COGNITIVISMBy: Team 6
(Amanda & Gina)
Noam Chomski-
Key person in
replacing
Behaviorism as a
dominant theory
in the 1960s.
K E Y P E O P L E A S S O C I A T E D W I T H T H E T H E O R Y:
K E Y P E O P L E A S S O C I A T E D W I T H T H E T H E O R Y:
K E Y P E O P L E
Jean Piaget-
concluded that
there are four
stages of Cognitive
Development.
KEY PEOPLE
David Merrill – Proposed
the Component Display
Theory (CDT). This theory
states that for a particular
objective and learner, there is
a unique combination of
presentation forms that
result in the most effective
learning experience.
KEY PEOPLE
Charles Reigeluth (Elaboration
Theory)- The Elaboration theory
is an instructional design theory
that argues that content to be
learned should be organized
from simple to complex order,
while providing a meaningful
context in which ensuing ideas
can be incorporated.
KEY PEOPLE
Roger Schank
According to Roger,
the only way we
learn is through
"doing," and failure.
KEY PEOPLE
KEY PEOPLE J.M. Scandura
(structural learning)-
Structural learning
argues that what is
learned are rules which
consist of a domain,
range, and procedure.
The rule sets may change
for different tasks. Higher
order rules can account
for creative behavior and
the creation of new rules.
KEY IDEAS OF COGNITIVISM
MENTAL FUNCTION CAN BE UNDERSTOOD
focuses on the inner mental activities
opening the “black box” of the human mind is valuable
and necessary for understanding how people learn
People are not “programmed animals” that simply
respond to stimuli in their environment; but their
actions are a consequence of thinking
F O U R S TA G E S O F C O G N I T I V E D E V E L O P M E N T-
1. Sensorimotor stage- Newborn – 2 years,. The child explores the world through
his/her senses: taste, touch, sight, sound, and smell. The Child begins to be aware of things
existence even when they cannot see the objects, but lacks symbolic representation
understanding.
2. Preoperational stage- Ages 2-7. The child develops language and thinking skills
and also becomes focused on himself/herself and how the world relates to themselves.
3. Concrete operations- Ages 7 to 11. The child begins to think abstractly,
conceptualize, and create logical expressions
4. Formal operations - Ages 11-15. The child's cognition reaches its final form.
Their abstract thinking is similar to adult, and he/she is capable of hypothetical and
deductive reasoning.
Use educational computer
games
Stimulate the child's senses.
Engage them in various
cognitive tasks.
Examples: ABCmouse.com,
PBS Kids Educational Games,
and Spelling City.
only assign tasks for which the child
is prepared
maintain a proper balance between
guiding the child and allowing them
to learn things for themselves
be concerned with the process of
learning rather than the end product
Encourage Peer learning
Sorting Games, flash cards and
puzzles are good examples of
activities
CLASSROOM IMPLICATIONS
With Technology Without Technology
WORKS CITED
Facts
"Structural Learning Theory." Instructional Design. Web. 22 Nov. 2011.
<http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/structural-learning.html>.
"Roger Schank: Script Theory." Massage CE Continuing Education Home Study NCBTMB,
NCCAOM Ethics Fibromyalgia TMJ Acupressure TCM. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. <http://www.lifecircles-
inc.com/Learningtheories/constructivism/Schank.html>.
"Teaching and Learning Resources / Cognitivism." Teaching and Learning Resources / TLR Home.
Web. 22 Nov. 2011.
<http://teachinglearningresources.pbworks.com/w/page/31012664/Cognitivism>.
"M. David Merrill and Component Display Theory." Massage CE Continuing Education Home Study
NCBTMB, NCCAOM Ethics Fibromyalgia TMJ Acupressure TCM. Web. 22 Nov. 2011.
<http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/merrill.html>.
"Elaboration Theory (Reigeluth)." Learning Theories. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. <http://www.learning-
theories.com/elaboration-theory-reigeluth.html>.
Images
http://www.chomsky.info/chomsky.jpg
http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/merrill_files/page90_1.jpg
http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/constructivism/Schank_files/page60_1.jpg