irrigated area 9 %

Table 7: Status of Land Holdings in Reasi District

S. No. Particulars Unit Value

1. Holdings No. 48209

2. Area Hectares 66612

3. Average holding size Hectares 1.38

17

2.2.5. Irrigation and Ground water

Chenab, one of the major rivers of the country, flows through the District &

it is also a geographical boundary between Tehsil Reasi & Tehsil Mahore. Some of

the small rivers/rivulets also flow in the District, which finally merge into Chinab

are:-

a) Ans

b) Rudd

c) Plassu

d) Ban Ganga

e) Pai

f) Anj i

The renowned Salal Hydel Project is commissioned in this district. Out of the net

cultivated area of Reasi District (25,480 hectares), the area irrigated from all sources is 2293

hectares that is 9% of the net cultivated area. The district experiences the dry spell during the

winters and springs though it experiences heavy rainfall during other months of the year.

2.3. DEVELOPMENT VISION AND STRATEGY

The growth rate of agriculture is low in the country as compared to other sectors of

economy. The potential for growth of agriculture is quite high. The slow growth in

agriculture and allied sectors can lead to acute stress on the economy because large

population is dependent upon this sector. Major cause behind slow growth in agriculture is

the consistent decrease of investments in this sector. Public and Private investments are not

increasing in agriculture and allied sectors, leading to distress in farming community

especially that of small and marginal segment. The focus is on 4% growth rate in

Agriculture as 50% of work force depends upon agriculture for its livelihood.

Under RKVY, it is envisioned to achieve holistic growth of agriculture

and allied sectors, aiming at least a 4% growth in this primary sector so as to have

desired visual impact with focused attention. To put Reasi district on an accelerated

path of sustainable agricultural development by strengthening the production and

productivity of cereals, vegetable, cash crops and enterprises in a system approach

with market potential for increased farm incomes with special emphasis on:

18

Modern techniques in cultivation of fruits, vegetables and spices, their value

addition and marketing so as to double the per capita income by next decade.

Increasing farm income through animal component by emphasizing on stock

improvement and management practices

Developing farmer‟s preferred local landraces/varieties of field crops most suited

to the region.

Promoting brand value of organically produced local products

Priority setting for the district

Establishing, managing and usages of components of organic farming

Soil health improvement

Area expansion in fruits, vegetables, spices and flowers

Popularizing resource conserving technologies

Systematic shift from and/or integration of single crop enterprise to multiple

cropping and intercropping

Intensification of crop husbandry with vegetable and horticultural crops, animal

husbandry, mushroom cultivation and other non crop based farming

Bridging yield gaps of crops, animals and other enterprises

Human resource development of rural youths, farm women, other disadvantaged

groups and field staff

Promoting spirit of cooperation and self help through group dynamics amongst

farmers

Strengthening the extension system

Focus on market oriented agriculture

The paradigm shift from traditional farming towards market oriented

agriculture in the district is aimed at creating a diversifying farming system with the

high value component like floriculture, off season vegetables, vermicompost, and

apiculture with more market network. To achieve the second Green Revolution for

security of future generations and to attain the holistic growth rate of 4% in the 12th

Five Year Plan, the above mentioned priorities and thrust areas are targeted in the C-

DAP so as to realize the envisioned growth spectrum for the district.

19

CHAPTER-III

SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRICT

3.1. INTRODUCTION

To capitalize on the opportunities and to convert weaknesses into opportunities we

have to visualize an alternate agricultural scenario from present to twenty years hence. In

this endeavour, an in depth analysis of strength, weakness, opportunity and threats

(SWOT) was undertaken in a participatory manner to place the extension and technology

dissemination efforts in perspective so that success can be achieved in pursuit of serving

farming community. The shrinking land resources compelling all the people associated

with it to redeem their plan and policies to counter this shortcoming. Every area has its

merits and demerits. So, while planning one should have the strength, weaknesses,

opportunities and threats to a particular area so that comprehensive plan may be

formulated. As regarding Reasi district we have the following points which reflect the

strength of the district

3.2. A. SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRICT (FOCUS ON AGRICULTURE)

STRENGTH

As the district is having world famous shrine; The Vaishno Devi shrine there is

great market for fruit/vegetable/food/ processing products. Floriculture is also

having immense potential in the district.

The soils are well drained.

Provides good testing ground for executing dryland technology

Department of Agriculture is providing Hybrids & H.Y.V seeds of cereal crops

Less incidence of pest & disease attack

Have good scope for Apiculture development

Round the year cultivation of Mushroom possible because of three Agro-climatic

zones

Weaknesses

Shallow soils & steep slopes in vast area

Seed replacement rate of Hybrid and H.Y.V is not more than 10 %

Shortage of fertilizer during cropping season and imblanced use of fertilizers

20

Poor off-take of potassium fertilizers

Few farmers are using chemicals for management of pest and diseases

Plant geometry is not being properly followed or adopted

Youth migrating to urban areas in search of white collar jobs

Most of the precipitation occurs in monsoon season and very less rains in other

months

94% of the area is un-irrigated and totally dependent on rains

F.Y.M is not being properly decomposed

Rain water harvesting is not being properly maintained

The seed treatment rate is low

Opportunities

Area suitable for cereals like Maize & wheat

Soils are suitable for raising Horticulture , forest , bamboo & other multipurpose

plantation

Proper drainage system is necessary for safe disposal of excessive runoff which

could be utilized for Water harvesting by putting check dams, gully plugs and

bunds

Growing of pulses especially quality rajmash, virus free potato seed, aromatic and

medicinal plants, oilseeds, millets is suitable for dryland areas

Selective herbicides can be made available for control of weeds

Recommendations available for control of pests & diseases

Apiculture, mushroom, sericulture, floriculture can be taken up as additional

income generating schemes

Construction of W.H.T, harvesting structures for harvesting rain water

Good scope for lifting of water from perennial streams.

Threats

Excessive soil erosion due to steep slopes

Flash floods in Chenab River which cause erosion and damage to crops

Heavy rainfall in monsoon causes excessive soil erosion

Run-off water is one of the source of soil erosion

21

Local germplasm of maize, wheat, pulses, medicinal and herbal plants is at the

verge of extinction

Imbalanced use of fertilizer is deteriorating the soil health and productivity

Untimely weed control results in reduction in yield

Migration from villages to urban areas will increase socio-economic imbalance.

3.2. B. SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRICT (FOCUS ON ALLED SECTORS)

I) Horticulture Production

Strengths

i) Diverse climate for production of different quality of Sub tropical to temperate

fruits, vegetables and flowers

ii) High Market potential for horticultural produce in domestic and distant market

iii) Immense farmers interest in horticultural activities

Weaknesses

i) Small marketable surplus

ii) Low productivity

iii) Fragmented and small holdings

iv) Inadequate availability of quality seeds and planting material in time.

v) Lack of skilled workers

vi) Lack of proper knowledge of farmers on modern production, post harvest handling

and marketing practices.

vii) Absence of cold chain, storage and processing facilities at farmer‟s level

Opportunities

i) High demand of horticulture crop produces of the district

ii) Diversification of farming system towards horticulture

iii) Established and up-coming cold storage and processing units in and around the

district.

iv) Minimum support price for major horticultural produce

Threats

i) Lack of Post harvest management infrastructures

ii) Inaccessibility of remote areas to market centres

22

iii) Inefficient and less transparent marketing with monopoly of traders and multiple

level of intermediaries

iv) Wide fluctuation in prices

v) Lack of proper integration of horticulture with other agri allied

enterprises/commodities

II) Management of Natural Resources

Strengths

i) Rich bio-diversity

ii) Climate and soils suitable for growing quality horticultural crops.

Weaknesses

i) Degradation of soil fertility

ii) Infestation of weeds, insect-pest and disease complex.

iii) Lack of integrated approach on NRM, INM and IPM by the farmers.

Opportunities

i) Unexplored bio-diversity with respect to wild edible fruits, vegetables, medicinal

and aromatic crops.

ii) Bio-mass available from crop, farm residue & live stock for maintaining proper

soil health.

iii) Scope exists to tackle soil degradation through integrated approaches

Threats

i) Lack of proper soil and water testing (micro-nutrients and ground water quality)

facilities in the district.

ii) General ignorance, casual approach towards degrading soil fertility

iii) Improper drainage system

III) Animal Husbandry

Strengths

i) Presence of viable milk marketing network through private agencies and

individual milk traders.

ii) Ample marketing avenues of animal based products and by products in and around

the district.

23

iii) Government backed breed up-gradation and veterinary health services.

iv) Goat, cattle and Sheep rearing a popular enterprise among landless and poor

sections of society.

v) Traditional expertise in milk processing- kaladi / (cottage cheese) the traditional

high value milk byproduct.

vi) Well established Farmers-Market Linkage

Weakness

i) Infertility and delayed calving

ii) Repeat breeding, anoestrous and long calving interval

iii) Low milk yield in cows.

iv) Poor foundation stocks of backyard poultries

v) Lack of proper management and feeding practices.

vi) Low availability of quality fodder production round the year

vii) Non-availability of feed, medicines/vaccines and chicks

viii) Slackness on part of farmers in adoption of new technology

Opportunity

i) Huge gap between demand and supply of animal products

ii) Ample scope for bridging yield gaps

iii) Growing demand for milk and other animal based products offers ready markets

with higher returns and additional employment generation.

iv) Intervention on genetic resources of livestock for improvement in production

v) Intensive farming with increased animal component

vi) Conservation of local genotype

vii) Tremendous scope to raise on farm employment, income and increased availability

of organic manure

viii) Support to organic farming

ix) Development of Backyard and Commercial Poultry

Threats

i) Non descript poor graded bulls used for natural insemination.

ii) Shrinking pasture lands

iii) Threat of extinction of local breeds of Sheep and Cattle

24

iv) Random Breeding

v) Frequent occurrence of diseases

vi) Increase in fertility disorders

vii) Disease outbreak (even in far off places) causes the panic in consumers and

producers suffer on account of crash in markets especially of poultry.

IV) Management of Fisheries

Strengths

i) Suitable condition for trout farming in high altitude area

ii) Sufficient running water bodies

Weakness

i) Weak infrastructure for fish seed production and genetic up gradation.

ii) Lack of farmer oriented activities e.g. trainings, demonstrations, exposure visits,

awareness camps etc. to update farmers‟ practices of fish production and

management.

iii) Inadequate quality seed availability of high yielding fresh water fish

Opportunity

i) Demand for fish with easy market accessibility

ii) Immense scope for fish seed (fingerlings) production to cater the needs of fish

farmers of the state

iii) Ample scope for mobilizing untapped water resources for aquaculture.

iv) Integrated fish farming

Threats

i) Absence of any reputed centre/source of fish feed, fisheries management institute.

ii) Lack of post harvest management practices by farmers

iii) Poor facilities for soil and water sample testing, disease diagnosis and post harvest

infrastructures.

V) Sericulture

Strength

i. The production of cocoons is a short duration cash crop in shortest possible time of

25-30 days as compared to other crops which takes considerable time and inputs.

25

ii. No bi-product of rearing goes waste i.e. the mulberry twigs left out of rearing are

utilized as cooking fuel by the villagers thereby lowering pressure on forest wealth

for fuel purposes.

iii. The waste mulberry leaves left by worms are source for making compost and the

worms excreta is equal to vermi -compost which can be sold at the rate equal to

vermin- compost

iv. The silk cocoons are source of handsome income.

v. Green mulberry twigs and leaves can be mixed @ of 1-2 kgs. With fodder which is a

food supplement for cows and buffallows for fattening and increase in milk

production by 40-50%

vi. Assured cocoon auction markets being organized by the department of sericulture

where buyers from all over India are invited.

vii. High consumption of silk produce by domestic consumers of India and also high

potential for export of silk goods to earn foreign exchange

viii. High employment generation capability in rural areas to avoid migration of rural folk

to urban areas for earnings.

ix. Providing dignified employment opportunity to women inside the four walls of their

houses thereby saving them from out-doors exploitation.

x. Mulberry being deep rooted plants is useful for soil conservation on sloppy land

which are under threat of getting washed away in uncertain agro climatic conditions

prevalent due to global warming.

xi. J&K is the traditional producer of international grade bivoltine cocoons vested by

nature agro climatically.

Weaknesses

i. The uncertain rainfall during plantation season and afterwards causes low survival of

mulberry in the field.

ii. The mulberry plantation is done on the periphery of their cultivated land by the

farmers who set free cattle in between two crops of rabi and kharief and cause damage

to the mulberry even when there is abundant grass available for grazing in view of

great attraction for mulberry to all grazers ranging from sheep to buffallows. Even

monkeys are attracted toward newly sprouted leaves of mulberry in spring season.

26

iii. Lack of adequate space with farmers living in villages for production of bumper crops.

iv. Lack of space to switch over to modern method of rearing on latest technology

developed by researcher in sericulture.

v. Fluctuating rates of silk cocoons due to fluctuation in value of silk yarn in

international markets.

vi. Absence of silk textile sector in Jammu and Kashmir especially in Jammu which

otherwise has high potential for employment generation in silk reeling, twisting,

designing and weaving sectors on account of availability of silk cocoons.

vii. Presently the best quality silk cocoon goes from Jammu to Malda West Bengal. It is

processed on crude machines and silk yarn sold in Tamilnadu, Karantaka and Uttar-

Pradesh. The fabrics come from outside in J&K and are sold at high rates ranging

from Rs. 10,000/- to Rs. 1,00,000/- per unit in diversified product like Sari to Carpet.

Opportunities

i. The rural employment generation is on priority agenda of Central as well as state

government which can be generated by exploiting sericulture.

ii. Women empowerment is also the priority sector in India. Sericulture can give

dignified employment to rural women.

iii. Migration from rural to urban areas can be minimized by supporting rural people by

way of increasing their rearing potential as a result of support for increasing rearing

accommodation and rearing equipments which can lead them switch over to bi-or-

multicrop sericulture.

Threats

i. Low survival of mulberry under varied agro-climatic rain-fed conditions.

ii. Exposure of established mulberry plantation to stray cattle in between Kharif & Rabi

crops.

iii. Conduct of silkworm rearing in non-hygienic dwelling houses of farmers which leads

to out-break of silkworm diseases.

iv. Missing of larvae in farmers houses during Chawki Rearing.

v. Abrupt fluctuation of hygrothermic conditions during silkworm rearing period.

vi. Stunted growth of mulberry at farmers level due to lack of nourishment.

vii. Un-stability of cocoon and silk yarn prices.

27

3.3. ACCOMODATING SWOT- ADDRESSING ISSUES EMERGING OUT OF

THE ANALYSIS

1. Development of rainfed farming system by development of Dry-land Panchyats

(integrated farm models with cluster approach through demonstration of cropping

system, development of watershed areas, waste-lands, water harvesting tanks, roof-top

water harvesting and plasticulture etc.

2. Skill development and capacity building of Officers/Officials.

3. Farmers (Awareness programmes at village level).

4. Farmers‟ Field Schools.

5. Thrust on Ever Green Revolution for nutrition security and prosperity on sustainable

basis.

6. Diversification of farming system through eco-friendly, cost effective and sustainable

technologies.

7. Participatory Seed Production through Seed Villages and to increase seed replacement

rate of field crops from 10 to 33%.

8. Mushroom cultivation throughout the year by introduction of dhingri and milky

mushroom during off-season and under controlled conditions.

9. To increase honey production and pollination mechanism of cross pollinated crops by

thrusting Bee-keeping.

10. Marketing of produce by strengthening of market infrastructure.

11. Establishment of Village Knowledge Cetres and management of Agriculture

information System for comprehensive agriculture development.

12. Promotion of Organic farming.

13. Improvement of soil health.

14. Infrastructure development (Offices of Field Officers, Demonstration Centres etc.).

15. Agriculture mechanization through large and small power driven, bullock/manual

operated machinery and equipment.

16. Soil and Water Conservation, Bio-drainage, Sub-surface drainage, Check-dams and

other soil and water conservation structures.

17. Agro-forestry, Medicinal plantation, cultivation of spices.

18. Revival of traditional millets.

28

19. To improve productivity of cereals, millets, pulses and oilseeds.

20. Non-farm income generation activities i.e. Agri-Buisness Clubs etc.

21. Enhancement of Horticulture production

22. Improvement of animal husbandry, fisheries, poultry, sericulture and all other allied

activities.

23. The massive plantation of mulberry on government and proprietary land for

development of mulberry clusters to be taken up to make available the leaf in

abundance to utilize it for silkworm rearing besides other uses.

24. Human resource development improvement of mulberry cultivation to raise high

quality leaf yielding varieties and top working of Shahtoot on local varieties of

mulberry to produce mulberry fruits for commercial use both in rearing and as

Horticulture produce.

25. Production of mulberry plants as per the demand which is already high in field by way

of improving irrigation facilities and soil condition by construction of vermin-

compose trenches for production of vermi-composed to cater to the needs of mulberry

nurseries.

3.4. SECTORAL/REGIONAL GROWTH DRIVERS OF THE DISTRICT

1. Off season vegetables cultivation is one of the best option as the vast area of Reasi

spread over three agro-climatic regions viz; Subtropical, Intermediate and

Temperate.

2. Salubrious atmosphere for mulberry cultivation

3. Nomads (Gujjar, Bakerwal) population is one of the factor for rearing sheep, Goats,

Milch animals

4. Aromatic flower cultivation is best option because of agro-climatic cultivation

5. Favourable weather and scenic spots attract tourist from all over the country there

by creating scope for marketing of food crops, horticultural crops, flowers, honey,

mushroom, milk, milk products and bamboo products etc.

29

CHAPTER IV

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISTRICT

4.1. INTRODUCTION

Agriculture holds an important position in Indian economy with its roughly 14 %

share in Gross Domestic Product and employing around 60 % of the total work force. For

meeting its burgeoning requirement of population, the country will require to produce 320

million tonnes of food grains by 2025 from the current level of about 253 million tonnes.

The primary occupation of the people of Reasi is Agriculture and allied activities

and Reasi is economically an under-developed district. Internationally renowned places

like Mata Vaishno Devi, Katra along with some historical places like Shiv Khori Shrine,

Dera Baba Banda Bahadur, Baba Aghar Jitto JI, Ziarat Baji Ismail Sahib etc. come under

Reasi Distt. and remain thronged with lot of tourists round the year. Most of the agro-

based needs in these places are fulfilled through the import from nearby districts.

Therefore, there is a strong potential in Reasi district to fulfil the demands and gain profits.

The district has not made any impressive work in agri front but from last 10 years there is

some scientific agriculture activities started with the intervention of state department and

agri university and credit of this should go to several small and marginal farmer families,

which are the back bone of the district agri and economy. During the last 10 yrs the

increase in production resulted from gain in yield, expansion of cultivated area and

increased agri productivity. The Natural resource base of land , water and biodiversity is

the main strength of the region, so vast in uncommon opportunities to harness agri

potential still remain which can be rapped to achieve further targets. There is various gap

both in yield potential and technology transfer as the district avg. most of the commodities

are below which if addressed properly could be harnessed. Concentration must be on

enhancing production of few commodities like wheat, maize, sorghum, further increase in

the production of cereals and non cereals agri commodities will have to be essentially

achieved through increase in productivity as well as possibilities of expansion of area.

Farmer must be provided the necessary support, encouragement and incentives it must

focus both in income and greater on farm and off farm job and livelihood opportunities.

30

4.2. LAND USE

The area of Reasi District according to village papers is about 2, 75,178 hectares.

The net cultivated area of Reasi District is about 25,480 hectares. The area irrigated from

all sources is 2293 hectares that is 9% of the net cultivated area.

The climate ranges from high altitude temperate to subtropical type. Thus,

cultivation of different crops is possible. Double cropping is already practiced in a large

portion of the cultivated area and even triple cropping is being followed in areas where

vegetables, fodder, potato, summer pulses (Moong), toria and other short duration crops are

grown. The cropping intensity of the district is around 218 %.

4.3. SOIL HEALTH

The soils of the Reasi district are neutral to slightly acidic in nature, well drained and

low in NP and K. To study the soils of Reasi Distt. following factors are to be considered

as the basics for cultivation of Agronomical and Horticultural crops in the area.

1. Agro-Ecological Zones: The state of J&K has been divided into nine Agro Ecological

Zones, based on rainfall, potential evaportranspiration, actual evaportranspiration,

Length of growing period‟s soils, and physiography out of nine Agro ecological zones,

District Reasi comprises following Agro Ecological Zones.

a) Western Jammu Himalayas, warm moist sub humid with (LGP) Length of

Growing period 210-270 days: It is in higher reaches of District Reasi, Hilly areas

around river Chenab, Area above Salal Project as Panasa, Dharmari, Arnas and

Mahore

b) Jammu Shivaliks, Hot Sub-humid with (LGP) of 270-300 days: This comprises

the major area of the Distt. Reasi bordering Distt. Jammu. It includes Katra,

Painthal, Aghar Jitto, Karua, Babber, Seela-Panassa, Reasi proper and Aghar

Ballian.

2. Rocks/soil Parent material in Distt. Reasi: Major portion of the Distt. Reasi

comprises of sandstone, shale and Conglomerte.

3. Soil particle size: In major portion of the Distt. Reasi soil is Coarse loamy to fine

loamy throughout the Distt.

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4. Soil Depth: In whole Distt. the soils are medium deep. On lower reaches of Distt. in

some pockets of Reasi, there are deep soils, where as in higher reaches of Mahore,

some pockets have shallow soils.

5. Soil drainage: Major portion are almost well drained soils. On higher reaches on hills,

soils are somewhat excessively drained.

6. Soil slope: In Reasi proper, Aghar Jitto, Karua, Babber, Seela, Panasa, Aghar Ballian

have somewhat gentle slopes. Higher reaches have moderate to steep slopes.

The natural resource inventory of Reasi district has been presented as below:

Table 8: Natural Resource Inventory of soil

S.

No

CHARACTERISTICS

*

REASI

1. Order Inceptisols

2. Sub-order Ochrepts

3. Great-group Eutrochrepts

4. Sub-group Dystric Eutrochrepts

5. Geology Bedded, tuff, ash and lava

6. Landform Type Piedmont Plain

7. Climatic Zone Intermediate Zone

8 Soil Depth Medium deep

9. Drainage Well drained

10 Texture Coarse loamy soils

11 Land Use Capability

Class

Dominant Class – V

Sub-dominant Class – IV

12 Fertility Status Organic Carbon: Medium

P2O5: Low

K2O: Low

13 Soil Erosion Moderate to severe

erosion

14 Slope Moderately steep slope

15 Ph Neutral to slightly acidic

16 Water Holding Capacity Moderate

* Dominant characteristics as per the master resource and thematic maps published by the

National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, Nagpur vide survey conducted by

the Soil Survey Organization of State Department of Agriculture, Jammu & Kashmir in

collaboration with N.B.S.S. and L.U.P., New Delhi.

