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CHAPTER 6
Employee Trainingand Development
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Areas of EmployeeTraining
Employee training is a planned effort byan organization to facilitate the learning,
retention, and transfer of job-related
behavior.
Training is not limited to new employees,
but often involves various types of
training and development programsoffered throughout an employees
career.
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Cont.
Specific areas of employee training include:new employee orientation, employee
retraining and continuing education,
retirement planning and career
development, and training workers for
international business.
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Benefits of training and development
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Fundamental Issues inEmployment Training
An understanding of learning theories isfundamental in the design of employee
training programs.
For example, the concept ofmodeling,
which is the imitation of the behaviors of
others, is described in social learning theory.
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Fundamental Issues inEmployment Training
A number of key issues are related to training
program effectiveness.
Transfer of training: how learning translates into
use of newly learned behaviors on the job Trainee readiness: job characteristics of the
trainees
How training programs are structured and
conducted
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A Model for SuccessfulTraining Programs
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A Model for SuccessfulTraining Programs The first step in a successful employee training program
is assessing training needs, which occurs on several
levels.
Organizational analysis considers the organizationsgoals, resources, and the climate for training.
Task analysis evaluates the specific knowledge, skills,and abilities that a job requires; and person analysisexamines the capabilities and deficiencies of theworkers themselves.
Assessing training needs may also involvedemographic analysis, or assessing training needs ofspecific groups.
OA
TA
DA
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OA TA DA
Training Program
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A Model for Successful TrainingPrograms
The second step involves establishing training
objectives.
The third step focuses on selecting employee
training methods.
The various training methods can be broken downinto two general categories: on-site methods and
off-site methods.
Establish
Training
objective
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A Model for SuccessfulTraining Programs
Of on-site methods, on-the-job training
puttinginexperienced workers into the work site under the
direction of an experienced teacher/workeris the
most widely used.
Examples of on-the-job training?
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On the job training
Apprenticeship is a more long-term, on-site method
which combines classroom training with supervisedon-the-job training.
Vestibule training sets up a model training area
adjacent to the actual work site, using professionaltrainers and hands-on experience.
Job rotation is a training technique designed to
broaden workers experiences by rotatingemployees among various jobs.
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Vestibule training
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A Model for SuccessfulTraining Programs
Off-site methods include the
common seminarmethod and
audiovisual instruction thatprovides graphic depictions of
work activities.
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A Model for Successful
Training Programs
A technique that uses aspects of both audiovisualtechnology and concepts of social learning theory is
behavior modeling training:
A method of exposing trainees to videotapes ofmodels engaged in appropriate work behaviors and
then having them practice the observed behaviors.
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Social learning theory
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A Model for Successful
Training Programs
Simulation techniques involve classroomreplications of actual work stations.
Programmed instruction is a form of self-paced
training in which workers can learn at their ownpace.
A modern, sophisticated version of programmed
instruction is computer assisted instruction (CAI).
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A Model for Successful
Training Programs
Several specific methods and techniques used in
management training includeproblem-solving case
studies, role-playing, and management games, all of
which involve simulations of actual management
situations.
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A Model for Successful
Training Programs
Action learning is a complicated form of training in
which teams are formed to perform a special
project or assignment that benefits the
organization, while the team members learn and
develop managerial skills.
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A Model for Successful
Training Programs
Mentoring is a management training program in
which an inexperienced worker is assigned to an
experienced mentor who serves as a role model.
Coaching is a one-on-one relationship where aconsultant helps an executive improve
performance.
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A Model for Successful
Training Programs
Once training programs have been implemented,
the evaluation of their effectiveness is very
important.
Evaluate
training
program
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A Model for Successful
Training Programs
The first step in evaluation is to determine
criteria of training effectiveness.
Four types are typically used:
Reaction criteria
Learning criteria
Behavioral criteria
Results criteria
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Training evaluation
Reactions : Measures how participants have
reacted to the training.
Learning : Measures what participants have
learned from the training.
Behavior : Measures whether what was learned
is being applied on the job.
Results : Measures whether the application oftraining is achieving results.
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Equal Employment Opportunity Issues
in Employee Training
Employee diversity and certain legal issues must be
considered in the design and implementation oftraining programs.
Training or educational prerequisites and thetraining programs themselves must not unfairlydiscriminate on the basis of ethnicity, age, sex, ordisability.