32

4.4. WATER RESOURCES AND MANAGEMENT

The district is watershed of the River Chenab and its tributaries (Ans, Rudd, Plassu,

Banganga, Pai, Anji). The renowned Salal Hydel Project is commissioned in this district.

Out of the net cultivated area of Reasi District (25,480 hectares), the area irrigated from all

sources is 2293 hectares that is 9% of the net cultivated area. The district experiences the

dry spell during the winters and springs though it experiences heavy rainfall during other

months of the year. For life saving irrigation and drinking water for human being and

livestock during lean period, water harvesting from surface runoff, perennial water sources

and roof water has been proved to be the suited technology for the district.

4.5. MAJOR CROP & VARIETIES GROWN IN DISTRICT REASI

The major cereal crops of Reasi District are maize (19800 ha), wheat (14600 ha)

and paddy (2800 ha). The other crops which have been making a significant impact on the

economy of the farmers are: Vegetables & Potato (400 ha in Kharif & 300 ha in Rabi

Seasons), Fodder (300 ha In Kharif & 450 ha In Rabi), Pulses (1250 ha in Kharif & 800 ha

in Rabi),Oilseeds (500 ha, mainly Sesamum in Kharif and 1600 ha, mainly mustarad &

Gobhi Sarson in Rabi). Bajra is cultivated in an area of about 200 ha. Condiments, Spices,

Sugarcane, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants are also grown to a limited but economically

significant extent. Mushroom cultivation, vegetable cultivation, floriculture and sericulture

have picked up in recent years due to the intensive effort of the Deptt. of Agriculture, KVK

& financial support from various agencies.

Some farmers have become role models for others in various agricultural

enterprises and innovations and other farmers adopt the technologies after seeing the

demonstrations at their fields. The major crops and their varieties grown in Reasi district

has been presented in Table.

Table 9: Crops and varieties of important agriculture crops

Crops Varieties

Paddy K-448 PC-19, giza

Maize GS-2, Kanchan series(612,517,etc.)

Wheat PBW-175,PBW-343,PBW-373,PBW396,

HS-240, Raj-3077, Raj-3765, Sonalika

Rapeseed & Mustard Pusa bold, RLM- , KOS-1, KOS-101

Urd & Rajmash Mash-PU-19, Uttara, ML-131, Rajmash-local

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4.6. INPUT MANAGEMENT

In the face of rising cost of inputs, declining factor productivity and diminishing

farm profitability emphasis will have to be on the efficient and judicious use of improved

seeds, integrated nutrient management, integrated weed and pest management to accelerate

agricultural growth. At present, there exists a big gap between the actual yield and the

attainable/ potential yield of the crops in the district. Proper input management is

imperative to fill this gap. One of the most critical inputs is quality seed. Another related

aspect is of seed availability which is badly affected by infrastructural non-availability and

any large seed production involving farmers in the district. The government agencies

assure the supply of different quality seeds during each season but the demand for quality

seed always remain more than its supply especially through Government agencies. In a

Distt. like Reasi which is already an under-developed Distt. the participation of the Private

sector in the input supply (quality seeds as well as plant protection chemicals) is almost

negligible. The farmers are still using their own seed which is old and has lost its genetic

purity there by resulting in reduced yields over the years. It is now our utmost task to

provide high yielding/hybrid seed of suitable varieties for getting higher and sustainable

yields. The private sector should be welcomed in this area to ensure availability of quality

seed and increased seed replacement rate. The availability of seed and its enhanced

replacement rate can be ensured by involving farmers in seed production process on a

large scale with active help from public and private sector. Farmers participatory seed

production programmes, extension activities and varietals demonstrations etc. are being

proposed for management of this prime input. Keeping all this in mind a project has also

been framed to provide assistance for making available the Hybrid / certified / high

yielding seeds of various crops to the farmers.

The crop diseases, pests and weeds are other major problems in realizing

optimum yield for all major crops in the district. The scrutiny of insect- pest, diseases and

weed control measures being adopted by the farmers reveal gross negligence on part of

farmers. The improper management of these control measures often results in to increased

cost of cultivation without corresponding increase in yield and quality, increased resistance

and soil and water contaminations. Due to shift in the farming system to organic one,

urgent steps are required to be taken for promoting organic package of practices.

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4.7. FARM MECHANISATION/ FARM EQUIPMENTS

The use of mechanical power is becoming indispensable for making an optimal use

of other resources and timely completion of various farm operations. Due to sloppy and

undulated land, farm mechanization is one of the difficult prospects for the Reasi Distt.

However, power operated machines can be introduced in the farming system. To meet the

future demand of agricultural machinery (especially the costly one) it should be

substantially cheap and affordable for even small farmers either by purchase or by custom

hiring. A Processing and storage facility in the district is nil. Therefore, the facilities for

processing of seeds, grading, drying and safe storage are needed in the district.

4.8. SPECIAL PROJECTS/ PROGRAMMES ON- GOING IN THE DISTRICT

The details of the schemes being run in the Reasi district are mentioned below:

Table 10: List of On-going Schemes in District Reasi

SCHEMES IN AGRICULTURE

S. No. Name of the scheme Sector

1. National Food Security Mission (NFSM)

2. National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET) under

ATMA

a. Sub Mission on Agricultural Extension

Central b. Sub Mission on Seed and Planting material

c. Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization

d. Sub Mission on Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine

3. National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)

4. National Bamboo Mission (NBM) Central

5. Land Development State

6. ISOPOM Maize Central

7 NAIS Central

8 Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) Central

9 Krishi Vigyan Kendra Central

10 National e-Governance Plan -Agriculture [NeGP-A] Central

11 AGRISNET Project Central

12 Scheme on Organic Farming Central

13 Biogas Development Programmes Central

14 Kisan Call Centre Central

15 Mass Media Support to Agriculture Extension Central

35

National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET):

Agricultural Technology, including the adoption/ promotion of critical inputs, and

improved agronomic practices were being disseminated under 17 different schemes of the

Department of Agriculture & Cooperation during the 11th Plan. The Modified Extension

Reforms Scheme was introduced in 2010 with the objective of strengthening the extension

machinery and utilizing it for synergizing the interventions under these schemes under the

umbrella of Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMA). NMAET has been

envisaged as the next step towards this objective through the amalgamation of these

schemes. National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET) consists

of 4 Sub Missions: (i) Sub Mission on Agricultural Extension (SMAE) (ii) Sub-Mission on

Seed and Planting Material (SMSP) (iii) Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization

(SMAM) (iv)Sub Mission on Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine (SMPP).

SUPPORT TO STATE EXTENSION PROGRAMMES FOR EXTENSION

REFORMS (ATMA):

This programme is a major initiative towards revitalizing agricultural extension to

make the extension system decentralized and demand driven. The scheme has been

conceptualized on the basis of the policy framework for agricultural extension and

experiences with the innovations in the technology dissemination component of the

National Technology Project . Following key reforms are being promoted under the

scheme; 1. Providing innovative restructured autonomous bodies at the district level

(Agriculture Technology Management Agency) and at block level (Farmers Advisory

Committee, Block Technology Team), which are flexible, promote bottom up and

participatory approaches, are farmer driven and facilitate public-private partnership. 2.

Convergence of line departments' programmes and operating on gap filling mode by

formulating Strategic Research and Extension Plan (SREP) and Annual Work Plans. 3.

Encouraging Multi-agency Extension Strategies involving inter-alia public/private

extension service providers. 4. Moving towards integrated, broad-based extension delivery

in the line with farming systems approach. 5. Adopting Group approach to extension

(Operating through Farmer interest Groups (FIGs) & Self Help Groups (SHGs). 6.

Addressing gender concerns (mobilizing farm women into groups, capacity building etc.)

7. Moving towards sustainability of extension services (e.g. through beneficiary

36

contribution). One of the first tasks of the district level institutions is to facilitate the

preparation of a Strategic Research and Extension Plan (SREP) of the district through

participatory methodologies involving all the stakeholders and farmers. SREP becomes the

basis for development of Block/District level plans. State Extension Work Plan is

developed at the State level and it contains a consolidated activity-wise plan incorporating

all the District Action Plans (DAPs) in the State and the State Level activities. In the year

2013-14, Rupees 1132.85 lacs were spent. For 2014-15 approved work plan is Rs. 2236.74

lacs. All districts have now been covered under this scheme. (ii) Sub-Mission on Seed and

Planting Material (SMSP) : Adoption of quality seeds is the most cost effective means for

increasing agricultural production and productivity. The interventions included in the Sub-

Mission ATMA GUIDELINES, 2014 will cover the entire gamut of seed chain from

nucleus seed to supply to farmers for sowing and also to the major stakeholders in the seed

chain and also provide for support for infrastructure to create an enabling environment for

development of the Sector. SMSP also envisages strengthening of Protection of Plant

Varieties and Farmers' Rights Authority (PPV&FRA) in order to put in place an effective

system for protection of plant varieties, rights of farmers and plant breeders and to

encourage development of new varieties of plants. Till date, Government of India has

allocated funds to the tune of Rs 89 lakh during 2014-15 under this programme. (iii) Sub

Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM): There is a strong correlation between

farm power availability & Agriculture productivity. Therefore, sub Mission on Agricultural

Mechanization will focus on farm mechanization. The Sub-Mission will mainly cater to the

needs of the small and marginal farmers through institutional arrangements such as custom

hiring, mechanization of selected villages, subsidy for procurement of machines &

equipments, etc. Government of India has allocated funds to the tune of Rs. 65 lakhs

during 2014-15 under this Sub-Mission. (iv) Sub Mission on Plant Protection and Plant

Quarantine (SMPP): Sub-Mission on Plant Protection included in NMAET envisages

increase in agricultural production by keeping the crop disease free using scientific and

environment friendly techniques through promotion of Integrated Pest Management.

Strengthening and Modernization of Pest Management Approach aims at this vital aspect

of Plant Protection and also covers regulatory requirements of pesticides. The component

on Strengthening & Modernization of Plant Quarantine facilities in India is regulatory in

37

nature with the aim of preventing introduction and spread of exotic pests that are harmful

to crops by regulating/restricting import of plant/plant products. Monitoring pesticide

residues in food commodities and environmental samples is also included in this Sub-

Mission. The component on National Institute of Plant Health Management (NIPHM) will

promote environmentally sustainable Plant Health Management practices in diverse and

changing agro-climatic conditions, pesticide management, and Bio-security through

capacity building programmes. Farmers' skill trainings and field extension as contained in

all 4 Sub Missions of NMAET (Viz. SMSP, SMAE, SMAM and SMPP) will be converged

with similar farmer related activities going on through ATMA. Five tiered modes of

extension carried out in broadcast or interactive electronic modes will also cut across

extension activities in all the four Sub Missions.

ILLUSTRATIVE LIST OF FARMER CENTRIC TRAININGS AND FIELD

EXTENSION

SMSP SMAE SMAM SMPP

Seed

Village

Programme

Farm Schools,

Demo

Plots, Trainings,

Exposure Visits

Capacity Building by

Institutions identified

by the State

Government

Pest Monitoring

(including Pest

Scouts), FFSs, IPM

Training to Farmers

2. Mass Media Support to Agriculture Extension (100% CSS):

The primary objective of the scheme is to use television and radio with their

massive penetration, as a vehicle for agricultural extension. Basically, the scheme is

focusing on two initiatives: Doordarshan: The first is use of Doordarshan for infrastructure

for providing agricultural related information and knowledge to farming community. It has

two components (i) narrowcasting using high/low transmitters of Doordarshan (ii) regional

and national agricultural programmes in terrestrial mode of transmission. Presently,

Doordarshan Shimla is telecasting Krishi Darshan programme between 6.00 PM to 6.30

PM five days in a week. All India Radio: This component of scheme envisages use of FM

transmitters of AIR to broadcast area specific agricultural programmes with 30 minutes

radio transmission six days a week. Presently, half an hour, Kisanvani programme is being

broadcast, six days a week from FM Dharamshala and Hamirpur.

38

3. Kisan Call Centre: Mass Media Support to Agriculture Extension

Under this, farmers can get any information on agriculture by dialling toll free

number 1800-180-1551 or 1551. The service is available from 6.00 AM to 10.00 PM on all

days. This is 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme.

4. Crop Insurance Schemes:

RASHTRIYA KRISHI BIMA YOJNA (RKBY): The State Govt. has introduced

this scheme from Rabi, 1999-2000 season. Crops covered are Wheat, Barley, Maize,

Paddy, Potato and Ginger. 50% subsidy on premium is being provided to small and

marginal farmers. The scheme is compulsory for loanee farmers and optional for non-

loanee farmers. The scheme provides comprehensive risks insurance against yield losses

viz. drought, hailstorm, floods and pests disease etc. The Agriculture Insurance Co. of

India (AICI) is implementing the scheme. a) Objectives: 1. To provide insurance coverage

and financial support to the farmers in the event of failure of any of the notified crop as a

result of natural calamities, pests & diseases. 2. To encourage the farmers to adopt

progressive farming practices, high value in-puts and higher technology in Agriculture. 3.

To help stabilise farm incomes, particularly in disaster years. b) Farmers to be covered:

The Scheme covers following groups of farmers: On a compulsory basis: All farmers

growing notified crops and availing Seasonal Agricultural Operations (SAO) loans from

Financial Institutions i.e. Loanee Farmers. On a voluntary basis: All other farmers growing

notified crops (i.e., Non-Loanee farmers) who opt for the Scheme. c) Risks Covered:

Comprehensive risk insurance will be provided to cover yield losses due to non-

preventable risks, viz.: 1. Natural Fire and Lightning 2. Storm, Hailstorm, Cyclone,

Typhoon, Tempest, Hurricane, Tornado etc. 3. Flood, Inundation and Landslide 4.

Drought, Dry spells 5. Pests/Diseases etc. d) Seasonality Discipline: The broad cut-off

dates for receipt of proposals in respect of Non-loanee farmers will be as under: Kharif

season : 31st July Rabi season : 31st December However, seasonality discipline may be

modified, if and where necessary in consultation with State / UT and the Govt. of India.

39

5. Biogas Development Programmes (100%):

This is 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme under which subsidy @ Rs.7000 per

biogas plant of one cubic meter and Rs.11,000/- per biogas plant of two & above cubic

meter capacity is being provided.

6. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY) (100%CSS):

Concerned by the slow growth in Agriculture and allied sectors, the Government of

India has launched a special Additional Central Assistance Scheme Rashtriya Krishi Vikas

Yojna (RKVY). The RKVY aims at achieving 4% annual growth in the agriculture sector

during the XI Plan period, by ensuring a holistic development of Agriculture and allied

sectors. The scheme is being implemented in the State to achieve envisaged annual growth

rate. This scheme has also been continued by the Govt. of India during 12th Plan. a).

Objectives of the scheme: I. To incentives the states as so as to increase public investment

in Agriculture and allied sectors, II. To provides flexibility and autonomy to states in the

process of planning and executing Agriculture and allied sector schemes, III. To ensure the

preparation of agriculture plans for the districts and the states based on agro-climatic

conditions, availability of technology and natural resources, IV. To ensure that the local

needs/ crops/ priorities are better reflected in the agricultural plans of the states, V. To

achieve the goal of reducing the yield gaps in important crops, through focused

interventions, VI. To maximize returns to the farmers in Agriculture and allied sectors,

VII. To bring about quantifiable changes in the production and productivity of various

components in Agriculture and allied sectors by addressing them in a holistic manner. b).

Area of Focus under RKVY: I. Integrated development of major food crops such as wheat,

paddy, coarse cereals, minor millets, pulses & oilseeds. II. Activities related to

enhancement of soil health and mechanization. III. Development of rain fed farming

systems in and outside watershed areas. IV. Support to state seed farms and IPM. V.

Strengthening of market infrastructure and marketing development. VI. Strengthening of

infrastructure to promote extension services. VII. Activities relating to enhancement of

horticultural production and popularization of micro irrigation systems. VIII. Animal

husbandry and fisheries development activities. IX. Organic and bio-fertilizers and

innovative schemes.

40

7. National Food Security Mission (NFSM):

The National Food Security Mission is a centrally sponsored scheme has been

launched in 2007. Objectives of this scheme: a. Increasing production of rice and pulses

through area expansion and productivity enhancement in a sustainable manner in a

identified district of the State. b. Restoring soil fertility and productivity at the individual

farm level. c. Creation of employment opportunities. d. Enhancing farm level economy i.e.

farm profits to restore the confidence among the farmers.

8. Organic Farming:

Organic agriculture is a holistic production management system which promotes

and enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil

biological activity. Its emphasis is on the use of management practices in preference to the

use of off-farm inputs, taking into account that regional conditions require locally adapted

systems. This is accomplished by using, where possible, cultural, biological and

mechanical methods, as opposed to using synthetic material, to fulfill any specific function

within the system. The State of Jammu & Kashmir has started taking steady strides

towards the promotion of organic farming. There is an increasing awareness about organic

agriculture practices in the state. Besides, most of the remote and inaccessible areas are

still continuing with the traditional methods of crop production using organic manures as

the only source of the nutrients. It includes all the agricultural production systems that

promote environmentally, socially and economically sound production of food and fibers.

In this system soil fertility is the key to successful production. Organic farming aims to

optimize quality in all aspects of agriculture by taking into consideration the natural

capacity of plants, animals and the land. It emphasizes on the health of agricultural

ecosystem and prohibits the use of synthetic herbicides and pesticides, genetically

modified organisms, synthetic fertilizers in crop production and hormones and antibiotics

in livestock production. It respects the law of nature to increase yields and disease

resistance. Organic farming requires a high level of farm management skills and require

use of vide variety of resources to solve the problems. The organic farming focuses on; "

Maximize biological activity in soils " Maintain long term soil health and minimize soil

erosion " Enhance the genetic and biological system and its surroundings " Provide

livestock with optimal living conditions for well being and better health " Recycling of

41

materials of plant and animal origins, nutrients to the land (soil and minimize the use of

non renewable resources " Promotion of environmentally friendly use of soil, water and air

thus minimizing agricultural pollution Fertility management in different types of soils is

very crucial and critical to increase the productivity under organic farming. Fertility

management encompasses application and addition of nutrients supplying materials, which

include chemical fertilizers, organic manures and other ameliorants. Efficacy of added

materials depends on several factors like structure of soil, drainage and tilth etc. It has been

found that continuous use of chemical fertilizers has lead to several problems in hill soils

i.e. reduction in pH, deficiency of secondary and micro nutrients and reduced biological

activity. It is tradition in hills to add organic manures in the soils which also supplement

nutrition and also improves physical and biological properties of soils. Practice of

incorporation of organic manure is very good, but farmers usually add partially

decomposed biomass, which account for immobilization of available nutrients in soil

particularly Nitrogen and also it is the chief source of insects attack, fungal and weed

infestation. The most challenging time in the organic farming system is the transition phase

as the farmer switch from conventional to organic agriculture. Organic farming tends to

have lower cost of production than conventional farming, as less emphasis on purchased

inputs. Similarly, the net income from organic farming appears to be slightly higher than

the conventional farming. In general, the expenses are lower and the income is higher (due

to price premium). Keeping in view importance and scope of Organic Farming, the

Government has already notified the policy for its adoption and fulfillment of need based

organic farming policy objectives.

9. National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA):

Sustaining agricultural productivity depends on quality and availability of natural

resources like soil and water. Agricultural growth can be sustained by promoting

conservation and sustainable use of these scarce natural resources through appropriate

location specific measures. Indian agriculture remains predominantly rainfed covering

about 60% of the country's net sown area and accounts for 40% of the total food

production. Thus, conservation of natural resources in conjunction with development of

rainfed agriculture holds the key to meet burgeoning demands for foodgrain in the country.

Towards this end, National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) has been

42

formulated for enhancing agricultural productivity especially in rainfed areas focusing on

integrated farming, water use efficiency, soil health management and synergizing resource

conservation. NMSA will cater to key dimensions of 'Water use efficiency', 'Nutrient

Management' and 'Livelihood diversification' through adoption of sustainable development

pathway by progressively shifting to environmental friendly technologies, adoption of

energy efficient equipments, conservation of natural resources, integrated farming, etc.

Besides, NMSA aims at promoting location specific improved agronomic practices

through soil health management, enhanced water use efficiency, judicious use of

chemicals, crop diversification, progressive adoption of crop-livestock farming systems

and integrated approaches like crop-sericulture, agro-forestry, fish farming, etc. NMSA

will have following objectives: 1. To make agriculture more productive, sustainable,

remunerative and climate resilient by promoting location specific Integrated/Composite

Farming Systems; 2. To conserve natural resources through appropriate soil and moisture

conservation measures; 3. To adopt comprehensive soil health management practices based

on soil fertility maps, soil test based application of macro & micro nutrients, judicious use

of fertilizers etc.; 4. To optimize utilization of water resources through efficient water

management to expand coverage for achieving 'more crop per drop'; 5. To develop

capacity of farmers & stakeholders, in conjunction with other on-going Missions e.g.

National Mission on Agriculture Extension & Technology, National Food Security

Mission, National Initiative for Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) etc., in the domain

of climate change adaptation and mitigation measures; 6. To pilot models in select blocks

for improving productivity of rainfed farming by mainstreaming rainfed technologies

refined through NICRA and by leveraging resources from other schemes/Missions like

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS),

Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP), RKVY etc.; and 7. To establish

an effective inter and intra Departmental/Ministerial co-ordination for accomplishing key

deliverables of National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture under the aegis of NAPCC.

NMSA has following four (4) major programme components or activities: (i) Rainfed Area

Development (RAD): RAD will adopt an area based approach for development and

conservation of natural resources along with farming systems. This component has been

formulated in a 'watershed plus framework', i.e., to explore potential utilization of natural

43

resources base/assets available/created through watershed development and soil

conservation activities /interventions under MGNREGS, NWDPRA, RVP&FPR, RKVY,

IWMP etc.. This component will introduce appropriate farming systems by integrating

multiple components of agriculture such as crops, horticulture, livestock, fishery, forestry

with agro based income generating activities and value addition. Besides, soil test/soil

health card based nutrient management practices, farmland development, resource

conservation and crop selection conducive to local agro climatic condition will also be

promoted under this component. A cluster based approach of 100 hectare or more

(contiguous or non contiguous in difficult terrain with close proximity in a

village/adjoining villages) may be adopted to derive noticeable impact of convergence and

encourage local participation and for future replication of the model in larger areas.

Supplementary support from this component will be admissible for gap-filling resource

conservation activities under converging programmes. RAD clusters should have soil

analysis/soil health card/soil survey maps to justify the interventions prposed and at least

25% of the farming system area will have to be covered under On Farm Water

Management. Farming Systems recommended by ICAR's Contingency Plans and

successful findings of NICRA projects shall also be considered in development of

integrated project plan. Besides, creation and development of common property

resources/assets/utilities like grain bank, biomass shredders, fodder bank, group marketing

etc. will be encouraged under this component. Government of India has allocated funds to

the tune of Rs. 4.0 crores during 2014-15 under this component. (ii) On Farm Water

Management (OFWM): OFWM will focus primarily on enhancing water use efficiency by

promoting efficient on-farm water management technologies and equipment. This will not

only focus on application efficiency but, in conjunction with RAD component, also will

emphasize on effective harvesting & management of rainwater. Assistance will be

extended for adopting water conservation technologies, efficient delivery and distribution

systems etc. Emphasis will also be given to manage and equitably distribute the resources

of commons by involving the water users associations, etc.. To conserve water on farm

itself, farm ponds may be dug using MGNREGA funds and earth moving machinery (to

the extent manual digging under MGNREGA is not feasible) Government of India has

allocated funds to the tune of Rs 625.50 lakhs during 2014-15 under this component. (iii)

44

Soil Health Management (SHM): SHM will aim at promoting location as well as crop

specific sustainable soil health management including residue management, organic

farming practices by way of creating and linking soil fertility maps with macro-micro

nutrient management, appropriate land use based on land capability, judicious application

of fertilizers and minimizing the soil erosion/degradation. Assistance will be provided for

various improved package of practices based on land use and soil characteristics, generated

through geographical information system (GIS) based thematic maps and database on land

and soil characteristics through extensive field level scientific surveys. Besides, this

component will also provide support to reclamation of problem soils (acid/alkaline/saline).

This component will be implemented by State Govt., National Centre of Organic Farming

(NCOF), Central Fertilizer Quality Control & Training Institute (CFQC&TI) and Soil and

Land Use Survey of India (SLUSI). Given the limitations, such as staff and infrastructure,

faced by the department of agriculture at the field level, a Public Private Partnership Model

may be adopted by states depending upon the private partner's strength in the field to

ensure that the soil testing is done in time and in the numbers required. The private parties

can be encouraged to set up soil testing labs in selected areas in the district. Government of

India has allocated funds to the tune of Rs. 47.50 lakh during 2014-15 under this

component. (iv)Climate Change and Sustainable Agriculture: CCSAMMN will provide

creation and bidirectional (land/farmers to research/scientific establishments and vice

versa) dissemination of climate change related information and knowledge by way of

piloting climate change adaptation/mitigation research/model projects in the domain of

climate smart sustainable management practices and integrated farming system suitable to

local agro-climatic conditions. The dedicated expert teams of technical personnel will be

institutionalised within NMSA to rigorously monitor and evaluate the mission activities

thrice in a year and will inform the National Committee. A consortium approach will be

evolved with various stake holders including knowledge partners like State Agricultural

Universities (SAUs), Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), Indian Council of Agricultural

Research (ICAR) Institutes etc. by the State Government to provide single window

service/knowledge provider system for the benefit of farming community. Financial

support may be provided through States to institutionalize the concept and meeting

supplementary developmental activities. Climate change related monitoring, feedback,

45

knowledge networking and skill development will also be supported under this component

through State Agricultural Universities, ICAR Institutes National/International Institutes,

KVKs, Public/Private R&D Organizations etc. Awarding of Studies, Documentation &

Publication, Domestic and Foreign Training, Workshops/Conferences etc. will be

supported under this component.

10. AGRISNET Project:

The Government of India has launched a Central sector scheme titled

"Strengthening of/ promoting agricultural informatics and communications" of which one

component is AGRISNET [Agricultural Resources Information System network] .This

envisages that the tools of ICT would provide networking of agriculture sector not only in

the country but globally and the state government department will have reservoir of

database. It will bring farmers, researchers, scientists and administrators together by

establishing Agriculture information online.

11. National e-Governance Plan -Agriculture [NeGP-A]:

Government of India has started a centrally sponsored scheme [CSS] "National e-

Governance Plan -Agriculture [NeGP-A] in Department of Agriculture and Co-operation

with outlay of Rs. 227.79 Crores. The vision behind the project is to create an environment

conducive for raising farm productivity and income to global levels through provision of

relevant information and services to stakeholders. Various IT initiatives/schemes

undertaken or implemented by DAC which are aimed at providing information to the

farmers on various activities in agriculture value chain, will be integrated, so that farmers

are able to make proper and timely use of available information. The information is

intended to be provided to farmers through various channels including common service

centres, internet kiosks and SMSs. 12 clusters of services have been identified. State

Government has constituted one State Empowered Committee and 12 District NeGP-A

Implementation Teams for the implementation of this plan and fixed the roles and

responsibilities of committees.

4.9. CONSTRAINT ANALYSIS

Seed is the most crucial input for the agricultural development of any region. The

use of the seed input, however, depends upon a number of factors such as the

rainfed/irrigated conditions, timely and adequate availability of the seed, the socio-

46

economic conditions of the farmers and also the technological levels of the farmers in that

area. It was in this context that the actual use of seeds and the seed requirements were

estimated for the districts so as to know the gaps in the usage of this most vital input. The

filling up of the gaps in seed use of different crops in the state can go a long way in

stepping up the agricultural production in the state.. As may be seen in this table, the

farmers were using higher amount of seeds than required/recommended in almost all the

crops including cereals, vegetables and spices. The pattern was broadly similar in all the

districts. The farmers tend to use higher seed rates mainly to overcome the risk in lower

germination percentage in the rainfed conditions or due to sheer lack of awareness

regarding the right dosages of the modern varieties of various crops. This leads not only to

the undesired crowding of the plant populations per unit of space thus lowering yields but

also to the unnecessary cost escalations having implications for economic viability of the

crop cultivation ultimately. In order to avoid both these negative fall outs of the improper

seed usage, the required interventions for various crops and districts have been detailed out

in respective District Agricultural Plans (DAPs). The major obstacles affecting the

progress and productivity of the district are as follows:

Poor adoption of improved varieties

Lack of awareness of suitable pest management techniques

Overdependence on rainfall

Unorganized marketing system

Non-availability of processing units and lack of know-how among the farmers

Lack of availability of quality agro-inputs.

Lack of transportation facilities.

4.10. Recommended Interventions for the District with detailed action plan

Keeping in view the above-mentioned constraints, the following specific

interventions (projects) [STREAM-I] have been recommended for obtaining an overall

growth of agriculture sector: The specific projects proposed herein are aimed at achieving

the projected growth rates in agriculture sector in Reasi. Each project is meant to provide

inputs to the growth in that particular field as extension activities alone cannot sustain

47

growth for long. These specific projects will provide a support base to the other activities.

Farmers today are more interested in short term gains and make shift solutions. Through

these projects long term issues are addressed along with catering to the immediate needs of

the farmers and the economy of the district. The recommended interventions are presented

in the table.

Recommended interventions for the district, with detailed Action Plan with costs

S.

No

Crop- activities/

Gap

Factors/constraints

leading to gap

Strategies/

mode of action

Sustainability

Output

A MAIZE

1 Non- adoption of

package and

practices

Non-availability of

inputs & lack of

knowledge

Timely availability of

inputs, Trainings &

awareness

Constant

Production

2 Low adoption of

seed treatment

Partial adoption of

seed treatment

Popularization of seed

treatment practices

Negligible

Impact

3 Incidence of pest

and diseases

Partial adoption of

pest management

practices

Popularization of pest

management practices

10 % yield

can be increased

4 Incidence of Weeds Partial adoption of

weed management

practices

Popularization of weed

management practices

10-20 % yield

can be increased

5 Low yielding

varieties

Partial adoption of

improved varieties

Popularization of HYV and

seed village

25 % increase

in yield

6 Organic cultivation Non availability of

organic package and

practices

Training, demonstration

and campaign on organic

cultivation

Improvement in

soil health

B WHEAT

1 Lesser adoption of

seed treatment

Seed borne diseases To popularize practice of

seed treatment for

maintaining crop health.

Reduction in

use of chemicals

2 Non- adoption of

package and

practices

Non-availability of

inputs & lack of

knowledge


inputs, Trainings &

awareness

Constant

Production

3 Poor disease and

insect management

Emergence of

Yellow rust

Making farmer aware

through Trainings ,

demonstrations

10 % growth in

area every year

4 Low Seed

replacement rate

Non availability of

HYV

Availability of HYV &

seed production

10 % growth in

area under HYV

48

C MUSTARD

1 Low Seed

replacement rate

Non availability of

HYV


seed production

10 % growth in

area under HYV

2 Non-adoption of

package of practice

Non-availability of

inputs & lack of

knowledge


inputs, Trainings &

awareness

Constant

Production

D MOONG/MASH

1 Non adoption of

seed treatment


seed treatment for


Reduction in

use of chemicals

2. Low Yielding

varieties

Non availability of

HYV, low

awareness


seed production

Constant supply

of HYV

3 Poor Disease and

Insect

Management

Increase incidence

of yellow mosaic

virus during rainy

season

To educate the farmers

through training and

demonstrations

Constant

Production

E RAJMASH

1 Non adoption of

seed treatment


seed treatment for


Reduction in

use of chemicals

2. Incidence of

diseases

Yellow mosaic virus

& other diseases,

loss in productivity

Training/Awareness Sustained

Production

3 Loss of local

germplasm

Mixing of seed Popularization of local

variety

Sustained

Production

49

4.10.1. PROJECT PROPOSAL –I

WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND IRRIGATION

IMPORTANCE

The gross area of the Reasi district is 275178 Ha. Out of this the net area sown is

25480 Ha. and the net area irrigated is 1907 Ha. which comes to about 7.5% of the area

sown. There are 34 Nos. completed schemes out of which five Nos. are non-functional.

Besides this 46 Nos. schemes have been taken under district plan during the year 2008-09.

The total CCA of all the scheme is 6054 Ha. & the potential created ending 03/2008 is

5323 Ha. Against which the utilization is 3095 Ha. only.

In case the non-functional schemes and partial functional schemes are revived and

then some additional potential as well utilization is created.Rain water harvesting is

collection and storage of excess rain water and activities like harvesting surface water,

prevention of losses through evaporation and seepage etc. Harvested rain water can be used

directly or recharged into ground water. Large number of existing water storage system i.e

storage water tanks/ponds exist in Reasi district which have been fallen to misuse due to

accumulation of silt or may require urgent repairs for life saving irrigation to the crops

with appropriate gradient for storage of water and providing irrigation to crops by gravity

system. The Ground water will be utilized by construction of dug/bore/tube wells in areas

where there is scarcity of irrigation water at tail ends. Moreover management of ground

water with surface water with the objective of supplementing surface water and controlling

rise of ground water on the other hand to avoid water logged, salinity, Alkalinity etc. But

strategy would be such which will exploit ground water to thresh hold level and will not

lower water table.

The Water use efficiency can be much higher as compared to surface method of

irrigation. In order to increase intensity and diversification in agriculture, capacity building

& transfer of improved water management technologies is required to be developed

through water recharging for critical irrigation to crops during dry spells.

50

Project Proposal On Minor Irrigation (through flow)

Flow Irrigation Scheme :-

The scheme will be based on available surface water of perennial streams, spring

water and snows melt. As majority of these sources have been taped so renovation

modernization and lining of the existing systems / defunct. System will be taken up under

this programme.

Planning/Execution and Management:-

The project will be executed purely in participatory mode with the active

participation of the targeted farming community. The project will be executed totally as per

the norms of the Government of Jammu and Kashmir state whereas the Major, Medium,

Minor schemes are executed by the Irrigation & Flood Control Department. The mandate

of Agriculture Department are only for minor and micro irrigation schemes covering CCA

of about 40 to 50 hect. Only.

The complete project of water resource management worth Rs. 1378 lacs has been

proposed, the detail has been given in the table.

Expected Outcome

Expansion of irrigated area will not only enhance the crop and cropping system

productivity by 20-25 per cent but also helps in improving the soil health. In addition, the

participatory mode of developmental activities and capacity building of different

stakeholders helps in creating awareness among the water users to use the available water

more efficiently and improve the system efficiency and also creates more job

opportunities, strengthening of agro-based industries and supports local market. There by

the agricultural growth rate can be expected to 4-5 per cent.

51

Table 11: Block wise Targets for Water Resource Management and Irrigation

(Fin in Lacs)

Component Unit Arnas, Mahore, Reasi Pouni Total

Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin.

Water harvesting for

individuals for storage of

water tank (50% of cost

limited to Rs.0.90 /No. )

20x20x3 in pond/

Tubewell/Dugwells@

100 cubic meter.( As per

MIDH Guidline)_

No. 5 4.50 5 4.50 5 4.50 5 4.50 20 18.00

Installation of irri. Pump

sets @ 10,000/- each on

50% subsidy No. 20 2.00 20 2.00 20 2.00 20 2.00 80 8.00

Roof top water harvesting

@ 30,000/- per structure No. 100 30.00 100 30.00 100 30.00 100 30.00 400 120.00

Tube wells with max

assistance Rs 20.00 lacs No. 2 40.00 2 40.00 2 40.00 2 40.00 8 160.00

Flow irrigation Scheme No. 5 340 3 158 8 363 5 211 21 1072

TOTAL 416.50 234.50 439.50 287.50 1378

Table 12: Detail of Flow Irrigation Scheme proposed under RKVY for 12th

Plan

S. No. Name of Scheme Block C.C.A./ Length (In Ha.) Estimated Cost (in Lacs)

1 Akhli buttan Reasi 470 110.00

2 Kanjali 107 60.00

3 Bhagal Chemara 375 30.00

4 Upper Pai Khul 397 55.00

5 Upper Pai High Level

Khul

200 28.00

6 Sukhter Khul 140 24.00

7 Ghiala Lift Scheme 200 40.00

8 Garan Khul 129 16.00

9 Kheral Lift Pouni 300 60.00

10 Gajor Old Khul 191 55.00

11 Gajor High level Khul 150 50.00

12 Bharakh Kanthi Khul 190 28.00

13 Ransoo Khul 150 18.00

14 Hatti khul Arnas 1900 75.00

15 Latti Khul 1600 65.00

16 Surokote Khul 2500 100.00

17 Chinkah Khul 500 40.00

18 Baldanu Khoul (Khad

Nala)

700 60.00

19 Chitta Basa Khul Mahore 700 45.00

20 Bathori Khul 1000 55.00

21 Banjla Saroli Khul 1100 58.00

Total 12999 1072.00

52

4.10.2. PROJECT PROPOSAL –II

INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF MAJOR CROPS/ VEGETABLES

DEMONSTRATIONS OF IMPROVED CROP PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

The demonstration on farmer‟s fields of research findings of applied nature will be

conducted by field staff to ensure early adoption of recommended package of practices and an

amount of Rs. 42.60 lakhs is proposed. Scientific demonstrations of demonstrations of Maize

hybrid/ Composite of 0.4 ha, each, demonstrations of wheat., demonstration of pulses,

demonstration of Oilseeds of 0.2 ha each, demonstrations of fodder of 0.2 ha each,

demonstration of vegetables of 0.2 ha., demonstration of spices (0.1 ha each) are proposed in the

plan period with financial assistance mentioned in the table.

The distribution of Kitchen garden kits for increasing production of vegetables in the

district is also proposed. Extension support, use of biofertilizers, balanced fertilization including

use of micro nutrients especially zinc sulphate and plant protection measures may be made

available in the demonstration programme as per incentive norms shown against each crop

The emphasis may also be given for judicious use of inputs and production technology

on intensive cropping system. The demonstration will be linked with farmers training / field

days for which the funds have been kept separately.

The extension specialists will supervise these demonstrations and provide requisite

technical advice to the farmers. The results will be analyzed, evaluated and given wide publicity

through distribution of leaflets, brochures etc.

The demonstration on seed treatment pesticides, weedicides, rodenticides and bio

pesticides will be laid out on 50% subsidy to the beneficiaries with financial assistance as

mentioned in the table.

53

Table 13: Block wise Targets for Demonstrations of Improved Crop Production

Technology (Rs. In Lacs)


Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin.

Maize hybrid each

of 0.4 ha each

incentive Rs.

5000/- per ha

No. 150 3 150 3 150 3 150 3 600 12

Wheat each of 0.4

ha area with

incentive 5000/-

per ha

No. 75 1.50 75 1.50 75 1.50 75 1.50 300 6

Pulses/(Rajmash

each of 0.2 ha area

with incentive of

Rs. 2500/- ha.(Kh

& Rabi)

No. 100 0.50 100 0.50 100 0.50 100 0.50 400 2

Oil seeds each of

0.2 ha area with

incentive of 2500/-

per ha.(Kh & Rb)

No. 50 0.50 50 0.50 50 0.50 50 0.50 200 2

Fodder each of 0.2

ha area with

incentive of 2500/-

per ha.(Kh& Rb)

No. 100 0.50 100 0.50 100 0.50 100 0.50 400 2

Vegetables Exotic/

Hybrid/ Potato@

13000/- ha each

demonstration of

0.2 ha area (Kh &

Rabi)

No. 30 1.05 30 1.05 30 1.05 30 1.05 120 4.2

Spices @ 13000/-

per ha each dem.

of 0.2 ha area

No. 10 0.35 10 0.35 10 0.35 10 0.35 40 1.4

Kitchen garden @

Rs. 200/ kits No. 125 0.25 125 0.25 125 0.25 125 0.25 500 1

Seed treatment

with incentive of

Rs. 100/- per qtl.

of seed for

Cereals, Fodder,

Pulses, Oilseeds,

Vegetables etc.

Qtls 3000 3 3000 3 3000 3 3000 3 12000 12

Total 10.65 10.65 10.65 10.65 42.60

54

4.10.3. PROJECT PROPOSAL –III

PARTICIPATORY SEED PRODUCTION FOR FOOD SECURITY AND SOCIO-

ECONOMIC STABILITY OF FARMING COMMUNITY

IMPORTANCE

The J&K State with diverse agro-climatic conditions has unique features of

supporting wide range of field and horticultural crops to achieve nutritional security of the

population. However, the productivity levels of different crops are below the All India

average in majority of the crops. To achieve significant enhancement in productivity of

different crops, genetic enhancement through varietal improvement has been the main focus

in national and state public and private institutions. Many improved varieties/ hybrids have

been developed and released by both public and private sectors for the benefit of the farmers.

It has been demonstrated in majority of the crops, that quality seed of improved varieties

results in yield increase more than 25-30%. However, there is wide gap between demand and

supply of quality seed in the district. As a result seed replacement rate continues to be much

below (14-15%) the desired level of 25 and 30% in self and cross pollinated crops

respectively. Most of the private sector companies concentrate on high cost low volume seeds

grown by large farmers on limited scale. Majority of the small and marginal farmers require

high volume, low cost location specific seeds that are neglected even by public sector seed

production organizations. All this lead to non- availability of quality seeds to the farmers as

per the requirement at the time of sowing. Alternatively, the farmers uses his own farm

produce as seeds which are vigorous less and have less productivity.

To mitigate these problems, farmers, participatory seed production programme is

planned in the proposed project with the following objectives.

Objectives:

Demonstration of improved varieties / hybrids and technologies on farmer‟s field.

Large scale seed production and distribution at reasonable price through farmer‟s

participatory seed production programme.

To upgrade the quality of seed produce through seed processing and seed treatment.

Quality control of the produced seeds by seed testing.

55

Human resource development by imparting training to the field staff and farmers on

seed production and quality control.

Employment generation at village level by involving rural youths and school drop

outs in seed production activities.

Expected Outcome

The wide gap between demand and supply of quality seed of improved varieties/

hybrids can be bridged with the farmers‟ participation in seed production under seed village

concept. This helps to demonstrate and saturate the selected potential seed village with

quality seeds of improved varieties / hybrids of major crops. The concerned officers&

extension specialist of the Department besides the university scientist shall monitor the seed

production programme and there would be close linkage with the farmers and scientist for

technology transfer and successful quality seed production. The potential seed village for

each crop shall be selected and the farmers will be trained in different techniques of quality

seed production and post–harvest handling operations .the universities supply the genetically

pure seeds of improved varieties for further seed production. The infrastructure requirement

need to be developed for harvesting/ threshing, seed processing, seed storage and seed

transportation.

The trainings and field days/meals are included in the proposal on Human Resource

Development for wide spread dissemination of seed production skills, impact of quality seeds

in agricultural production and improved varieties/hybrids. The local rural youth and women

will be involved in human resource development and rural employment generated in seed

production, processing, testing and transportation and distribution activities. This would help

to increase the availability of quality seed of improved varieties/hybrids in the district to

increase productivity by more than 30%. This would be the initial step to achieve and sustain

about 4% annual agricultural growth in the state for improving socio-economic status and

nutritional security of our farming community.

The procurement of seeds and their quality management are most crucial aspects of

certified seed production. The assistance will be provided under Seed Village Programme @

Rs. 350/quintal to meet the cost of certification, loss due to rouging and undersized seeds.

The provision has been made to ensure storage facility in proximity of seed village through

56

hiring of private godowns. The subsidy on seed distribution also provided to the tune of 50%,

subject to maximum Rs. 800/ qtl on cereals and Rs.2000/ qtl on pulses and oilseeds.

Strengthening of Departmental Seed Multiplication Farms

District Reasi is blessed with different agro-climatic zones thereby providing

opportunities to grow various types of agricultural/ horticultural crops. The climate varies

from subtropical in southern pockets to temperate in high mountainous areas. These varied

conditions imply that different varieties of single crops are required for specific areas of the

district. Each pocket has its specific requirement and any seed to be introduced must be

tested in these locations. Also the latest production technology has to be demonstrated

among the farmers for its adoption. In District Reasi the Department of Agriculture has five

Seed Farms and there is one Farm under the Krishi Vigayan Kendra Reasi that may be

developed as advanced centre for demonstration of new technologies among the farmers.

Mandates of farms

1. To demonstrate the latest production technology among the farmers.

2. To multiply the breeder seeds produced by the SAU/Research stations.

3. To make available seeds of different crop varieties as per the requirements of farmers

at cheaper rates.

4. To test the new seeds imported from outside the state.

5. Employment opportunities to the local farmers.

Objectives

To increase the production of quality seed of different crops.

To provide seeds which are adaptable to local conditions.

Justification of the projects

Limited Resources with the Department

The four farms under department of agriculture in the district needs strengthening

because there are limited resources with the department. These limited resources have

resulted in difficulty in managing these Seed farms. Lack of funds does not allow purchasing

the new equipments required in modern Seed Farms.

57

Benefits to the farmers

The Seed Farms will provide quality Seed which are cheaper and are acclimatized to the

local conditions. These Farms also served as Demonstrations unit to the farmers and are best

locations for organizing the field days for training the farmers.

Saving on transportation

As the seed is produced and multiplied locally at these Farms and at farmers fields,

the government will save on transportation cost which is accrued while importing huge

quantities of seed from other states.

Save guards against diseased/ weed seed

Locally produced seeds prevent the entry of invasive weed seeds and contagious

diseases like carnal bunt of wheat.

Action Plan

A total outlay of Rs. 363 lacs is proposed in 12th

plan which includes Rs. 300 lacs for

maintenance and development of departmental seed farms (Reclamation, irrigation, fencing,

machinery, stores, contingency etc.) and Rs. 63 lacs to produce quality seeds of major crops

under participatory seed production programme. This would strengthen the seed production

activities of the department which during 2014-15 to 2016-17. It is also proposed to

strengthen the augmentation and supply of basic seeds namely breeder and foundation seeds

to other seed producing agencies, private seed organization etc. for large scale production of

& availability of quality seeds.

58

Table 14: Block wise Targets for Participatory Seed Production for Food Security

(Fin in Lacs)



Procurement

/ Production

of

foundation

certified seed

incentive @

3000/ qtls

through Seed

villages

(maize,

wheat)

Qtls 50 1.50 50 1.50 50 1.50 50 1.50 200 6

Production

of certified

Seed with

incentive @

Rs 350/ qtls

through Seed

Village

(Maize,Whe

at)

Qtls 500 1.75 500 1.75 500 1.75 500 1.75 2000 7

Distribution

of certified

seed on 50%

sub. With

max

incentive of

Rs.800/ qtls

on cereals

Qtls 1000 8.00 1000 8.00 1000 8.00 1000 8.00 4000 32

Distribution

of

Hybrid/OPV

Veg seeds on

100% &

50%

respectively

Hyb

Qtls 1 1.50 1 1.50 1 1.50 1 1.50 4 6

OPV

Qtls 1 0.50 1 0.50 1 0.50 1 0.50 4 2

Seed Village

Programme

(5000/ha.of

cereals

(kh+Rabi)

Ha 50 2.50 50 2.50 50 2.50 50 2.50 200 10

Strengthenin

g of 4

Departmenta

l Seed

Multiplicatio

n Farms

No. - - - - - - - - - 300

Total 15.75 15.75 15.75 15.75 363.00

59

4.10.4. PROJECT PROPOSAL –IV

DEVELOPMENT OF RAINFED FARMING

Rainfed areas are characterized with very low and highly variable uncertain yields due

to in adequate and uneven distribution of rainfall, late on-set and early cessation of rains,

prolonged dry spells during the crop season. Low and erratic rainfall, degraded soils and poor

resource base of farmers are some of the constraints affecting productivity and livelihood of

farming community. Projects worth Rs. 639.60 lacs have been proposed in this plan which

includes 8 new watersheds with financial assistance of 600 lakhs during 2014-15 to 2016-

17(500 ha)/watershed. The plasticulture units i.e. Plastic mulching, polygreen houses/ have

been proposed with financial assistance of 39.60 lacs during the project period 2014-15 to

2016-17. Thus, a total amount of Rs. 639.60 lacs has been proposed under development of

rainfed farming in Reasi district..

Table 15: Block wise Targets for Development of Rainfed Farming (Fin in Lacs)



Polygreen

house 16m ×

5m @ Rs.

6400/-

No. 100 6.40 100 6.40 100 6.40 100 6.40 400 25.6

Plastic

mulching @

Rs. 7000/-

ha.

No. 50 3.50 50 3.50 50 3.50 50 3.50 200 14

Developmen

t of

Watersheds

of 500 Ha

each

No. 2 150.00 2 150.00 2 150.00 2 150.00 20 600

Total 194.9 194.9 194.9 1364.3 639.60

60

4.10.5. PROJECT PROPOSAL –V

PROMOTION OF ORGANIC FARMING

Organic farming is a system of farming by which crops are grown and produce

obtained without the use of synthetic fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides which in turn

promotes health of agro-eco system, increases bio diversity and biological activity and thus is

safe and healthy for human consumption.

Department of Agriculture, Jammu has selected reputed and experienced service

providers/promoting agencies for assigning the work of promotion, adoption and certification

of organic farming under RKVY at farmer‟s field in identified areas of Jammu Division.

KVK, Reasi also conduct training programmes on organic farming and motivate the farmers

for organic farming through which they can fetch more prices. Organic farming has been

taken up on cluster basis with a duty recognized system in place for certification so that the

produce obtained is duly certified. The minimum period of conversion into organic farming is

3 years as organic. However for areas organic by default the time period can be reduced

subject or certification by departmental officers.

In Reasi district M/S ACTECH Information System Ltd, Agro Private Ltd are the

service providers and an area of 317 Ha in villages Talwara, Pata, Kans Brahmna, Kund

Kanyari, Kanyari, Majra Kund, Pouni, Lehar, Kanha, Kans Khas have been allotted to them

vegetables are grown there since 2011-12.

Infrastructure facilities for input production are in the process of creation with the

participating farmers and farmers are being trained for upgrading their skills and for input

production and its use.

Objectives of the Organic farming

Scientific updating and utilization of organic farming practices and local wisdom.

To use location specific, diversified organic farming practices and land use systems to

sustain natural resources, enhance the productivity and farm income.

Reasi district has a lot of potential in context of organic farming, especially for fruit

production. A budget of Rs. 487.60 lakh has been proposed to promote organic farming and

carry out such activities that would led to the adoption of organic farming in the district on a

large area.

61

Table 16: Block wise Targets for Organic Farming (Fin in Lacs)



Const. of

vermi

compost unit

@ 50,000/-

unit

No. 10 5.00 10 5.00 10 5.00 10 5.00 40 20

Construction

of compost

pits @

(1000/-

farmer) for

two pits

No. 500 5.00 500 5.00 500 5.00 500 5.00 2000 20

Establishmen

t of vermi

culture

hatcheries at

depart. and

farmers level

No. 1 1.50 1 1.50 1 1.50 1 1.50 4 6

Distribution

of

vermicompos

t for

popularizatio

n @ 6000/-

ha

No. 20 2.00 20 2.00 20 2.00 20 2.00 80 8

Distribution

of organic

inputs @

10,000/- unit

No. 10 1.00 10 1.00 10 1.00 10 1.00 40 4

Total 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 58.00

62

4.10.6. PROJECT PROPOSAL –VI

OFF SEASON VEGETABLE CULTIVATION

Introduction:

The protecting structures provide favorable growing conditions to the plants even if

conditions are not so favorable out side these structure. The Green Houses provide optimum

growing conditions of light, temperature and humidity to achieve higher yield and optimum

quality. These structures provide an opportunity to produce off season crops thereby

increasing the possibility of higher returns among the growers.

In present times there is great demand of vegetables however due to decreasing land

holdings protected cultivation offers an alternative for the production of these high value

crops in not so suited areas. These Structures also helps in modifying the atmosphere

surrounding the crop thereby decreasing the effects of natural calamities such as high /low

temperatures and drought etc.

The topography and uncertain climatic conditions of the District favours Green

House/protected cultivation. The produce from these structures can be easily marketed to

nearby towns often visited by the tourists and pilgrims. As a profession, agriculture is

loosing attraction among the rural youth which is partially due to drudgeries and hard field

work. In this scenario the rural youth can be motivated into adoption of protected cultivation

from where they can harvest increased profits from lesser land holdings. Protected

cultivation is a specialized technique where these educated rural youth can put in their

knowledge and ideas for getting maximum benefits.

There is a good potential to remote protected cultivation in the District for cultivation

of high value crops. In temperate areas, vegetable growers can increase their income by

raising early crops where as in lower areas the season of cultivation can be modified for year

round cultivation of vegetables.

The main aim of the protected cultivation is to create a favorable environment to

provide a sustainable growth to the plants in order to realized its maximum potentials even if

63

adverse climatic conditions exists in the out side atmosphere. It provide an opportunity to

efficiently utilize the resources and obtain higher yields.

Project Proposal on protected cultivation of off-season vegetable.

Objectives

1. Promotion of off season cultivation of vegetable for increasing farmr income.

2. Production of exotic and rare vegetables.

3. Vegetable seed production.

Advantages Of Green House Technology

Protection from adverse climatic conditions.

Increase in yields.

Harvesting time can be adjusted.

Production of off season crops.

Protection against diseases and pests.

Waste lands can be utilized.

Better water use.

Increased profits.

The following activities are proposed to carry out under protected cultivation project:

Assistance for promotion of low cost green house.

Assistance for promotion of high tech green house.

Trainings on protected cultivation.

Exposure visits of farmers.

64

Table 17: Block wise Targets for Off-season Vegetable Production (Fin in Lacs)



50% Assistance

for promotion of

low cost green

house (200 Sq

M) @ Rs. 0.40

lacs with 50%

subsidy (0.20

lacs)

No. 2 0.40 2 0.40 2 0.40 2 0.40 8 1.6

50% Assistance

for promotion of

high tech green

house (500 Sq

M ) @ Rs. 5

lacs with 50%

subsidy (2.5

lacs)

No. 1 2.50 1 2.50 1 2.50 1 2.50 4 10

Training on

protected

cultivation @

Rs. 0.005 lacs

with 50%

subsidy

No. 20 0.1 20 0.1 20 0.1 20 0.1 80 0.4

Exposure visits

of farmers with

in the state for

three days @

Rs. 0.01 lacs

with 50%

subsidy

No. 10 0.1 10 0.1 10 0.1 10 0.1 40 0.4

Exposure visits

of farmers out

side the state

for five days @

Rs. 0.025 lacs

with 50%

subsidy

No. 10 0.25 10 0.25 10 0.25 10 0.25 40 1

Total 3.35 3.35 3.35 3.35 13.40

65

4.10.7. PROJECT PROPOSAL –VII

INOVATIVE SCHEMES

4.10.7. A. MUSHROOM DEVELOPMENT

Introduction

Mushrooms are popular for their delicacy, flavor as well as food value. The Agro-

climatic condition of Reasi especially in certain pockets has ample scope for cultivation of

mushroom. Mainly two types of Mushrooms viz. white button mushroom and Dhingri

Mushroom are cultivated in the area. However there is scope for cultivation of other species

also such as Calocybe ( Milky Mushroom). Places of tourist interest in the district such as

Katra, Shiv Khori etc. offers scope for marketing of the produce.

District Reasi lags behind the other adjoining districts of Jammu province in Mushroom

cultivation. People of the area are poor and are small farmers who need encouragements and

assistance for adoptation of this specialized enterprise.

Mushroom cultivation is done seasonally by small and marginal farmers. Seasonal

cropping rooms are simple rooms with certain modifications for maintaining specific

environmental conditions. These rooms have cemented floors, cemented or false ceiling with

arrangement for forced air circulation in side the room. Mushrooms are grown in polythene

bags containing spawned mushroom compost kept on shelves/racks made of bamboo or iron.

Seasonal growing rooms are dependent on the prevailing environmental conditions coinciding

with the various growth stages. However, temperature and humidity can be slightly modified

using heaters/coolers and spraying of water etc.

A Mushroom house of size 20‟x12‟x10‟ handling 100 trays (4 MT) of compost that could

generate the profit of Rs. 4000 per month is considered the smallest viable unit of mushroom

growing. However, small farmers in the district hesitate to bear the initial investment for

establishment of mushroom houses.

Thus, for promotion of mushroom activity financial assistance at 50% subsidy will be

provided to few growers in the district which will help in popularizing mushroom cultivation.

66

Objectives:

Promotion of Mushroom cultivation in the district.

Round the year cultivation of Mushrooms

Table 18: Project Proposal for Establishment of Small Scale Mushroom Units



50% Assistance

for

establishment of

small scale

mushroom

house handling

400 bags

compost

(20‟x12‟x10‟)*

No. 5 2.5 5 2.5 10 5.0 10 5.0 30 15

Installation of

tools and

equipments in

mushroom

house**

No. 5 0.5 5 0.5 10 1.0 10 1.0 30 3

Assistance for

procurement/

preparation of

substrate upto

800 bags***

No. 5 1.0 5 1.0 10 2.0 10 2.0 30 6

Total 4.0 4.0 8.0 8.0 24.00

*Mushroom Houses will be constructed under the guidance of in charges under whose area the location falls.

The Mushroom House of size (20’x12’x10’ ) will have concrete flour with brick walls having cemented plaster,

one door, one inlet and two out lets for air with concrete roof.

**Electrical fittings, iron racks, Exhaust fans, foot /hand compression sprayer, cooler, heater. Thermometers,

weighing balance and polythene sealer, folk plastic bucket, tub and baskets, polythene ducts and mushroom cool

kit.

***The procurement of raw material by the farmers at his own level may be verified before realizing the subsidy

67

4.10.7. B. APICULTURE DEVELOPMENT

Beekeeping is a very fascinating rural Agro-horticulture based activity. It fits very

well in the integrated agricultural system as an allied activity to increase the income of all

groups of farmers, including small & marginal, the agricultural labourers and others.

Beekeeping industry is a highly rewarding economic activity which provides self

employment, production of honey & other by-products and more importantly provides cross

pollination of agricultural and horticultural crops to improve the quantity and the quality of

yield. Reasi District is blessed with bountiful natural flora, which provides ample grounds for

Apiculture to flourish as an industry.

Status

In Reasi District at present there are about 500 number of Bee colonies including

private as well as departmental producing 25 quintals of Honey per year. As per the floral

availability there is potential of rearing 8000-10000 number of Bee colonies, yield an income

of Rs.100.00 lacs in the kitty of private beekeepers of the district. There is tremendous scope

of Beekeeping in district and variety of flora available as enumerated in the table. Floral

availability in the district from different sources

S No Floral pockets

in the district

Floral Plants Blossoming Time

1 Trikuta hills of Katra Phalai, Shisham, Jamun, Mustard,

Eucayptlus, Radish and spring

flowers.

Maize, Solai (Plectranthus)

Feb-March

Aug-Sept

Oct-Nov

2 Gulab Garh Mustard

Apple, Apricot

Wild Ajwain

Maize

Solai (Plectranthus)

Feb-March

March-April

May-June

July-August

Sept-Oct

The Present status of bee keeping in Reasi District is as follows:

1. Total existing potential 10,000 Bee colonies.

2 Existing Bee Colonies at present 500 Nos.

3 Potential utilized 5 %

4 Honey production (in Qtls.) 25 (2012-13)

68

NEED:

According to the agricultural scientists, India needs a minimum of 2000 lakh Honey

Bee colonies just to pollinate and increase productivity of 12 major crops. Beekeeping

industry can play an important role in addressing both these challenges i.e., providing

employment to a large number of youths and nutritive food in adequate quantity to all people

which in India is estimated to be about 140 crores by 2030AD.

Mostly Apis mellifera, are maintained all over the world. India has indigenous Apis

Cerana bee colonies and introduced European Apis mellifera bees. India produces 65000 MT

honey per year and around 26089MT was exported to different countries of the world.

Beside honey, there are various other high value products of Beekeeping, viz;

beeswax, bee venom, royal jelly, propolis etc. These products including honey have high

demand in National and International markets. It should be remembered that all the bee

products are used either as food or in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. For this

reason, hygienic collection, handling, processing, storage, etc. and maintaining National and

International purity standards are of prime importance.

The major constraints confronting the development of Beekeeping are:

Lack of quality nucleus stock of Apis cerana and Apis mellifera

Lack of infrastructure for producing large volumes of genetically superior queen bees

for supply to beekeepers

Lack of technical knowledge for efficient management of bee colonies

Lack of institutional support for Beekeeping in terms of bank loans, etc

Recommendations

Only 5% of the potential of bee keeping in Reasi District has been realized till date.

As such it is recommended that the full existing potential of 10000 Bee Colonies be utilized

in next five years. Therefore, concerted efforts are needed to tackle all these problems by

popularizing the State of Art technologies relating to nucleus stock production and capacity

building and training of bee breeders and beekeepers, conservation and maintenance of

existing bee-colonies, their rapid multiplication and increasing their productivity on priority.

69

Measures Proposed under project:

A) Strengthening of Honey Bee Keeping Activities in Private sector by incentivizing Bee

hives, Bee colonies and Bee keeping equipments:

The Department of Agriculture Jammu shall provide quality bee hives, bee colonies

and bee keeping equipments to the bee-keepers. And in this direction provision of 50%

subsidy is proposed. Improved honey extraction and storage system shall be provided to the

identified beneficiaries by replacing obsolete equipments with stainless steel material.

B) Strengthening & Development of Apiculture Demo. Centres of the Department

Presently there are 2 number of Demonstration cum Training Centres in Reasi district

where. it is desired to have at least 50 number of Bee- colonies in each Demonstration cum

training centres. To strengthen and develop the Apiculture Demonstration Centres of the

Department assistance of Rs.0.70 lakhs is proposed.

B.1.) Installation of Computerized Comb Foundation Sheet Mill:

Comb Foundation (CF) sheets are the basic inputs for successful Bee keeping. These

sheets save a lot of time of honey bees in collection of nectars and pollen. Providing good

quality comb-foundation sheets to the bee colonies can save their energy for fully utilizing the

available potential for foraging of nectar and pollen during blossom period. As such the

availability of computerized C.F Sheet can bring revolution in multiplication of Bee colonies

and honey production. For this the Department requires to introduce computerized C.F mill /

machine.

Since there is a huge existing potential of Bee keeping in Jammu division as such

there is a need to introduce a fully-automatic comb foundation machine at the Divisional H.Q

Jammu which will cater the requirement of C.F sheets of whole of the Jammu division. Even

the facility can be extended to the private Bee keepers on nominal service charges of Rs. 2/-

per C.F sheets.

Specifications

The specification of fully computerized C.F.Sheet Fabrication Mill is as under:

Length of rolls- 750 mm. 380 V

Cell size- 5.4 mm (800 cells / dm2)

70

As per the existing status of bee keeping in Jammu division the Total requirement of

C.F sheets is Rs 4, 49,700 @ 20 sheets per bee colony as calculated hereunder:

Existing no. of Bee colonies 22485 Nos.

Requirement of C.F sheets 449700 Nos.

Value Rs. 1,12,42,500

As such the introduction of fully-automatic machine will not be a burden on the

department. The fully automatic Comb Foundation Sheet machine of the above mentioned

specifications costs about Rs. 30 lakhs. The machine will be installed in the public sector by

Department of Agriculture Jammu who are mandated to promote this sector in a big way. The

machine will benefit the Bee-keepers immensely. Promotion of Apiculture can be achieved

by strengthening and encouraging the famers to adopt the enterprise. Under the proposed

project Plan, 30 farmers will be selected per year and each farmer shall be provided 10,15,20

and 25 number of bee hives and bee colonies for the year 2013-142014-15,2015-16 and 2016-

17 respectively.

Table 19: Project proposal for the development of apiculture for Departmental

Demonstration Centre

S.

No. Component Unit

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total Fin.

Involvement

Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Fin.

1

Beehives @

Rs. 2000/hive

50

beehives

per unit

100 2.0 100 2.10* 100 2.11 100 2.106 8.31

2

Beecolonies

@

Rs.1140/colony

50

Colonies 100 1.14 100 1.20* 100 1.25 100 1.32 4.86

3

Strengthening

Dev. Of

Apiculture

dem. Centre

2 Nos.

2 1.40 2 1.50* 2 1.55 2 1.62 6.07

* with 5% hike in each successive year

TOTAL 19.24

71

Table 20: Project proposal for the development of apiculture in Private sector

S.

No. Component Unit

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

Total Fin.

Involvement

(in lacs)

Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Fin.

1

Beehives for 30

beneficiaries @ Rs.

2000/hive with 5% hike in

subsequent year

No. 300 3.0 450 4.5 600 6.6 750 9.075 23.18

2

Bee colony for 30

beneficiaries@ Rs.1140/-

colony with 5% hike in

subsequent year

No. 300 1.7 450 2.695 600 3.77 750 4.95 13.18

3

Purchase of equipment @

Rs. 7000/beneficiary with

5% hike in subsequent

years.

No. 30 1.05 30 1.103 30 1.158 30 1.216 4.53

4

Purchase of equipment @



years.

No. 30 0.30 30 0.315 30 0.331 30 0.348 1.30

5

Incentive for irrigation @



years.

No. 30 0.90 30 0.945 30 0.993 30 1.042 3.90

6

Trg.within state for 7days

for 30 farmers @ Rs.

2500/per farmer with 5%

hike in subsequent yrs.

No. 30 0.75 30 0.788 30 0.827 30 0.868 3.24

TOTAL 49.33

Total Project Cost (A + B) = 68.57

Anticipated Outcome:

Targetted 4% growth in Agriculture Sector shall be facilitated.

Field gaps in important crops shall be reduced by focusing an improved pollination &

higher seed set.

Maximized returns to the farmer/orchards/horticulturists.

Creation of say-employment opportunities.

Assistance to Agriculture Entrepreneurs.

Strengthening of production infrastructure for large volumes of genetically superior queen

bees for supply beekeepers & quality nucleus stock of Apis mellifera and Apis cerana shall

be produced.

72

4.10.7. C. AGRO-FORESTRY AND MEDICINAL PLANTATION

The District plan of Agroforestry and Medicinal Plantation for District Reasi is

discussed below:

AGROFORESTRY:

a) Increasing area under agroforestry through plantation in waste lands & on bunds.

b) Increasing area under agro-horticulture-Pasture.

c) Promotion of Medicinal & Aromatic plants production.

d) Demonstrations and trainings including farmers and field officials.

e) Soil conservation through plantation of Agroforestry crops.

SOCIAL FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT

Forestry plays a vital and important role in the maintenance of ecological balance.

Forests provide the fuel, fodder and timber. Agro forestry has been emerged an important

farming system for boosting the financial condition of farmers and improving their

livelihood. The main forestry species available for potential area in the district are Pine, Tun,

Tali, Kardyar, Siras, Arjuna, Mango, Dhrenk, Poplar, Eucalypts, Bamboo, Citrus and Deodar,

Most of the social forestry is being practiced on govt. and village panchayat lands. The

departmental nurseries at Soola, Katra, Manthal & Udhampur are producing quality seedlings

for supplying to farmers at cheaper rates to boost the forestry in the district.

Scope of Social forestry and Agro forestry in the district:

There is a great scope of social forestry plantation on soil erosin and fodder trees

plantation, due to high demand by the local people. The farmers can get additional income

from poplar plantation in agro forestry system as intercrops like wheat, potato, spices and

other vegetables can be successfully grown during 6-8 years of plantation.

MEDICINAL & AROMATIC PLANTS PRODUCTION

Medicinal and aromatic plants have an important role in today‟s life. Due to side

effects of chemical used in medicines people preferring the herbal medicines for long term

treatment of diseases. So it has become an industry of millions turnover. Farmers can get the

benefits of this trend. MAP‟s can, not only be sold in the market but also can be used for own

purpose.

73

Scope of MAP’s in District Reasi

District Reasi has a vide scope in MAP‟s production due to its climatic Zones. It has

intermediate zone to high hill areas, suitable for the propagation of the medicinal plants. In

Jammu there are many industrial units involved in Ayurvedic medicines production.

Table 21: Block wise Targets for Promoting Medicinal & Aromatic Plantation

(Fin in Lacs)

Component Unit Chenani Ghordi Ramnagar Majalta Total


Proposal for

demonstrations on

Poplar planting in

irrigated areas

Ha 20 2.00 20 2.00 20 2.00 20 2.00 80 8.00

Proposal for

demonstrations on

Medicinal & Aromatic

plants production

Ha 10 0.50 10 0.50 10 0.50 10 0.50 40 2.00

Publication and

publicity material No. 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 4.00

Study tour of farmers No. 1 2.00 1 2.00 1 2.00 1 2.00 4 8.00

Total 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 22.00

74

4.10.8. PROJECT PROPOSAL –VIII

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Soil-water-plant resources are nature‟s gift to mankind. Demographic

projections & increasing pressure on land and water resources have indicated that per

capita land availability would reduce from 0.91 ha in 1951 to 0.17 ha by 2050 while

per capita water availability will decline from 5300m3 in 1955 to 1235m

3 by 2050.

Rampant soil erosion & degradation of land & water resources are further posing

serious threat to food, environmental, socio-economic & livelihood securities.

About half of the country‟s geographical area is affected by different form of

soil erosion & land degradation. This is not only causing loss of productivity, floods

& droughts but also environmental hazards & reduction in livelihood opportunities.

Rainfed area, that constitute about two-thirds of nation‟s 142M ha cultivated land, are

the resource poor areas with low levels of productivity & suffer most from such

degradation & vagaries of nature.

Through the ages, Indian agriculture has been sustained by natural & man-

made water bodies such as lakes, tanks, ponds, khuls & similar structures. But, it has

been observed that the irrigation potential of the local water resources such as

perennial nallah, khuls etc. has not been properly tapped & hence under utilization of

irrigation potential. There is an urgent need to restore & augment the available water

resources directly linked to agriculture & to recover and extend their lost irrigation

potential.

Ground water can also be tapped for irrigation purposes on individual or

community basis.

G) Project Proposal on Soil & Water Conservation

1. Land Protection Works:-

The unchecked excessive run off which flows through arable & non arable

lands from upper reaches causes the main damage in form of sheet, rill & gully

erosion. When this run off accumulates in the low reaches & flows in nallahs, it

causes nallah bank cutting. Thus, with the aim of insitu moisture conservation & safe

75

disposal of excessive run off, various soil & water conservation measures such as

diversion drains/bunds, gully plugs/check dams, nallah bank erosion control

structures, bench terracing, land leveling/ reshaping etc. are being recommended. The

financial ceiling under this component will be Rs.0.25 Lac per Hectare.

2. Water Harvesting Structures (R.C.C.)/Pump Sets

Run off capturing & its recycling for irrigation holds key to stable &

sustainable development of rainfed agriculture. It is proposed to construct various

water conservation structure viz. farm ponds, water harvesting structure, distribution

of pumps sets etc. under water Harvesting structures. The manmade water bodies such

as lakes, tanks, ponds & similar structures which have fallen into disuse and are in

urgent need of repairs, will also be repaired, renovated & restored under this

component. The financial ceiling under this component will be Rs.2.00 Lac per

Hectare.

3. On Farm Development Works

Provision of assured irrigations a pre-requisite for increased crop production

and the maintenance of the national economy at a sustained basis. The water must be

utilized efficiently with minimum transmission, evaporation & deep percolation losses

with out causing any damage to the fields. A detailed survey is carried out to

investigate the area to be irrigated, condition of water source, distribution and

alignment of field channels. The ground water will also be tapped for irrigation

purposes on individual/community basis by constructing shallow tube wells, shallow

dugout wells, percolation wells etc. It is proposed to construct field channels, water

distribution structures, shallow tube wells, shallow dugout wells, percolation wells

etc. under the On Farm Development works. The financial ceiling under this

component will be Rs.0.50 Lac per Hectare.

76

Table 22: Component/scheme wise detail of the soil & water conservation

programme proposed under different blocks of district Reasi

S.

No.

Block Component/

Scheme

Area

(ha)

Budget Requirement

Est

imate

d

Cost

(la

cs)

2014-1

5

2015-1

6

2016-1

7

1. Mahore (a) Land protection works

(b) Water Harv. Structure

(c) On farm Dev. Works

4540

142

315

4997

387.50

92.00

66.00

545.50

371.50

78.00

62.50

512.00

351.00

64.00

30.50

445.50

1110.00

234.00

159.00

1503

2. Arnas (a) Land protection works

(b) Water Harv. Str.

(c) On form Dev. Works

3185

100

218

3669

282.75

62.50

38.20

383.45

267.25

58.50

38.00

363.75

258.25

42.00

32.80

333.05

808.25

163.00

109.00

1080.25

3. Reasi (a) Land protection works

(b) Water Harv. Structure


6714

374

3529

10617

571.00

200.00

609.00

1380.0

554.00

183.50

606.00

1343.50

545.00

173.50

574.00

1292.5

1670.00

557.00

1789.00

4016.00

4. Pouni (a) Land protection works

(b) Water Harv. Str.


4640

172

1530

6342

394.00

90.00

258.00

742.00

385.00

82.50

246.00

713.50

377.00

81.50

236.00

694.50

1156.00

254.00

740.00

2150.00

G. Total 25459 3050.95 2932.75 2765.55 8749.25

4.11. Projected outcome and Growth Rate during the Next Plan Period

The projected outcome of all the proposed projects has been discussed along

with the Action Plan presented above.

77

4.12. Researchable Issues

1. Standardization and refinement of area specific package of practices in the district

for various food grain crops, horticultural crops as well as other enterprises.

2. Characterization of locally available germplasm, and exploitation of the same in

various improvement programs.

3. Developing improved and refined technological package for organic nutrient

management in Maize, Wheat, Rice besides vegetable and aromatic plants like

ginger, garlic, turmeric etc.

4. Developing and assessment of economic viable integrated farming module

5. Standardization of precision farming package for different field and fruit crops,

bamboo and bio fuel plantations.

6. Standardization of vermi-compost and EM compost technology for important

crops.

A project has been proposed for Krishi Vigyan Kendra Reasi under the ambit

of SKUAST-Jammu worth Rs. 41.573 lacs

78

4.12.1. PROJECT PROPOSAL-I

1 Title of Proposal: Preparation of Block level plans for Reasi, Pouni,

Arnas and Mahore Blocks of Reasi District

2 Name of Principal Investigator Dr. Banarasi Lal

SMS, Agril. Ext. Education

Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Reasi (SKUAST of Jammu)

3 Institution Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences

and Technology of Jammu

4 Locations KVK, Reasi, SKUAST-J, Chatha

5 Mailing Address Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Reasi (SKUAST of Jammu)

Village: Tanda; P.O. Dera Baba Banda Bahadur, The. &

Distt. Reasi

Mobile: 9697625519

6 E-mail [email protected]

7 Co-Principal Investigator 1) Dr. Shahid Ahmad

Programme Coordinator, KVK Reasi

SKUAST-Jammu

8 Planned duration Three years (2014-15 to 2016-17)

9 Fund Requested

A) Recurring costs

B) Institutional charges @ 10%

of the recurring

C) Non-recurring costs

36.43 lakhs

3.643 lakhs

1.50 lakhs

10 Funds requested under mission

mode – I

41.573 lakhs

mailto:[email protected]

79

Activity: Preparation of Block level plans for Reasi, Pouni, Arnas and Mahore

Blocks of Reasi District of Jammu & Kashmir

Sub-Activity:

1 To conduct the Participatory Rural Appraisal of each panchayat under Reasi,

Pouni, Arnas and Mahore Blocks of Reasi District.

2 To collect primary data on agriculture and allied activities of each panchayat

under selected blocks of Reasi district through suitable sampling design.

3 To prepare soil maps of each panchayat after testing soil for both macro and

micro nutrients.

4 To analyse the data for conducting SWOT analysis of agriculture and allied

activities of each panchayat under selected blocks of Reasi district.

Introduction and background:

Agriculture holds an important position in economy of Reasi district. The

primary occupation of the people of Reasi is Agriculture and allied activities and

Reasi is economically an under-developed district. Internationally renowned places

like Mata Vaishno Devi, Katra along with some historical places like Shiv Khori

Shrine, Dera Baba Banda Bahadur, Baba Aghar Jitto JI, Ziarat Baji Ismail Sahib etc.

come under Reasi Distt. and remain thronged with lot of tourists round the year. Most

of the agro-based needs in these places are fulfilled through the import from nearby

districts. Therefore, there is a strong potential in Reasi district to fulfil the demands

and gain profits.

The introduction of Centrally Sponsored Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana in this

agro climatically diversified district has provided an opportunity to augment,

complement and pool physical & financial resources meticulously for overall

development of agriculture in P-P-P mode.

The area of Reasi District according to village papers is about 2,75,178

hectares. The net cultivated area of Reasi District is about 25,480 hectares. The area

irrigated from all sources is 1907 hectares that is 7.5% of the net cultivated area.

The climate ranges from high altitude temperate to subtropical type. Thus,

cultivation of different crops is possible. Double cropping is already practiced in a

80

large portion of the cultivated area and even triple cropping is being followed in areas

where vegetables, fodder, potato, summer pulses (Moong), toria and other short

duration crops are grown. The cropping intensity of the district is around 218 per

cent..

For successful implementation of any policy or government scheme, the

primary requirement is the availability of basic data regarding those for which such

policy or scheme has to be implemented. Even at present, there is no identified soil

mapping at the panchayat level for the district. There is no data regarding agriculture

and allied activities at panchayat level. Even under RKVY, the data has to be

collected at panchayat level before implementation of any plan. So there is a need to

gather panchayat level primary data in order to identify the problems and needs of the

farmers. In short if we want to do an effective SWOT analysis at block level, we first

have to collect the primary at panchayat level and then analyse it for identifying

strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of agriculture and allied activities at

block level. Keeping this in mind, the following objectives are proposed under this

project:

To perform Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) at village level in identified

panchayats of each selected block i.e. Reasi, Pouni, Arnas and Mahore.

To prepare soil maps of each panchayat after testing soil for both macro and

micro nutrients.

To analyse the data for conducting SWOT analysis of agriculture and allied

activities of each panchayat under selected blocks of Reasi district.

Targets:

The Block Level Plan is the prerequisite of RKVY scheme and since there is

not a single block in Reasi district for which such plan has been framed till date, it is

very important to collect data at panchayat level and make block level plans for

making effective any government scheme through block centric approach. The

emphasis will be laid on the following aspects:

To have a comprehensive data at panchayat level for each block of Reasi

district (in this case Reasi, Pouni, Arnas and Mahore Blocks) regarding

agriculture and allied activities including cropping pattern and economics of

different enterprises.

81

To identify shortcomings and need of farmers at panchayat level in agriculture

and allied sectors and make recommendations for fulfilling the same.

To have well defined soil maps at panchayat level for effective

implementation of soil fertility management programmes.

Expected outcome:

A precise book on Block Level Plan for each block which will act as a guide

for future government programmes and schemes.

Identification of farm level changes in light of globalization and changing

climatic conditions.

DETAIL OF FACILITIES REQUIRED

Contractual Services (in lakh Rs.):

S. No. Contractual

Services

Rate of

payment

(per month)

Years cost

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total Justification

01. SRF 23000/- +

10% HRA 3.31 3.31 3.31 9.93

For assistance in

conducting

experiments,

organizing

trainings and

preparation of

documents/

reports/manuals.

82

Other Operational Services (in lakh Rs.):

S. No. Description of items 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total Justification

1. Vehicle (POL) 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 For visits

2. Working contingencies 3.00 3.00 3.00 9.00 For inputs conducting

experiments, stationary and

other working materials

(including daily wages etc.)

3. Soil Testing 0.00 2.00 2.00 4.00

4. PRA 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 For making arrangements

of assembly and

refreshment

5. TA 1.00 1.50 1.50 4.00 For traveling selected

blocks of Reasi district

related to project

6. Preparation and

publication of Block

Level Plan etc. (several

copies for 4 blocks)

0 0 2.00 2.00 To document the

cultivation technique.

7. Miscellaneous (farm

inputs etc.)

0.50 0.50 0.50 1.50 Other requirements which

may come up during

project work

Total 6.50 9.00 11.00 26.50

List of equipment required:

S.

No.

Name of equipment Quantity/No. Approx. cost

(in lakh Rs.)

01. Laptop with printer etc. One set 1.00

02. Video camera One 0.50

Total 1.50

83

Budget requirement

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total

A Recurring

1. Contractual

services

2. Operational

services

3.31

6.50

3.31

9.00

3.31

11.00

9.93

26.50

Sub Total of A 9.81 12.31 14.31 36.43

B Non recurring

Equipments 1.50 - - 1.50

C Institutional charges

@ 10 per cent

0.981 1.231 1.131 3.643

Grand Total (A+B+C) 12.291 13.541 15.441 41.573

(Rupees Forty one lakhs fifty seven thousand and three hundred only)

84

Table 23: Financial Summary of Plan Proposals under RKVY for District Reasi

for 12th

F. Y. Plan under Agriculture Sector (STREAM I)

S.

No

Name of the scheme/programme Financial requirement for project period

(Rs in lacs)

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total

1 Water Resource Development 275.60 551.20 551.20 1378.00

2 Demonstration of Improved Crop

Production Technology

8.520 17.040 17.040 42.60

3 Participatory Seed Production 72.60 145.20 145.20 363.00

4 Development of Rainfed Farming 127.920 255.840 255.840 639.60

5 Promotion of Organic Farming 11.60 23.20 23.20 58.00

6 Off Season Vegetable Cultivation 2.680 5.360 5.360 13.40

7 Innovative Schemes

A Mushroom Development 4.80 9.60 9.60 24.00

B Apiculture Development 13.71 27.43 27.43 68.57

C Agro forestry & Medicinal Plants 4.400 8.800 8.800 22.00

8 Soil Conservation Scheme 1749.85 3499.70 3499.70 8749.25

Research Sector, SKUAST-J 8.315 16.629 16.629 41.573

TOTAL 2280.00 4560.00 4560.00 11399.99

85

CHAPTER-V

STREAM-I, SPECIFIC ALLIED SECTOR PROJECTS

5.1: Introduction

Allied sectors viz., horticulture, sericulture, fisheries etc. have been recognized

as an important source of revenue generation besides a major avenue for employment

generation in the state of Jammu & Kashmir. Reasi district offers great potentialities

for production of different fruit crops and medicinal plants because of varied micro

agro-climatic zones.

The District has privilege of producing different kinds of fruits viz walnut,

apple, pear, apricot in temperate zones while cultivation of olive, pecan nuts and

plums and pears offer scope for cultivation in sub-temperate areas whereas mango,

citrus, guava, papaya are successfully grown in sub-tropical areas of the district. As

per preliminary estimates 0.20 lacs of land is available for further expansion under

fruit crops.

The Sericulture industry provides ample opportunities for part time

employment to the rural masses by the active participation of the members of the

family in different activities related to the cocoon production, whereas the cultivation

of mulberry and harvesting of leaf is carried out by the male members of the family,

the women folk looks after the job of silkworm rearing, hence the industry is a means

of empowering the rural women.

Fisheries being one of the major allied activity of the agriculture also play an

important role in increasing food production. Fisheries sector has significant role on

over all economic scenario of the country. In the recent year, the development of

fisheries has been considered to be an important activity because this will not only

provide protein food to rural population but will raise their economic level besides

providing avenues for employment generation for the youth. Fish culture requires less

labor and it is not dependent on the agriculturist great bugbear “the change of

weather”. Anybody with little knowledge and perseverance can take up the fish

culture profitably.

The focus of all proposed interventions under C-DAP will be on the basic

development of agriculture allied sectors in the district for years to come.

86

5.2: HORTICULTURE:

Horticulture has been recognized as an important source of revenue generation

besides a major avenue for employment generation in the state of Jammu & Kashmir

Reasi district offers great potentialities for production of different fruit crops and

medicinal plants because of varied micro agro-climatic zones. The District has

privilege of producing different kinds of fruits viz walnut, apple, pear, apricot in

temperate zones while cultivation of olive, pecan nuts and plums and pears offer

scope for cultivation in sub-temperate areas whereas mango, citrus, guava, papaya are

successfully grown in sub-tropical areas of the district. As per preliminary estimates

0.20 lacs of land is available for further expansion under fruit crops. For increasing

productivity from the existing levels; short, medium and long term strategies are

required to be followed to optimize productivity of fruit crops under C-DAP. The

main approaches to be followed will be area expansion: Diversification-both crops

and varieties to broaden the genetic base of production specific to different agro-

climatic zones in Mahore, Arnas, Reasi and Pouni blocks: improved orchard

management, focus on improved plant protection and water management, re-

plantation and rejuvenation of old orchards and starting of horticulture technology

laboratories, capacity building through training of farmers/orchardists both within and

outside state. Production of quality plant material through modernization of fruit

nurseries would be another thrust area. The focus under the envisaged programmes

will be enhancing productivity through intensification and better input management,

establishment of modern food processing centers for fruit and vegetables at district

level and block level with emphasis on products diversification would also be another

priority.

5.2.1. Project for Top-working of wild desi inferior cultivars of Kainth, Olive,

Ber, Wild Apricot, Mango

Top working holds promise for converting large number of wild desi inferior

cultivars of Kainth, Olive, Ber, Wild Apricot, Peaches, Desi Mango available in the

district with improved cultivars. This technique can help to economically improve the

income of farmers once the top worked trees yield. Under this project, it is proposed

to provide training facilities to local youth in top working techniques. The project also

envisages the labour costs on tree dressing (preparing tree for top-working) cost of

87

scion wood of improved cultivars and skilled labour costs for operation and after care

of top-worked trees. An indicative provision of Rs. 25 per successful top worked tree

is proposed. 1.20 Lac trees with provision of expenditure of Rs. 30 Lacs are proposed

to be targeted from 2009-10 to 2016-17.

Table 24: Project Proposal for Top working of fruit plants (Rs. In lacs)

5.2.2. Project for Gap-filling/Replantation of old orchards

Reasi District is mainly rainfed and irrigation facilities are scanty which

results in high mortality of plant material necessitating gap filling of orchards. A

concerted drive is required for gap-filling of orchards which has poor survival of fruit

plants. Gap-filling in the orchards is proposed to be incentivized as most of the

orchard areas do not maintain the 100 per cent survival percentage which is essential

to obtain high production per unit area. An area of 990 Hectare is proposed for Gap-

filling with outlay of Rs 99.00 lakhs for the year 2009-10 to 2016-17 which has

attained the age of more than 3 years under this revival plan with incentive of

Rs.10,000/Hac.

Table 25: Project proposals for Gap-filling/Replantation of old orchards

S.

No. Block/

Zone

Year wise Area

to be covered

Total Proposed Incentive/ Pit

@ Rs. 10,000/Hac

Total

Financial

(in

lakhs) 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

1 Reasi 60 60 60 180 6.00 6.00 6.00 18.00

2 Pouni 70 70 70 210 7.00 7.00 7.00 21.00

3 Arnas 100 100 100 300 10.00 10.00 10.00 30.00

4 Mahore 100 100 100 300 10.00 10.00 10.00 30.00

Total 330 330 330 990 33.00 33.00 33.00 99.00

Year Arnas

Mahore Reasi Pouni Total

Phy.

(Nos.)

Fin.

(Lacs.)

Phy.

(Nos.)

Fin.

(Lacs.)

Phy.

(Nos.)

Fin.

(Lacs.)

Phy.

(Nos.)

Fin.

(Lacs.)

Phy.

(Nos.)

Fin.

(Lacs.)

2013-14 6000 1.50 12000 3.00 6000 1.50 9000 2.25 33000 8.25

2014-15 7500 1.875 13500 3.375 7500 1.875 12000 3.00 40500 10.125

2015-16 9000 2.25 15000 3.75 9000 2.25 13500 3.375 46500 11.625

Total 22500 5.625 40500 10.125 22500 5.625 34500 8.625 120000 30.00

88

5.2.3. Project Proposal for Improved Water Management

Availability of adequate moisture level in the orchards is critical to obtaining

potential yields. Out of 267881 hectares available in the district, only 1639 hectares is

irrigated. In order to provide the basic input of sufficient irrigation to the old and new

orchard plantation, there is need to build up irrigation infrastructure in the district. All

available water from the regular sources like rainwater streams, rivers is required to

be tapped and properly harnessed. A total fund allocation of 126.00 lakhs is proposed

for 2009-10 to 2016-17 to cover the assistance for building up of infrastructure for

this critical input for Horticulture production. An incentive of Rs. 1.00 lacs is

proposed for coverage of 1ha. plantation for creation of irrigation source viz

construction water tanks, tube well, check dams, lift pumps, construction of Kuhls etc.

Table 26: Project proposals for creation of water resource

Item

Yea

r

Reasi Pouni Arnas Mahore Total

Ph

y.

(Nos.

)

Fin

. (l

acs

)

Ph

y.

(Nos.

)

Fin

. (l

acs

)

Ph

y.

(Nos.

)

Fin

. (l

acs

)

Ph

y.

(Nos.

)

Fin

. (l

acs

)

Ph

y.

(Nos.

) Fin.

(lacs)

Creation

of water

sources for

one

hectare

with

incentive

of Rs. 1

lac per

hac.

plantation

for

constructi

on of

water

storage

tanks/kuhl

/borewell/

check

dams etc.

2014-15

10 10.00 10 10.00 10 10.00 12 12.00 42 42.00

2015-16

10 10.00 10 10.00 10 10.00 12 12.00 42 42.00

2016-17 10 10.00 10 10.00 10 10.00 12 12.00 42 42.00

Total

30 30.00 30 30.00 30 30.00 36 36.00 126 126.00

89

5.2.4. Project Proposal for Protected Cultivation

Under this components an amount of Rs.37.50 lacs is proposed for coverage of

30000 Sq. m area with low cost Polygreen tunnels house. The incentive will help the

farmers to raise off season fruits, vegetables and flowers.

Table 27: Project Proposal for Protected Cultivation

Component

Unit Area to be covered (Sq. m) Amount

(Fin. in lacs))

Total

(Lacs)

2014-

15

2015-

16

2016-

17

Total 2014-

15

2015-

16

2016-

17

Protected

cultivation

(establishment of

low cost

Polygreen houses)

Rs

125/

Sq.

m

10000 10000 10000 30000 12.50 12.50 12.50 37.50

5.2.5. Project Proposal for Production of Quality Planting Material

A) Private Sector:

An amount of Rs. 179 lacs is proposed for establishment of Nurseries in Pvt. as

well as Public Sector. 143.00 lacs is targeted for upgradation, modernization and

improvement and establishment of Public Sector Nurseries in the district to raise the

production of quality plant material where as 36.00 lacs to be provided as incentives

to the farmers for nursery raising in Pvt. Sector. The amount earmarked under Public

Sector Nurseries is to be utilized for modernization, upgradation and improvement of

the existing departmental nurseries in a phased manner.

Table 28: Project Proposal for Production of Quality Planting Material

Component

2009-10 2016-17 2016-17 Total

Phy.

(Ha.)

Fin.

(lacs)

Phy.

(Ha.)

Fin.

(lacs)

Phy.

(Ha.)

Fin.

(lacs)

Phy.

(Ha.

)

Fin.

(lacs)

Establishment of

Nursery in Pvt. Sector @

of Rs. 15000/Kanal

4.00 12.00 4.00 12.00 4.00 12.00 12 36.00

Establishment of

Nursery in Public Sector

@ of Rs.3.00 Lacs/Hect.

Upgradation/Modernizati

on of existing

Departmental Nurseries.

4.00

--

12.00

30.00

4.00

--

12.00

40.00

4.00

--

12.00

37.00

12

--

36.00

107.00

Total 179.00

90

B) Public Sector (Departmental Nurseries):

Project has been formulated for comprehensive upgradation of existing

departmental nurseries with modern facilities in a phased manner. Most of the

nurseries transferred from erstwhile undivided Udhampur District are in dilapidated

condition and has suffered from inadequate funding, poor input management, lack of

irrigation facilities and poor infrastructure in terms of fencing and buildings. An

amount of Rs. 107 Lacs is proposed for improvement of such units in the district for

production of quality plant material. This is in addition to Rs. 36.00 Lacs for targeted

establishment of nurseries 12 hectares @ 3.00 Lacs per hectare.

Table 29: Improvement/Upgradation and modernization of departmental

nurseries/orchards in Reasi District under RKVY

Name of Nursery Zone Gross Area of

Nursery

(hectares)

Financial

Implications

(in lacs)

Pouni Nursery Pouni 4.16 10.00

Dogjibagh Reasi 3.17 8.00

Chamb Reasi 1.33 5.00

Latori Reasi 4.65 12.00

Hunder Arnas 1.54 8.00

Thakrakote Arnas 1.94 4.00

Achrella Mahore 1.60 9.00

Tuli Mahore 2.34 10.00

Sulla Bagh Reasi 2.80 12.00

Tote Reasi 0.31 4.00

Rajbagh Reasi 2.47 10.00

Kaljug Bagh Reasi 1.49 5.00

Shera Kotla Reasi 1.40 10.00

107.00

91

5.2.6. Project proposal Farm Mechanization

Through this intervention, the project proposals envisages incentives to

orchardists fruit growers to increase productivity of fruit crops and also improve

human efficiency. Incentives to the tune of Rs. 55.60 Lacs have been proposed on

Manual Operated Spray Pumps, Diesel Engine Irrigation Pumps, Orchard Ladders,

Tree Pruners and Power Tillers etc

Objective: To improve the orchard management through intervention of farm

machinery/diesel engines/Irrigation Sets/Plant Protection Machinery.

Table 30: Project proposal Farm Mechanization

S.

No

Component Year Physical Financial

(in Lacs)

1. Manually

Operated

Equipment

@ Rs. 2000/-

2014-15

600 12.00

2015-16

600 12.00

2016-17 610 12.10

2. Irrigation Pumps

@ 10000/-

2014-15

30 3.00

2015-16

30 3.00

2016-17 30 3.00

3. Power

Tillers/Tractors

@ Rs. 0.50 Lacs

2014-15

5 2.50

2015-16

5 2.50

2016-17 5 2.50

4. Power Operated

Equipment

@ 10000/-

2014-15

10 1.00

2015-16

10 1.00

2016-17 10 1.00

55.60

92

5.2.7. Project for promotion of Organic Farming and Vermi compost units

Reasi District has traditional strength in the use of FYM and organic waste for

farming activities in villages. Recycling of Farm waste for nutrition by the plants is

not done in a proper way. An amount of Rs. 35.10 Lacs is proposed fo the year 2009-

10 to 2016-17 with incentive of Rs. 10,000/- for organic farming and Rs. 30,000/- for

setting up of Vermi-compost Unit.

Objective: To increase the productivity of fruit crops, improving soil health through

recycling farm waster and cow dung.

Table 31: Project proposal Farm Mechanization Organic Farming and Vermi

compost units

Block Activity Year Incentive on

promotion of

organic farming @

Rs.10,000/-

Establishing of

vermi compost per

unit @ Rs30,000

Physical Financial

(in Lacs)

Physical Financial

(in Lacs)

Reasi Manually Operated

Equipment

@ Rs. 2000/-

2014-15 10 1 5 1.5

2015-16 12 1.2 5 1.5

2016-17 15 1.5 5 1.5

Pouni Irrigation Pumps @

10000/-

2014-15 10 1 5 1.5

2015-16 12 1.2 5 1.5

2016-17 15 1.5 5 1.5

Arnas Power

Tillers/Tractors

@ Rs. 0.50 Lacs

2014-15 10 1 5 1.5

2015-16 12 1.2 5 1.5

2016-17 15 1.5 5 1.5

.Mahore Power Operated

Equipment

@ 10000/-

2014-15 15 1.5 5 1.5

2015-16 20 2 5 1.5

2016-17 25 2.5 5 1.5

Total 17.10 18.00

Grand Total 35.10

5.2.8. Project proposal for Area Expansion Programme

The project aims to bring more area under orchards with improved cultivars in

Sub-tropical and Sub-temperate and Temperate zones in the District. The fruit crops

of Mango, Citrus, Walnut, Guava, Apple, Pecan nut, Olive & Pomegranate are

proposed to be encouraged in three years with indicative unit cost of Rs. 60,000 per

93

hectare with 50 percent expenditure (Rs. 30,000/-) for the first year and Rs. 12,000/-

and Rs. 18000/- for second and third year subsequently. 1530 Hectare area is targeted

under this component. The incentives on cost of plant material, digging and refilling

of pits, plant protection measures, fencing etc are proposed.

Table 32: Project proposal for Area Expansion Programme

Fruit Crop Area Cost (in Lacs)

Apple 300 180

Walnut/Pecannut 300 180

Citrus 300 180

Mango 150 90

Stone Fruits 150 90

Aonla 75 45

Guava 75 45

Litchi 75 45

Olive 105 63

Total 1530 918

Table 33: Year wise Project proposal for Area Expansion Programme

Zone 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total

Phy

(in Ha)

Fin

(in Lacs)

Phy

(in Hac)

Fin

(in Lacs)

Phy

(in Hac)

Fin

(in Lacs)

Phy

(in Hac)

Fin

(in Lacs)

Reasi 120 72 120 72 120 72 360 216

Pouni 120 72 120 72 120 72 360 216

Arnas 120 72 120 72 120 72 360 216

Mahore 150 90 150 90 150 90 450 270

Total 510 306 510 306 510 306 1530 918

5.2.9. Project proposal for Promotion of Kitchen Gardening Scheme (Phaldasta

Scheme) for establishment of nutritional fruit gardens

In order to promote backyard farming and utilization of available space, it is

proposed to start kitchen gardening scheme in the District. The department will

provide kit of fruit plants comprising of 10 fruits of improved cultivars to the

beneficiaries along with provision of one pruning secateurs. This will also help to

raise the nutritional status of the farming community by fruit consumption.

94

Table 34: Promotion of Kitchen Gardening Scheme

5.2.10. Project proposal for Fruit & Vegetable Processing Facility Unit and

Information Center

Objective: To make available the facilities of fruit and vegetable processing at the

District/Block level and also to provide Training facilities in the far-flung areas. It is

proposed to set up Fruit & vegetable Facility Unit at Tehsil level with training halls

and laboratory equipments. These centers besides providing facilities of community

fruit and vegetable processing will also provide facilities for training of local youth.

Further, these units shall be utilized as information centers and these centers shall be

fully equipped with computer and internet facility with latest gadgets to provide

market information.

Table 35: Fruit and vegetable processing facility unit and infrastructure

Zone 2009-10 2016-17 2016-17 Total

Phy Fin

(in Lacs)

Phy Fin

(in

Lacs)

Phy Fin

(in

Lacs)

(in Lacs)

Reasi 1 75 -- -- -- -- 75

Pouni -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Arnas -- -- 1 75 -- -- 75

Mahore -- -- -- -- 1 75 75

Total 75 75 75 225

Block Year Physical

(No. of Kits)

Financial

(Amt. in Lacs)

Reasi 2009-10 1000 0.60

2016-17 1000 0.60

2016-17 1000 0.60

Pouni 2009-10 600 0.36

2016-17 600 0.36

2016-17 600 0.36

Arnas 2009-10 500 0.30

2016-17 500 0.30

2016-17 500 0.30

Mahore 2009-10 500 0.30

2016-17 500 0.30

2016-17 500 0.30

Total 4.68

95

Table 36: Summary of the Project Proposals for Development of Horticulture

S.

No

Name of the Project Amount Involved

2009-10 to 2016-17

(in Lacs)

1 Project for Top-working of wild desi inferior

cultivars of Kainth, Olive, Ber, Wild Apricot, Mango.

30.00

2 Project for Gap-filling/Replantation of old orchards 99.00

3 Project Proposal for Improved Water Management 126.00

4 Project Proposal for Protected Cultivation 37.50

5 Project Proposal for Production of Quality Planting

Material

179.00

6 Project Proposal for Farm Mechanization 55.60

7 Project for promotion of Organic Farming and Vermi

compost units

35.10

8 Project proposal for Area Expansion Programme.

Expansion of area under improved varieties of fruit

crops

918.00

9 Project proposal for Promotion of Kitchen Gardening

Scheme (Phaldasta Scheme) for establishment of

nutritional fruit gardens.

4.68

10 Project proposal for Construction of Community

Fruit and Vegetable Processing Centre-cum-Training

Centres.

225.00

Total 1709.88

96

5.3. FLORICULTURE:

Flowers are an integral part of human civilization and culture, floriculturist have

played an important role in the development of our philosophies and religious. In our

increasingly degraded environment, floriculture has much to learn about the

interaction between plants and humans in order to play their role in the carrying

plants. They have also to learn how these plants can contribute to the well being of

the disabled, elderly, urban dwellers, children and others isolated from plants. This is

integral for the future growth of floriculture.

Floriculture is a fast emerging and highly competitive industry with the

continuous introduction of new cultivars and even new crops, cultural techniques are

changing and hence new products are developing. Ornamental crops cultural

technology is improving with the availability of equipment and there is sea change in

the trend of the consumers. A new generation of growers is coming forward to

employee modern technology for maximizing production and offer quality produce

for consumer‟s acceptability, thus fetching a better price. It has emerged as a

lucrative profession with a much higher potential for returns compared to other agri-

horticulture crops. The science and art of commercial floriculture has been

recognized as an economic activity with the potential for generating employment and

earning valuable foreign exchange. For any country to diversify its agriculture base

geared towards export, the ornament crop industry presents one of the most

interesting and viable options. The aesthetic value of flowers and ornamental plants,

their use in social events, over all satisfaction in working with them and high income

generating power for attracting modern entrepreneurs to invest money in the

floriculture industry. The demand for flowers and ornaments plants for different

needs like religious official ceremonies, parties, house decorations, weddings,

funerals etc. is on the rise.

Project Proposal for Floriculture Development

Giving the details of important and introductory notes on the industry of

floriculture, a need has arisen to overcome the demand of ornamental flowers a large

chunk of land strip at the foothills of Dhar-Vaishno Devi/ Shiv Khori/ Baba Aghar

Jitto in Distt. Reasi is being selected for floriculture industry comprising of 2114 ha.

Of land has cultural able waste in 18 villages of six panchayats. A comprehensive

97

project report is being prepared for advance commercial floriculture of this chunk of

land to cater the demand of ornamental flowers of Reasi District especially for

religious and marriage purpose.

Table 37: The cultural waste areas of villages selected

S. No. Name of the

village

Area (ha) S. No. Name of the

village

Area (In Ha.)

1 Kundrorian 117 10 Dhanori 18

2 Aril Hansoli 94 11 Phenga 82

3 Hut 21 12 Aghar Jitto 30

4 Akhali 26 13 Ransoo 875

5 Button 35 14 Damli

6 Saroon 126 15 Kotla

7 Parthal 19 16 Pora Jagir

8 Kotli Bajathian 70 17 Kalah 291

9 Latori 8 18 Dehote 302

Grand Total: 2114 ha.

98

Table 38: Estimated Cost of Floriculture Items @4 Kanal/ Farmer for 50 Farmers

S.No. Item No. Estimated

Unit Cost

(in Rs.)

Unit 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total amount

(in lacs)

Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy. Fin.

1. Rose 68700 Kanal 15 10.305 15 10.305 20 13.740 50 34.35

2. Chrysanthemum 31000 Kanal 15 4.650 15 4.650 20 6.200 50 15.50

3. Marigold 5400 Kanal 15 0.810 15 0.81 20 1.080 50 2.70

4. Gladiolus 43000 Kanal 15 6.450 15 6.450 20 8.600 50 21.50

5. Water Harvesting

Tank (RCC)

50000 No. 15 7.500 15 7.50 20 10.000 50 25.00

6. Sprinkler Units 40000 No. 15 6.000 15 6.000 20 8.00 50 20.00

7. Poly Green House 25000 No. 15 3.750 15 3.750 20 5.00 50 12.50

8. Pump Sets 20000 No. 15 3.000 15 3.000 20 4.00 50 10.00

9. Pump Sets (Manual) 10000 No. 15 1.5 15 1.5 20 2.00 50 05.00

10. Added unforeseen

works 5%

2.25 2.25 2.80 50 7.30

Total 15 46.215 15 46.215 20 61.420 50 153.85

99

5.4: SERICULTURE:

At present more than 650 families are practicing Sericulture in Reasi in 120

villages who mostly are marginal or landless. They produce about 20 MT of cocoons

annually. The annual income generated by these families by way of selling their

cocoon is about Rs.11 lacs.

There are 12 mulberry nurseries in the district spread over an area of 317

Kanals. About 1 lac standard plants are raised from the nurseries annually and planted

in the field through farmers in their land holdings and on Govt. land.

In addition there are 11 No‟s of mulberry farms covering an area of 340

Kanal. 37530 no. of mulberry plants are existing in these farms. The mulberry leaf

available is utilized by the cocoon growers who mostly are landless and have no

plantation of their own. These leaf reserves help them to improve their economic

condition by adopting Silkworm Rearing for production of Cocoon.

21 Incubation centers and 05 no. of CRC‟s are set up annually where about

850 Ozs of Seed is incubated and hatched silkworms are distributed among the

cocoon growers, out of which about 15% hatched Silkworms are reared upto Chawki;

Production & Productivity

Cocoon Production in the district is about 20 MT annually and productivity of

cocoon is around 23 Kgs / per unit as against a potential of more than 50 Kgs per

ounce of seed. This gap can be minimized by providing improved mulberry variety

saplings to the farmers for conduct of massive plantation, better silkworm seed and

better cocoon rearing facilities for improving quality of cocoons. Strengthening

traditional area and tapping of new areas, adaptations of cluster approach etc.

Table 39: Glimpses of Progress made in Sericulture

Year Silkworm

rearing

family

(No‟s)

Seed

reared

(Ozs.)

Cocoon

Harvested

(MT)

Pro

duct

ivi

ty

Income

Generated

(Lac/Rs.)

Average

price per

Kg.

Plants

distributed

(Lac/No‟s)

2004-05 665 975 18 19 14.50 240 1.30

2005-06 698 1055 23 22 18.00 234 1.25

2006-07 715 1055 25.5 24 21.68 255 1.58

2007-08 690 825 21 25 14.13 202 1.71

2008-09 615 835 19 23 10.86 190 1.00

100

Thrust area:-

For sustained development of the industry during C-DAP following thrust

areas have been identified.

Conduct of mulberry plantation in cluster

Popularization of community chawki rearing concepts

Strengthening of existing mulberry nurseries.

Popularization of various organic Manuring.

Providing of rearing appliances to the silkworm rearers.

Construction of rearing houses for silkworm rearers.

Supply of disease control chemical

Human resource development

Construction of cocoon auction market

Table 40: Present status and targets envisage by the end of XII-Plan under

rainfed conduction.

S.

No.

Area of activity Unit Present Status Target by the

end of XII-

Plan

1 Effective mulberry Acreage Hac 180 215

2 Annual field plantation L/No‟s 1.10 1.50

3 Mulberry tree plantation L/No‟s 3.20 4.00

4 Mulberry leaf available

(estimated)

MT 1000 1300

5 Incubation centers & CRCs No‟s 26 30

6 Silkworm Seed distributed Ozs. 835 1000

7 Rearing families No‟s 615 1000

8 Cocoon crop yield Kgs 23 35

9 Cocoon production MT 19 35

10 Income generation L/Rs. 10.86 25

Sericulture has good acceptability in rural areas as the most of the families

associated with Sericulture belongs to economically weaker sections of the societies

who mostly belongs to SC/ST and the marginal or landless farmers.

Projects for Sericulture Development

101

5.4.1. Popularization of Vermi organic mannure:-

Vermi compost pits are proposed to be constructed at Pamote, Gran, Maslote,

Panasa, Baddar, Hornoti, Pouni and Banna. An amount of Rs.2.80 lacs is proposed for

the scheme.

5.4.2. Strengthened of mulberry nurseries / farm by providing irrigation

An amount of Rs. 21.00 Lacs will be required for raising standard mulberry

plants in existing nurseries. Since Reasi is a hilly district and in the area where

Sericulture nurseries are existing there are very less chances of getting water as a

source of irrigation after digging bore well except mulberry nursery Pamote and

mulberry farm Nomain (Katra). In order to meet the demand of mulberry plants in

view of the proposed targets of mulberry plantation to produce targeted cocoon

production. It is proposed to convert Nomain Mulberry Farm in mulberry nursery to

cater the need of mulberry plants in case if water source becomes available through

dug sell. The total area of the mulberry farm is about 100 kanals out of which about

20 kanals of land will be covered under nursery and remaining 80 kanals will remain

under mulberry block for which a revised proposal will be submitted next year.

5.4.3. Conduct of mulberry plantation in cluster

To achieve the projected targets of cocoon production massive plantation of

IMV will be conducted in field about 1.00-1.20 lac no‟s of standardized plants

annually. About 35 Hec. of land will be brought under mulberry during the project

period.

(a) Cluster plantation through farmers

During the plan period 1200 clusters will be established in private sector through

farmers in their land holdings. Each cluster will be of 300 mulberry plants. An

amount of Rs. 41.39 lacs will be required for the said scheme for planting 3.55 lac

no‟s of mulberry plants in the district.

(b) Cluster plantation through department

During the plan period 45000 mulberry plants will be planted in Govt./State

land for which an amount of Rs.3.15 lacs will be required.

5.4.4. Popularization of community Chawki rearing centers

Young age silkworm rearing is the most delicate stage when adequate

attention is needed for better growth and healthy development of silkworms. Proper

maintenance of hygrothermic conditions for successful raising of cocoon crop.

102

In order to provide congenial conditions for growth of silkworm common

facility in the shape of community rearing halls are proposed to be raised where

farmers can rearer silkworms co-operatively up to Chawki stage. This will ensure

better production and productivity. It is proposed to raised 4 CRC‟s one each in

Pouni and Arnas and 2 in Katra with the rearing capacity of 50 Ozs. Of Silkworm

seed upto Chawki. @ Rs.6 lacs each. These CRC‟s will also be provided rearing

equipment in the shape of plastic moulded reeling trays. Plastic moulded crates, Iron

rearing stands, Sagries, Hygrometer etc. costing to Rs.1.70 lacs. An amount of

Rs.31.00 lacs will be required during the plan period.

5.4.5. Supply of silkworm disease control chemical / bed disinfectant

Silkworm being delicate is attached by the various pathogens like virous

bacteria, protozone and fungus when the rearing is conducted under un-hygenic

conditions. This leads to partial or whole loss of silkworms. For disease management

during silkworm rearing it is proposed to provide bed disinfectants like Vijetha and

surface disinfectant like Chlorine dioxide. The financial involvement will be to the

tune of Rs. 3.51 lacs.

Similarly for mass disinfections of rearers houses and their equipment man

power will be required for which an expenditure for Rs. 0.30 lacs has been estimated.

5.4.6. Providing of rearing appliances to the silkworm rearers

The age old method of silkworm rearing is still being practiced which not only

results in low crop production and lesser productivity but also effects the quality of

the cocoon. Adaptation of improved rearing technologies are required to be adopted

for which recommended appliances will be provided to farmers for rearing of

silkworms @ Rs. 20,000/- per beneficiaries. The objective of the scheme is to rearer

silkworms under hygienic condition to minimize mortality of silkworms. Increase in

space will help minimization of missing of silkworms at young stage. It will help in

increasing production, productivity and quality of cocoon.

Under the scheme it is proposed to cover 100 silkworm rearers during the

project period. The amount required is to the tune of Rs. 18.00 lacs as 10% is the

beneficiary share in the form of appliances.

5.4.7. Construction of Rearing houses

Silkworm rearing is generally conducted in dwelling houses which causes lot

of in-conveniences to the rearers and his family on one hand and on the other hand

103

package of practices for rearing can not be adopted. As a result the rearing is

conducted under un-hygienic condition in a limited space in dense population. This

result in out break of diseases and loss of crop is partially or wholly.

To overcome this difficulty, it is proposed to provide 192 rearing houses in the

district costing one lac each as per the scheme of Central Silk board (GOI). An

amount of Rs. 171.00 lacs will be required as 10% is the beneficiary share. The

objective of the scheme is to provide separate space for raising of silkworms under

hygienic conditions with a view to increase productivity and quality of cocoons and

the increase the space will ensure increase in cocoon production.

5.4.8. Construction of cocoon auction market

Department of Sericulture is organizing cocoon auction market in the state at

about 24 places to facilitate the sale of cocoon in competitive basis through auction

after publicizing the marketing calendar within and out-side the state widely. After the

creation of Reasi as new district the marketing of cocoon is being conducted in rented

accommodation. It is proposed to construct one cocoon auction market at Reasi. An

amount of Rs.20.00 lac is proposed for the scheme.

104

Table 41: Proposed Physical and Financial Targets for Sericulture for 12th

F.Y. Plan (Rs. In lakh)

Name of Activity Unit Cost (Rs) 2009-10 2016-17 2016-17

Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin.

1. Construction of vermi compost trenches of 16'x8'

capacity with thatched roofing in mulberry nurseries

including cost of material like organic manure etc.

@ Rs 35000/- 3 1.05 3 1.05 2 0.7

2. Installation of bore well with submersible pump in

nurseries with 100 yard depth.

3.5/- lakh 1 3.50 1 3.50 1 3.50

3.Use of mulberry cutting preparation machine in

Mulberry nurseries

Rs 20000/- 3 0.60 - - - -

5. Maintenance of mulberry plants in the nurseries

including cost of inputs

@ Rs. 3/- per

plant

1.20 3.60 1.20 3.60 1.50 4.50

6. Mulberry cluster plantation on Govt./State Plan @ Rs. 7/- per

plant

0.15 1.05 0.15 1.05 0.15 1.05

7. Mulberry cluster plantation through farmers @ Rs. 11.66/-

paisa through

zamindars

1.05 12.24 1.15 13.41 1.35 15.74

8. Construction of Community Chawki Rearing Centres

having capacity of incubating 50 Ozs. of silkworm Seed.

a) For construction of building Rs. 6.00/- lakhs 2 12.00 1 6.00 1 6.00

b) For purchse of equipment viz. leaf chopping

machine, Seri humidifier, trays, Iron stand etc.

Rs. 1.60/- lakhs 2 3.20 1 1.60 1 1.60

105

9. Mass disinfections programme for disease management in silkworm rearers houses

a. Supply of Disinfectants like Chlorine Dioxide etc for

650-800 rearing families

Rs. 150/- per

farmer

650 1.00 700 1.05 800 1.20

b. Supply of bed disinfectants for 850-900 Ozs. of seed Rs. 150/- per

ozs. of seed

850 1.30 875 1.30 900 1.35

c. Manpower required for disinfections of rearing houses

for disease control.

01 manday for

10 houses

650 0.050 700 0.050 800 0.060

10. Engagement of master rearer for effective supervision

of rearing in farmers houses @ 30 houses per master rearer

for 40 days rearing.

01 manday for

30 houses

650 0.80 700 0.820 800 0.84

11. Providing of Rearing euipments i.e. Rearing trays, Iron

stands, Plastic Moulded Crates etc. to the farmers for

upgradation of their rearing skill.

Rs. 20000/- 8 16 60 12 60 12

12. Providing of rearing accommodations to silkworm

rearers by construction of rearing house/shed

Rs. 1.00/- Lakh 3.20 70 70 70 60 60

13. Construction of Cocoon Auction Market. Rs. 20.00/- lakh 1.00 20 - - - -

Total (Financil involvement) 151.89 121.23 114.04

106

5.5. FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT

Introduction

This newly created district has a vast potential for development of fisheries as

the district is blessed with large number of water bodies like rivers, streams, nallahs

and a reservoir. But due to mountainous and undulating topography, not much

utilization of water is possible. The district is prone to drought as not much irrigation

facility is available as only small area has been brought under irrigation. There are

about 20 community and 14 private ponds in the district which are presently under

fish culture with a total water area of about 6 hectares. These community ponds are

also used to cater the need of water for cattle and even people in surrounding areas.

These ponds used to act as recharge of ground water table as also for fish culture to

boost the economic condition of the rural population besides providing fish as cheap

protein source to the poor people especially undernourished children and women folk

as also a source of income generation for the local population.

Aquaculture alone with uni-dimensional approach and thrust on crop

production only may find itself short of generating adequate income and employment

to the rural population. It is therefore essential to have holistic approach to the rural

development, where agro industries could open fresh grounds and find a new thrust.

Fresh water aquaculture has become very popular in the country and the latest

technologies being extensively adopted on a large scale in almost all parts the country.

Fisheries sector is only an instrument of livelihood for a large section of economically

backward population of the area. Fish has an untaken relevance to the nutrition of ill

nourished millions. Fish culture is an important source of improving livelihood and

nutrition of people and is being increasingly adopted to maximize profit. The

economic returns from the fish farming are much higher than those of crop

cultivation.

Fisheries being one of the major allied activity of the agriculture and play an

important role in increasing food production. Fisheries sector has significant role on

over all economic scenario of the country. In the recent year, the development of

fisheries has been considered to be an important activity because this will not only

provide protein food to rural population but will raise their economic level besides

providing avenues for employment generation for the youth. Fish culture requires less

labor and it is not dependent on the agriculturist great bugbear “the change of

107

weather”. Anybody with little knowledge and perseverance can take up the fish

culture profitably.

The natural water resources have been the source of fish production from time

immemorial, but there is great depletion due to various anthropogenic activities

causing threat to many species. In order to meet this challenge focal attention has

been directed at finding ways as how the fisheries resources could be protected

preserved conserved and brought under aquaculture through efforts of various

developmental activities and to bring Blue Revolution.

Culture fishery as compared to capture fishery promises for regular fish supply and

better production per hectare of water area. Despite of great potential of fisheries in

Jammu and Kashmir, the level of production and productivity has not been adequate

and there is large gap between potential and actual yield. The gap between the

production and the demand can only be fulfilled by undertaking fish culture.

Therefore, there is a dire need for establishment of various fisheries units to

exploit the fisheries resources judiciously. Since most of the aquatic resources are

located in rural areas and mobilization of these resources may prove a boom in

improving the socio-economic condition of the rural masses.

The fisheries resources of the district Reasi may be classified as under:-

Rivers 500 km

Ponds 6 hectare

Reservoir 10 hectare

The major rivers in the district are:- Chenab, Ans, Rud, Anji, Pai, Ban Ganga, Pouni

tawi, and other small rivulets.

Project Proposal for Increase in Fish Production

There are a number of small snow fed nallahs and streams in Mahore area with

cold waters, which can be used for trout culture and running water fish culture of

Chinese carps in the area where suitable land is available. The topography of the area

is not such that large ponds can be constructed but small ponds can be possible in this

area. In other blocks of the district plain, land is available for the construction of fish

ponds depending on the availability of water source.

Objectives of the proposed schemes:

1. Increase Fish production from Natural and Man made water resources.

2. Popularize Fish Farming in private sector.

108

3. Create unemployment avenues in fisheries sector.

4. Improve health status of ill nourished population by providing cheap

proteinacious fish food.

5. Reduce the gap between production and demand.

6. To train the Fish Farmers with innovative techniques of fresh water

aquaculture.

7. To promote entrepreneurship in rural population and make them economically

self sufficient.

8. To up-lift the socio- economic status of the rural populace.

IMPLEMENTATIONAL PLAN:

AQUACULTURE

The fisheries sector in the district is mainly capture in nature and is based on

riverine resource only. There are about 255 numbers of villages in the district as per

the 2001 census. There are 269 numbers of registered fishermen in the district who

are involved in fishing trade. The total fish catch in the district is 116509kgs from the

riverine source. The total value of the fish catch is Rs 58, 25,450.

S.

NO

ITEM Total fish catch /

production

Value of fish

catch

1. No. of active fishermen 269 116509kgs Rs 58,25,450

2. No. of pvt. Ponds 12 400 kgs Rs 20,000

It is obvious from the table that the main fish production in the district is from

the natural resources and there is very little production from the culture system which

is not well developed. There is need for the creation of the infrastructure in the form

of ponds for increasing the fish production from the culture system as the natural

resources are depleted due to over exploitation and various anthropogenic activities.

CULTURE FISHERIES

Construction of ponds

There are total 12 ponds in the district under private sector with a total area

of more than 1 hectare. Out of these 12 ponds, 05 ponds are in block Reasi, 02 in

block Pouni , 03 in block Mahore, and 02 in block Arnas. There is not much fish

production in the district from private sector due to less water area under culture.

109

There is a need to bring more area under fish culture by creating more ponds under

private sector to boost the fish production besides creating employment opportunities

to the rural youth. There is a potential for construction of ponds in different areas of

the district where the suitable land and water facility is available.

Table 42: Project Proposal for Fisheries Development

S.

No

Scheme/Component

Year-wise Physical/Financial Targets

2014-15

Targets

2015-16

Projections

2016-17

Projections

Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin

A NMPS

1 Propogation of Trout Culture in Pvt.

Sector

1 2.40 1 2.40 1 2.40

2 Propogation of Carp Culture in Pvt.

Sector

4 6.00 6 9.00 6 9.00

3 Training & Extension - - 1 0.40 1 0.40

4 Revolving Fund for Feed Mill Manasbal - - - - - -

5 Incentives on input cost of Feed/Seed to

the Trout fish farmers

4 0.541 4 0.40 4 0.40

6 Project Implementation Cost - - - 0.25 - 0.25

7 Administrative Charges - - - 0.25 - 0.25

Total

8.941

12.7

12.7

B RKVY

1 Incentive on

i Cost of Feed/Seed to the private fish

farmers

5 0.25 6 0.30 6 0.30

ii Tool kits for fish vendors dealing in

retail market

4 0.20 4 0.20 4 0.20

Total

0.45 0.5 0.5

Grand Total

9.391 13.2 13.2

Total Outlay: Rs. 35.791 Lacs

110

5.6. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY:

Introduction

According to the 18th

live stock census of 2007, the total live stock population

of the district is 330000. Traditionally the live stock rearing community like gujjar,

bakarwal and gaddi drive their livelihood for live stock. 15 artificial insemination

centres are functioning in the district but with this arrangement we are able to cover

only 15 % of the cattle population. Thereby much remains to be done in this scheme.

The entire live stock population could not be brought under cross breeding with

frozen semen technology due to various contributing factors including lack of roads

connectivity difficult terrain and backward ness of the district.

Keeping in view the need for further development in these areas

department proposed to undertake activities under C-DAP for the economical

upliftment of live stock owners through cattle development, health coverage and

strengthening of infrastructure and poultry development

Project Proposal for Development of Animal Husbandry

5.6.1. CATTLE DEVELOPMENT

Genetic up gradation of indigenous cows (Non-Discriopt) local or being

upgraded by cross breeding programme with jersey and H-F bulls in the rural areas

for ensuring overall development and economic status of the area to increase the level

of production of milk and the same time increase the drought power. Per capita

availability of milk in the district is 150 Gms is only against the recommended

requirement of 265 Gms at National level. So in order to fill the gap of production

and demand the plan proposal under the scheme is submitted physically and

financially in the Annexure enclosed under the following heads:-

a) Purchase and supply of artificial insemination equipments (CRYOCANS)

55ltr, 35 Ltr and 3.9 ltr.

b) Establishment of two animals daily units (improved breed) from outside of

the district on 50% assistance with maximum 1000 per unit with

transportation charges @ Rs.500 per unit.

c) Purchase and supply of cattle feed on 25% assistance with milk rate in the

village itself.

111

d) Training of unemployed local youth from the covered village by the

department with Rs. 1000 per month as training allowances for three months

(10 youths form each block).

e) Awareness-cum-treatment camps at village level in order to update with the

latest departmental activities to the farmers bay awareness camps/ Kissan

conferences/ calf rallies etc. shall be organized at regular interval to create

awareness in live stock and poultry sectors. 10 such camps are proposed per

year in each block at the cast of Rs.2000 per annum.

f) Purchase of bulls cow bulls five in each block @ Rs 50000 per bull & also

to provide feed and fodder to that community bulls @ Rs. 60000/bull/year .

5.6.2. HEALTH COVERAGE: (Animal Health and Control of Diseases)

For obtaining the maximum productivity potential of the cross breed progeny

it is essential to provide better treatment and health facilities. The budget allocation

for purchase of medicines and vaccine are inadequate i.e. Rs.4 - 6 per live stock per

annum. As per the routine three times in a year dosing against endo/ ecto parasite is

required maintaining the health status of the animals feeds supplements/ mineral

mixture calcium and essential vitamins shall be added in the daily ration for the

animal specially the high mi8lk yielder in order to obtain the maximum milk

production. There is a huge gap between the supply and demand as per the present

status. The entire live stock needs proper vaccination against these diseases well in

time but the supply of vaccine is not sufficient to provide vaccination to whole

population in the district. So in order to obtain better productivity and provide

vaccination cove the proposal has been made for purchase of drugs medicine / vaccine

in the plan proposals.

5.6.3. STRENGTHENING OF INFRASTRUCTURE

Majority of the field centre of the department in the district are functioning in the

rented buildings most of which are kaccha, one room accommodation provision of all

the service of the department from such accommodation are not possible. The costly

medicine/vaccine cannot be stored in the proper way in such type of accommodation.

It is as such proposed to construct accommodation for field veterinary institution five

buildings in each year at the cost of Rs.7.00 Lacs per building in phased manner

besides provision of repair and renovation of existing infrastructure has also been

made in the project.

112

5.6.4. Poultry Development

In order to popularize the poultry sector in under developed area of the district

and to provide nutritious diet to the human p[population. The poultry are reared in

hilly and backward area of the district in each house hold but of not improved breed.

Thereby maximum meat and egg production is not obtained. The department is

providing the birds of improved breed for establishment of backyard poultry unit in

the district. The funds abatable with the departments are also meager that the demand

of the public can not be fulfilled. It is proposed to provide 50% assistance for

establishment of backyard poultry units 500 units per year in each block.

5.4.4. National Mission for Protein Supplement (NMPS)

S.

No

Components

(No. of animals) Physical Targets & Financial Targets in Lacs

1st Year

(2014-15)

2nd

Years

(2015-16)

3rd

Year

(2016-17)

Total

Phy.

(No.)

Fin. Phy.

(No.)

Fin. Phy.

(No.)

Fin. Phy. Fin.

1. Establishment of

Dairy Units 0.00 0.00 100 12.50 100 12.50 200 25.00

2. Provision of

Chelated mineral

mixture, vitamin A,

E & D3 and

Anthelmintic dosing

to pre-parturient

cross bred cows in

advanced pregnancy

0.00 0.00 1000 8.40 1000 8.40 2000 16.80

3.A Genetic upgradation

of indigenous cattle

in uncovered areas

through A.I. by

providing incentives

for A.I. and

nutitional

requirement during

pregnancy

0.00 0.00 1000 14.80 1000 14.80 2000 29.60

3.B. Provision of feed to

the pregnant

indigenous bovines

for meeting the

requirement of

backlog of 2014-15

(previous years)

0.00 0.00 - 10.00 - 10.00 - 20.00

4. Provision of dairy

equipments and

mastitis kit for cross

bred bovines

0.00 0.00 100 10.00 100 10.00 200 20.00

Total 0.00 0.00 2200 55.70 2200 55.70 4400 111.40

113

Table 43: Budget allocation for development of Animal Husbandry Department

S.

No.

Name of the component 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

Phy. Fin Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin

1. Genetic Up-Gradation

a) a) Establishment of Dairy

Units

200 20.0 150 15.00 150 15.00

b) b) Transportation of Dairy

Animals from outside the

District

10 7.50 7.50

c) c) Supply of Cattle Feed 4000 10 3000 7.50 3000 7.50

2. Poultry Development

Establishment of Backyard

Poultry Units

2000 5.00 2000 5.00 2000 5.00

3. Health Coverage

a) Drugs/Dosing/treatment 3 40.00 3 30.00 3 30.00

b) Supply of feed supplement

/ Mineral mixture,

Calcium & vitamins

2 50.00 1.5 37.50 1.5 37.50

c) Purchase of Breeding

Bulls

12 6.00 8 4.00 8 4.00

d) Purchase of AI

equipments

50 9.20 - - - -

e) Training of Unemployed

Rural Youth

20 0.60 20 0.60 - -

f) Awareness and treatment

camp

40 0.60 40 0.60 40 0.60

g) Vaccination 2 20.00 1.5 15.00 15 15.00

4. Infrastructure

a) Construction of Veterinary

Dispensary 5 buildings per

year

10 70.00 8 56.00 7 49.00

b) Transportation Vehicle

(Truck)

1 8.00 - - - -

5. NMPS 0.00 0.00 2200 55.70 2000 55.70

Total 249.40 234 227.20

G Total= 710.60

114

5.7. SHEEP HUSBANDRY

Intrtoduction:

The district Reasi is ideally suited for rearing of sheep and goat owing to its

agro- climatics and geo- physical conditions. Most of the schedule Tribe families i.e

Gujjar, Bakarwals and Gaddies are dependent on sheep & Goat for their livelihood.

The cold condition of the J&K State Particularly the valley and Doda District

necessities the use of wool and mutton in one form or the other depending upon the

economic condition of the people.

So keeping in view the agro-climatic conditions and topography of the District

more efforts are required for genetic up gradation by providing good No.s of pure

breed as well as cross breed rams to the sheep reareas, so that the mutton and wool

production is increased to make the District self sufficient in future and secondly to

provide more health coverage facilities under dosing, vaccination and dipping.

The awareness camps should also be conducted to provide the sheep breeders the

day to day new scientific techniques and also providing the skill development among

the sheep farmers. The study tours of sheep farms be performed in and out of the

state.

Table 44: Block wise Sheep and Goat Population of District Reasi

S. No. Block Sheep Goat Total

1 Reasi 0.344 0.516 0.860

2 Pouni 0.546 0.647 1.193

3 Arnas 1.323 0.704 2.027

4 Mahore 1.037 0.633 1.670

Total 3.250 2.500 5.750

Projects for Development of Sheep Husbandary Sector (Sheep And Goat)

5.7.1. Genetic up gradation

The District is having 3.250 Nos. of sheep population for breeding purpose we

require 3250 Nos. of rams for breeding coverage but only 303 Nos. of rams are

available for breeding. There is deficit of 2947 rams, hence good Nos. of rams be

imported or cross breeds rams be purchased to fill up this huge gap.

115

5.7.2. Health Coverage

The district is deficit in respect of health coverage i.e. dosing vaccination and

dipping. As per norms the requirement is as under:-

At least 4 dosing / year

At least 2 dipping / year

At least 4 vaccines / year

As per sheep and goat population district requires 23.00 lacs for dosing but we

are able to dose 4.389 lacs with available funds.

For providing dipping as per norms 11.50 dipping needs to be done but

achievements of district is 2.189 lacs only.

For providing all the 4 vaccines to available sheep population 13.00 Nos. of

vaccines doses are required but the achievements of the district are only 2.83 Lacs.

5.7.3. Strengthening of infrastructure to promote extension services

In this behalf the awareness camps should be conducted for betterment of sheep

farmers to provide to day to day new scientific technique and technical knowhow.

Provision of shearing Machine: The shearing machine should be procured at

block level so that the good staple length wool be produced and the sheep farmers

compete with the market and fetch good price of their wool.

5.7.4. Skill development and training

The sheep farming community be given training about sheep rearing in the sheep

farm in the or outside the states to adopt the day to day new method of sheep rearing.

The sheep farmer shall be given machine sharing training to generate their

income.

116

Table 45: Physical and Financial Requirement under NADP for the Development of Sheep Husbandry Sector

S.

No.

Components/

Particulars

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total

Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin.

1 Purchase of elite Rams 250 7.50 250 7.50 250 7.50 750 22.50

2 Importation of Rams - - - - 45 56.25 45 56.25

3 Transportation Charges of

Livestock

- 0.50 - 0.50 - 0.50 - 1.50

4 Drugs 7.5 15.00 7.5 15.00 7.5 15.00 22.50 45.00

5 Estt. of Mini Sheep Farms 35 70.00 35 70.00 35 70.00 105 210.00

6 Purchase of Shearing Machine 7 14.00 4 8.00 3 6.00 14 28.00

7 Provision of Tarpalline for shelter 100 1.00 100 1.00 100 1.00 300 3.00

8 Feed and Fodder bank 7 14.00 - 3.50 - 3.50 7 21.00

9 Purchase of Generator Set 7 2.10 2 0.60 2 0.60 11 3.30

10 Awareness Camps 7 3.50 7 3.50 7 3.50 21 10.50

11 Transportation of feed & Fodder - 0.20 - 0.20 - 0.20 - 0.60

12 First Aid medicine kits 100 1.00 100 1.00 100 1.00 300 3.00

13 Const. of SEC’s 4 40.00 4 40.00 4 40.00 12 120.00

14 Misc. Expend. - 1.50 - 1.50 - 2.00 - 5.00

15 Machine Shearing Training 14 0.85 4 0.25 4 0.25 22 1.35

16 Farmers Tour (outside state) 1 2.50 1 2.50 1 2.50 3 7.50

17 Intensive sheep rearing training 35 2.10 35 2.10 35 2.10 105 6.30

G total 175.75 159.15 211.90 544.80

117

5.8. COOPERATIVE SECTOR

Introduction:

The co-operation has played a significant role in ameliorating the socio-

economic condition of the masses of district Reasi with its multi-prolonged strategy in

fulfilling the basic need of the people like supply of essential commodities,

distribution of fertilizers, K. Oil and other consumer items at fair prices even at the

time of crises. It has provided the credit facilities i.e. short terms crop loan and

medium term loans to the needy small farmers. In Reasi district there are twenty

PACS (Primary Agriculture Credit Societies) covering 248 villages out of 255

villages. We have four Marketing Societies covering all urban areas and one women

tailoring society. These are all above societies are registered under Cooperative Act

1989. The numbers of multipurpose cooperative societies registered under Act 1999

is five. Except one all are non-functional.

Table 46: Detail information regarding Cooperative Institutions in district

S. N

o.

Typ

e of

Soci

ety

Tota

l

Fu

nct

.

Non

- fu

nct

.

Mem

ber

ship

Sh

are

-

Cap

ital

Ind

+ G

ovt.

Work

ing

Cap

ital

1. CMS 4 3 1 34 3.2 Lacs 8.60 Lacs

2 PACS 20 11 9 8309 21.51 43.54

3 OTHERS 1 1 - 52 0.27 Lacs 0.27 Lacs

Total 25 15 10 8395 25.00 Lacs 51.87 Lacs

AGRICULTURE RELATED FUNCTION OF COOPERATIVE

The main function in the field of agriculture is twin pronged:

Fertilizer supply: Fertilizer: Cooperative societies distribute about 90 % of the total

consumption of all type of fertilizer in the Distt. Due top hilly terrain the private

retailer are not interested in supplying the fertilizer due to carriage bottleneck. So all

responsibility lies on co-operative industries we are doing our job with limited

resources.

Providing S.T./M.T. Crop loans: Farmers of this district are economically

backwards . They need monetary support at the time of sowing. Cooperative

118

societies cater their this need by providing them S.T. Loan through Cooperative

Banks. The detail of distribution of ST loan of last two years is as under: -

Year Amount Advanced No. of beneficiaries

2007-08 90.06 616

2008-09 61.49 417

In district there is 13% population of SC and 25 % population of ST „s the liability of

SC and ST is as under:

SC No. of

members

Debit

liability

ST No. of

members

Debit

liability

310 14.45 630 14.45 Lacs

(APP.)

Problems of Cooperative department needs to be addressed

1. Timely distribution of fertilizer.

2. Recovery of loan advanced.

3. Major resources lying with the society.

4. Lack of infrastructure and resources to procure the produce of the farmers.

5. Storage facility.

Due to hilly and tough terrain the firm engaged in distribution of fertilizers are

hesitating to provide the fertilizers at places like Arnas and Mahore. Usually the

fertilizer reaches at higher ridges later then plan areas which defeat the purpose of

cooperative societies. Due to the same reason the consumption of fertilizer is munch

lower then the target fixed by the agriculture department. The consumption is lower

due to non availability of roads. This become a costly affair for petty farmers to

purchase fertilizer and then to carry the same to their fields. At least Rs.50/- to 100

/- is the carrying expenditure (i.e. pony) per Qtl. Therefore a subsidy is required for

head load of fertilizer in district Reasi about 4700 Qtl fertilizer is not used due to head

load involvement.. In order to provide fertilizer at every corner of this district, an

amount of Rs.4 Lacs App. is required as head load subsidy.

Recovery of loan: - Recovery of loan is also serious problem. In the year 2007-08

seven PACS advance loan of about Rs. 90.06 Lacs, where in 2008-09 the Nos of

societies came down to 4 and amount of disbursed loan decreases to Rs.61.49 Lacs.

119

This downward trend is due to non recovery of loan. The main reasons behind this

are:-

1. Ignorance regarding loan waiver policy.

2. Infrastructure bottleneck regarding the sale of produce of small farmers.

The resources lying with the socities is scare. PACS and CMS do not have

storage facilities. Though some have god owns, but they are in bad shape.

No. of Godowns = 12

Storage Capacity = 200 Tones

Note: Only three Godowns of 50 tones are in working condition rest are in bad shape.

Lack of transport facilities :

Societies which are mainly responsible for providing fertilizer particularly CMS

have meager working capital which could not buy the fertilizer in required quantity.

The district has four marketing societies with amount meant for fertilizer is an under:-

Name of CMs Funds Required Shortfall

CMS Pouni 01 Lac 10 Lacs 0.9 Lacs

CMS Reasi 01 lac 10 Lacs 0.9 Lacs

CMS Arnas 0.68 Lac 5 Lacs 4.32 Lacs

CMS Katra 01 Lac 5 Lacs 04 Lacs

This shortfall can be bridged by the providing the societies a revolving fund

exclusive meant for buying fertilizer.

Awareness regarding the role of cooperative in agriculture, but farmers are not

fully aware of functioning of cooperative societies in the least developed district

Reasi.

5.8.1. Grain Godown

To avoid wastage and deterioration of agriculture and horticulture produce

because of inclement weather conditions, for want of transportation and to bargaining

capacity of small and marginal farmers, to provide storage place to the produce till

favourable process are available.

To construct the rural godown of 1000 M.Tons capacity in rural area in village

panthel, tehsil and Distt. Reasi. The proposed store shall provide relief to the

progressive grower of the area who deals in the Marketing of Agriculture and

Horticulture produce during the season and shall also provide storage facility to the

small and marginal farmers nearby area on rental basis.

120

Panthel village has catchments area of about 8 villages namely Panthel, Kun

Kanyala, Tehlin, Chadua, Chak Balta, Dadura, Pantha, Malun,Sool with in radius of 4

Kms having 60% of its Agriculture & Horticulture produce is marketable surplus. At

present there is no storage facility available to the farmers of the area and they are

forced to self their produce at distress sale. This proposed Store shall go a long way in

ameliorating the above problems of the growers.

Panthel and its surrounding villages in Tehsil Reasi is predominant in

Agriculture and Horticulture produce such as Maize, Wheat, Cauliflower, Knol-Khol,

Lady finder, Mango, Orange, Kinnow, Guava and Lemon and at present there is no

such facility available to the farmers of these areas falling with in the catchment areas

of store their produce during the inclement whether and as such a store is needed

badly by the farmer to the area, which would save the produce of the poor farmer

from distress sale.

The store could be utilized by the growers for storing of Agriculture and

Horticulture produce. The farmers residing in the catchment areas can also likely use

this Godown for storing raw material, storing of seeds, fertilizer, insecticides etc,

needed by the farmers of the area and at present due to non availability of such store

the farmers has to purchase these items from far off places at high cost.

It is therefore concluded that the proposed store shall benefit the poor farming

community of village Panthel area and its catchment tremendously and shall be a

viable unit. The project proposal of cooperative sector is given in the table.

121

Table 47: Physical and financial implication of cooperative department to achieve physical target

S.

No

.

Sector Name 2014-15 2016-17 2016-17 Total

(Lacs) Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin.

1 a) Godowan (New Const.)

b) Cold Storage (Contemplated

for 3 years period

6

1

60.00

50.00

5

-

35.00

50.00

6

-

50.00

50.00

145.00

150.00

2 Load Carrier

a)Truck

b) Small Load carrier

1

1

15.00

6.00

1

2

16.00

13.00

1

1

16.50

6.50

47.50

25.50

3 Vegetable Market 1 10.00 1 10.00 1 23.00 43.00

4 Milk Collection Centre 1 5.00 1 6.00 - - 11.00

5 Revolving funds for fertilizer business

i) CMS @ 10 lacs

ii) PACS @ 5 Lacs

2

6

20.00

30.00

1

8

10.00

40.00

1

6

10.00

30.00

40.00

100.00

6 Provision for SC/ST Loan - 18.30 - 12.50 - 6.49 37.29

7 Funds at the disposal of PACS

for ST loan

2 10.00 2 10.00 3 15.00 35.00

8 Head load subsidy - 8.00 - 8.00 - 8.00 24.00

9 Godown Repair 2 4.00 2 5.00 1 2.50 11.50

10 Awareness Camps - 1.00 - 1.50 - 2.00 4.50

G.Total 674.29

122

5.9. AGRI-BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Introduction

In a bid to ameliorate the lot of the fruit and vegetable growers/ farmers

community. It is mandatory to prevent the agri/horti produce from unfavourable

conditions in respect of inclement weather, lack of transport facilities, lack of storage

facilities etc. during the season.

Accordingly the department of Horticulture Planning and Marketing has

already initiated its concerted efforts to ensure the welfare of the fruit and vegetable

growers community by way of making available the facilities like; Transportation,

Storages, On-farm storages etc. as the Agricultural marketing is the main stay for the

development of agricultural sector in post-harvest management in general and to

achieve the growth rate of 4% envisaged during the 11th

plan period in particular.

Globalization and domestic market reforms have resulted in transformation of

subsistence farming to increased commercialization and agri-business. This calls for

strengthening Agricultural marketing and Agri-Business management in J&K for the

reasons indicated below:-

1. Bulk of farmers constitute small and marginal.

2. New marketing formats require graded produce.

3. Lack of storage facilities for perishable commodities.

4.

Strengthening Agricultural Marketing and Agri-Business Management

5.9.1. Establishment of Agri-Business Centre/Apni Mandies;

Traditionally a producer used to take its produce to the district/Terminal

markets for sale where he was supposed to sell off his produce even at distress prices

thereby getting no due share. But now the trend has changed as the department of

Horticulture Planning and Marketing in collaboration with DMI/NHB has been

implementing various programmes of developing APNI MANDIES in rural and

productive areas so that the producer may sell his produce in this small mandi directly

to the consumers community and buyers there by ensuring reduction in middle-

manship and enhancing producers share in consumers rupee, in this was the producers

community get the market at their door step. It will definitely increase producers share

in consumers rupees as more the number of middlemen involve in marketing process,

it reduces the share of producers.

123

Table 48: Detail of Apni Mandi for the year 2016-17

Name of the Apni Mandi Pouni Block at Puria

Area covered/possessed 8 Kanal 13 marlas

Production of Fruits/vegetables 6500 MT.

Commodities raised All kinds of Vegetables and fruits like

Mangoes, Peach, Loquat, Gauya etc.

Catchment Area Pouni, Puria, Kundkanyari, Parkh, etc.

The transfer of 8 kanal and 13 Marlas of state land is under process and the

revenue papers are lying in the office of Divisional Commissioner Jammu for its

transfer to the Department. By developing an Apni Mandi to boost the economy of the

rural people of this area and in return the growers will get a market at their door step.

This will involve expenses amounting to Rs. 22 lakhs to complete the project. During

next 3 years similar Apni mandies / Agri Business centres shall be established in the

main fruit and vegetable producing area like Reasi and Arnas of Reasi District.

5.9.2. Construction of Store/Godown;

Developing rural godowns of 1000 M. Tonns capacity in rural areas of the

district shall be of immense use and provide relief to the Fruit /vegetable growers in

large way that during inclement weather conditions and non-availability of

transportation, the producers can store his produce in the nearby store / Godown by

way of which the fruit / vegetable commodity is prevented from damage.

The post-harvest losses due to non availability of the store is quite high.

Within the result a good quantity of fruit / vegetables are damaged in absence of

proper storage facilities. The fruit and vegetable growers in hilly areas are very poor

having very small holdings and unable to construct their own stores. So the

construction of hygienic and big store at fruit / vegetable producing area will

definitely reduce the post harvest losses of the produce and the produce will reach at

marketplace in better condition. During the year 2014-15, 1 such store is proposed at

Panthal in Tehsil Reasi. .2 nos. of similar store shall be constructed in District, at

Pouni and Mahore during the year 2016-17 and 2016-17

5.9.3. Provision for alternate packing Material;

As of now the fruit and vegetable producers are using the wooden shooks as

the packing material for their produce which at one hand not feasible for

transportation and at other hand is a great loss to the forest. During the year 2014-15,

1000 Plastic Crates will be distributed among the progressive fruit and vegetable

124

growers. Similarly for next two years 2000 such plastic crates will be distributive

among the fruit and vegetable growers to develop a habit of using the plastic / card

board cartoons.

5.9.4. Refrigeration van

For haulage of very perishable agri/horti produce such as

strawberry/mashorrm and leafy vegetables which have having less life, a refrigeration

van is must for the transportation of fruit and vegetables from the productive belts to

mandi. One such van is proposed for the year 2014-15 and for next 2 years 2 such

refrigeration vans shall be required so as to save the perishable items from losses

during transportation.

5.9.5. Organization of Awareness Camps.

To make familiar to the growers with modern techniques of marketing using

of alternate packing material, growing of new crops and other, awareness among the

growers is very much required. The department has proposed 4 such camps during the

year 2014-15 and 8 Nos. camps for next 2 years have been proposed.

As there is an ample of potential for fruit and vegetable production dueto diverse

climate condition in the district, fruit and vegetable growers need to be imparted day

to day technical know how for giving a fillip to the production. The department of

Horticulture Planning and Marketing organizes Growers Awareness Camps from time

to time in the production belts of the districts concerned. Over 100 growers are ebing

invited to attend the event and the grievances of the growersare being addressed by all

the Sectoral Officers of Agriculture Sector/financial Institutions etc. hence it is a

farmer-oriented programme and accordingly the farmers take maximum educative

advantage of this event.

Objective.

1. Training farmers on good marketing practice.

2. Strengthening of forward and backward linkages.

3. Dissemination of periodic market intelligence.

4. Strengthening market led extension.

5. Strengthening facilities for quality control.

6. Developing entrepreneurship among small and marginal farmers through need

based training.

125

Table 49: Horticulture (Planning and Marketing) Department, Reasi,Year wise Budget Requirement.

S.

No

Name of the

Scheme

Location Provision of Land acquisition 2015-16 2016-17

Total

Phy Fin Phy Fin

1 Construction of

Apni Mandi at

Arnas

Arnas 20.00 lacs for Land 01

100.00 - - 100.00

2 Construction of

Apni Mandi at

Katra

Katra 20.00 lacs for Land -

- 01 100.00 100.00

G. Total 100.00 100.00 200.00

126

Table 50: Comprehensive Plan Proposal of Agriculture & Allied Sectors under Stream-I

of RKVY for District Reasi

S.

No

Name of the sector Financial requirement for project period

(Rs in lacs)

1 Agriculture 11399.99

2 Horticulture 1709.88

3 Floriculture 153.85

4 Sericulture 114.04

5 Fisheries 35.791

6 Animal Husbandry 710.60

7 Sheep Husbandry 544.80

8 Co-Operative 674.29

9 Agri Business 200.00

Total Project Cost 15543.241

Administrative Cost @ 1% of the

Total Project Cost 155.43241

Monitoring & Evaluation @ 1% of

the Total Project Cost 155.43241

Grand Total 15854.10582

127

5.10. STREAM-II (SPECIFIC AGRICULTURE & ALLIED SECTOR

PROJECTS)

5.10.1. AGRICULTURE (STREAM II)

A. Human Resource development in Agriculture

For successful implementation of various schemes, it is imperative to provide training to

the farmers for transfer of latest technology. The proposal of which is made below:

Table 51: Project on Training on Integrated Farming system and Income

Generating Activities for Enhancing Livelihood Security S.

No

Programme Component Unit Proposed target of the

project

2014-15 to 2016-17

Physical Financial

1 Training of officers and officials @Rs0.50/No No 12 0.60

2 Training of bee keepers on FFS pattern(30

farmers).

No 12 6.00

3 Information and publicity awareness camps

@2500 Lac each.

No 04 0.10

Total 6.70

B. Human Resource development in Sericulture Department

For successful implementation of various schemes, it is imperative to provide training to

the farmers for transfer of latest technology in various disciplines of sericulture by organizing

study tours of the progressive farmers outside the state in Sericulture advanced state like

Karnataka, and organizing awareness camps within the district. An amount of Rs. 6.75 lacs is

proposed during the plan period.

a) Study tour outside the state @ 30 farmers per trip per year for 10 days. The expenditure

includes Boarding, lodging and transportation for 90 farmers.

b) Organizing 30 one day awareness camp @ Rs. 8000/- per camp for 50 persons per centre.

Amount required is to the tune of Rs. 2.40 lacs.

c) Hiring of material for setting up of awareness camps will involve Rs. 0.75 lacs.

128

Table 52: Human Resource development in Sericulture Department

Name of Activity Unit Cost

(Rs)

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin.

i) Study tour outside the

state in Karnataka for 30

farmers per year for 10

days including lodging,

boarding and

transportation.

@ Rs. 7500/-

Farmer

60 4.50 60 4.50 60 4.50

ii) Organizing of 30, one

day awareness camps for

50 farmers each to educate

them about the latest know

how mulberry & silkworm

rearing. Refreshment

charges to farmers

including honorarium to

resource person

Rs. 10000/- 10 1.00 10 1.00 10 1.00

Total 5.50

Human Resource development in Development of Organic Farming

Organic certification of produce assumes great importance in the present world. So

human resource need t be developed in organic farming and its certification

Table 53: Project on Trainings on Organic Farming

S.

No

Programme

Component

Financial

assistant

App./unit

Proposed targets of the project

2014-15 to 2016-17 Physical Financial

1 Training of certification and

inspection agencies

0.51 10 5.10

2 Training on production and

quality control of organic inputs

0.51 10 5.10

3 Training of field functionaries

and extension officers(100 No)

0.50 10 10.00

4 Training of farmers on organic

farming(50 No)

0.25 20 5.00

Total 25.20

129

Study Tour of Farmers and Extension Officers

Study Tour of Farmers and Extension Officers of Reasi district are also proposed on

several aspects, the detail of which is given hereunder:

Table 54: Project on Study Tour for farmers and extension officers

S.

No

Programme Component Unit Proposed targets of the project

2014-15 to 2016-17

Physical Financial

1 Specialized training for

staff/Officers within

states @Rs. 0.08/No.

Nos.

100 8.00

Outside the state @ Rs.

0.40/No.

Nos.

40 16.00

2. Training course for

quality control measures

at Rs.12,000/- per

training

Nos. 4 0.48

3. Exhibition/Farmers fair Nos. 6 15.00

Total 39.48

TOTAL FINANCIAL PROPOSAL OF AGRICULTURE UNDER

STREAM II: 76.88 lACS

130

5.10.2. HORTICULTURE (STREAM II)

Table 55: Project proposal on Awareness Camps

Table 56: Project proposal on Training of farmers within the state

Table 57: Project proposal on Training of farmers outside the state

Name of

component

Unit Cost Name of

Block

Year (2014-15 to 2015-17)

Farmers‟

awareness

camps

@ Rs.10,000

Per camp

Physical

(in No.)

Financial

(in lacks) Mahore 50 5.00

Arnas 50 5.00

Reasi 50 5.00

Pouni 50 5.00

Total 200 20 lacs

Name of

component

Unit Cost Name of

Block

Year (2014-15 to 2015-17)

Training of

farmers within

state

@ Rs.1000/

farmer/day

Physical

(in man days)

Financial

(in lacks) Mahore 60 .0.60

Arnas 60 0.60

Reasi 60 0.60

Pouni 60 0.60

Total 240 2.40

Name of

component

Unit Cost Name of

Block

Year (2014-15 to 2016-17)

Training of

farmers outside

state

@ Rs.1500/

farmer/day

Physical

(in man days)

Financial

(in lacks) Mahore 40 .60

Arnas 40 .60

Reasi 40 .60

Pouni 40 .60

Total 160 2.40

131

Table 58: Project proposal on Training of women farmers

TOTAL FINANCIAL PROPOSAL OF HORTICULTURE UNDER

STREAM II: 25.60 LACS

TOTAL FINANCIAL PROPOSAL UNDER STREAM II: 102.48 LACS

5.11. PROJECTED OUTCOME AND GROWTH RATE DURING XII YEAR PLAN

Among the Agriculture and Allied Sectors the major share of income generated in

Reasi district is derived from Allied Sectors. Therefore, by increasing the area under

horticultural crops and giving due attention to the other allied sectors the financial situation

of the rural farmer can be improved very much.

Table 59: Current & Projected Income in the allied sector of the Reasi District

S.NO Crop /Enterprise

Income (in lakhs)

2011-12 2014-15 2016-17 2016-17

1 Horticulture (Fresh Fruit

& Dry Fruit) 1362.50 1417.00 1473.68 1532.63

2 Sericulture (Cocoon) 10.86 11.29 11.75 12.22

3 Pisciculture (Fish meat) 58.26 60.59 63.01 65.53

4 Animal Husbandry

(Milk & Meat) 4500.00 4680.00 4867.20 5061.89

5 Sheep Husbandry Sector

(Meat & Wool) 3972.74 4131.65 4296.92 4468.79

Total 9904.36 10300.53 10712.56 11141.06

Name of

component

Unit Cost Name of

Block

Year (2014-15 to 2016-17)

Training of

Women

@ Rs.1000/

women/day

Physical

(in man days)

Financial

(in lacks) Mahore 20 0.20 Arnas 20 0.20 Reasi 20 0.20 Pouni 20 0.20

Total 80 0.80

132

CHAPTER VI

District Plan Reasi

6.1. Introduction

The comprehensive district agriculture plan of Reasi is meant for achieving the high

productivity growth expectations under C-DAP. It is aimed at reducing the yield gaps in

important crops and increasing production and productivity in agriculture and allied sectors

through focused and holistic initiatives to maximize farmers‟ income.

Maize is the major crop of the district followed by wheat. Rice is cultivated in

negligible area. Cattle population being high in the district and connectivity being poor,

fodder and feed production have been given greater thrust in the C-DAP. Productivity

enhancement of food crops and promotion of income generating ventures including

floriculture development, sericulture, mushrooms, apiculture, sheep and goat management,

etc. have been given due importance under the plan.

6.2. Growth drivers

For achieving the targeted growth for the agriculture and allied sector, the growth drivers are

enlisted herewith.

6.2.1. Agriculture

Identification and increased adoption of specific varieties of different crops especially

hybrid maize.

Organic farming in selected pockets for identified high value crops.

Ensuring food security along with augmentation of income resources to earn the trust

of stake holders.

Evolution of different area specific farming systems through integrated approach

especially through action research evolving Scientist, Extension specialist and

Farmers.

Restoration of soil health and rainwater harvesting as a source of resource

conservation technologies.

Existence of Krishi Vigyan Kendra for research/extension support.

Farm Mechanization for increasing water use efficiency and greater farm power

availability

133

Enhancing seed replacement rate and seed treatment.

IPM, INM and IWM.

Demonstration and capacity building of field functionary and farmers

Improving Livelihood of rural household by exposing the farmers to the potential of

diversified farming system.

Human resource development.

Expansion of adequate infrastructure for marketing and value addition.

6.2.2. Horticulture

Favorable/conducive agro-climatic conditions for a wide range of fruits.

Receptive youth available for training in modern horticulture techniques.

Quality Seed Rhizome production and area expansion under ginger cultivation

Influx of tourism to the internationally renowned places of the district.

Promoting off season vegetable cultivation

Immense scope of floriculture in the renowned holy places of the district

Availability of wild cultivars for top working.

IPM and INM

Encouraging income and employment generating vocations through agro based

vocations.

Demonstrations and trainings including farmers and field official

Adequate availability of man power.

6.2.3. Forestry:

a) Strengthening of bamboo and jatropha farming

b) Increasing area under forests through plantation.

c) Strengthening agro-forestry.

d) Demonstrations and trainings including farmers and field officials

6.2.4. Animal Husbandry:

Genetic up gradation of the live stock for ensuring overall development.

Improving access to the hilly terrain of the district to maintain assured supply of

inputs.

Developing Community pasture and grasslands

Balanced feeding by popularizing mineral mixture feeding

134

Vaccination and Deworming for imoroving the health status.

Environment Friendly Improved management System

Pasture Development

Demonstration and capacity building of field functionary and farmers

Poultry Development with emphasis on backyard poultry.

6.2.5. Fisheries:

a) Improvement of already existing ponds.

b) Ensuring availability of good quality fish seed.

c) Balanced feeding in ponds.

d) Capacity building of farmers and field functionary

e) Reducing the gap between the production and demand

6.3. Innovative Schemes/ Projects

The proposed projects detailed in chapter IV and V are meant for providing desired support

for achieving planned target of the district. The proposed projects are listed as follows:

Project Proposal For Development Of Major Food Crops

Project Proposal For Strengthening Of Departmental Seed Multiplication Farms

Project Proposal for Promotion Of Organic Farming

Project Proposal on protected cultivation of off-season vegetable.

Project Proposal for Establishment Of Small Scale Mushroom Units

Project Proposal for Apiculture Developemnt

Project Proposal on Soil & Water Conservation

Project Proposal on Minor Irrigation (through flow)

Detailed Project Proposal for Horticulture development

Project Proposal for Floriculture Development

Project for Sericulture Development

Project Proposal for Increase in Fish Production

Project Proposal for Development Of Animal Husbandry

Development of Sheep Husbandary Sector (Sheep And Goat)

Project Proposal for Development of Cooperative Sector

Strengthening Agricultural Marketing and Agri-Business Management

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6.4. PROJECT PROPOSALS

S.

No

Name of the sector No.

1 Agriculture 8

2 Horticulture 10

3 Floriculture 1

4 Sericulture 8

5 Fisheries 1

6 Animal Husbandry 4

7 Sheep Husbandry 4

8 Co-Operative 1

9 Agri Business 5

6.5. VISION OF XII PLAN

To increase the productivity of field crops, horticultural crops, fisheries on sustainable

basis through improved farming techniques, diversification and restoration of available

natural resources. Priorities for the plan would be as under:

Ensuring food security along with augmentation of income resources to earn the trust

of stake holders.

Improving access to the hilly terrain of the district to maintain assured supply of

inputs.

Improvement of soil health and rainwater harvesting as a source of resource

conservation technologies

Area expansion in fruits, vegetables, and flowers

Minimizing gap between research and extension.

Human resource development of receptive rural youths, farm women, other

disadvantaged groups and field staff

Intensification of crop husbandry with vegetable and horticultural crops, animal

husbandry, mushroom cultivation and other non crop based farming

Expansion of adequate infrastructure for marketing and value addition.

Documents

Consulting Agency