Chapter 01 A View of Life 1
A View of LifeA View of Life
Hints on How to get the most out of your textbook
Always read the focus sections – College Board always asks questions about the applications of biology concepts. = you will almost always been tested on this informationDefine all chapter vocabulary before you read the textDo Not write the chapter summaries from the outline, you will miss important explanationsStudy ALL the pictures. If you can explain all chapter pictures & diagrams you understand the informationUse the publishers website.********
Chapter 01 A View of Life 2
A View of LifeA View of Life
All Living Things are Made of many smaller parts that work collectively to give “life”.
3A View of LifeA View of LifeEach Level has Characteristics that are only Each Level has Characteristics that are only made possible from combining smaller parts.made possible from combining smaller parts.
6.Organs
5.Tissues
4.Cells
3.Organelles
2.Molecules
1.Atoms
8.Organism
7.Organ System
Levels of Organization
in Living things
EXAMPLE:
Cell organelles
are not living, when they are all together in a cell they produce a
living system
4Levels of Biological Organization
5A View of LifeA View of Life
4 Characteristics of Living things4 Characteristics of Living things
A.A. Uses EnergyUses EnergyB.B. Response to EnvironmentResponse to EnvironmentC.C. Reproduction & developmentReproduction & developmentD.D. AdaptationAdaptation
6Defining Life
7A View of LifeA View of Life
A - ENERGYA - ENERGY
a.a. Metabolism is all the chemical rxns nec. Metabolism is all the chemical rxns nec. For life (aka – homeostasis)For life (aka – homeostasis)
b.b. The Ultimate source of energy is the sun. The Ultimate source of energy is the sun. It is harnessed by PS = organic molecules It is harnessed by PS = organic molecules (carbohydrates) which can be used by (carbohydrates) which can be used by heterotrophs. Which can support food heterotrophs. Which can support food chainschains
8Acquiring Nutrients
9A View of LifeA View of Life
B Response to EnvironmentB Response to Environment
a.a. All living organisms sense the All living organisms sense the environment and react.environment and react.
b.b. Reaction may include immediate Reaction may include immediate movement (animals, protists, bacteria)movement (animals, protists, bacteria)
c.c. Reaction may be delayed and apparent Reaction may be delayed and apparent through growth in a particular direction through growth in a particular direction (plants, fungi)(plants, fungi)
10A View of LifeA View of Life
C Reproduction & DevelopmentC Reproduction & Development
a.a. Includes passing of genetic material to Includes passing of genetic material to offspringoffspring
b.b. MitosisMitosisc.c. MeiosisMeiosisd.d. Binary fissionBinary fission
11A View of LifeA View of LifeRockhopper Penguins & OffspringRockhopper Penguins & Offspring
12A View of LifeA View of Life
D AdaptationD Adaptation
a.a. Occurs by natural selectionOccurs by natural selectionb.b. All organisms possess similarities at the All organisms possess similarities at the
cellular level therefore evidence that cellular level therefore evidence that c.c. All organisms are descended from a All organisms are descended from a
“common ancestor” through evolution“common ancestor” through evolution
13A View of LifeA View of Life
Basic relationship of Living & NonlivingBasic relationship of Living & Nonliving
Nutrients are finite resources, they must be Nutrients are finite resources, they must be recycled through biosphere.recycled through biosphere.
Energy in the biosphere does not recycleEnergy in the biosphere does not recycleEx. Ex.
Sun – organism – heat – escape to atmosphereSun – organism – heat – escape to atmosphere
14A View of LifeA View of Life
Levels of ClassificationLevels of Classification
Z. maysZ. maysH. sapiensH. sapiensSpeciesSpecies
ZeaZeaHomoHomoGenusGenus
PoacaePoacaeHominidaeHominidaeFamilyFamily
CommelinalesCommelinalesPrimatesPrimatesOrderOrder
LiliopsidaLiliopsidaMammaliaMammaliaClassClass
AnthophytaAnthophytaChordataChordataPhylumPhylum
PlantaePlantaeAnimaliaAnimaliaKingdomKingdom
EukaryaEukaryaEukaryaEukaryaDomainDomain
CornCornHumanHumanTaxonTaxon
15A View of LifeA View of Life
ClassificationClassification
Taxonomy:Taxonomy:DDKKPPCCDDFFGGSS
16A View of LifeA View of Life
ClassificationClassification
Taxonomy:Taxonomy:Levels are, from least inclusive to most Levels are, from least inclusive to most inclusive:inclusive: Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, and domainkingdom, and domain
A level usually includes more species than the A level usually includes more species than the level below it, and fewer species than the one level below it, and fewer species than the one above itabove it
17A View of LifeA View of Life
DomainsDomains
BacteriaBacteria
Microscopic unicellular prokaryotesMicroscopic unicellular prokaryotes
ArchaeaArchaea
Bacteria-like unicellular prokaryotesBacteria-like unicellular prokaryotes
Extreme aquatic environmentsExtreme aquatic environments
EukaryaEukarya
Eukaryotes – Familiar organismsEukaryotes – Familiar organisms
18Domains:The Archaea
19Domains:The Bacteria
20A View of LifeA View of Life
KingdomsKingdoms
ArchaeaArchaea – Kingdoms still being worked out – Kingdoms still being worked out
BacteriaBacteria - Kingdoms still being worked out - Kingdoms still being worked out
EukaryaEukarya
Kingdom Kingdom ProtistaProtista
Kingdom Kingdom FungiFungi
Kingdom Kingdom PlantaePlantae
Kingdom Kingdom AnimaliaAnimalia
21Domains:The Eukaryote Kindoms
22The Scientific Method:
Process of Science
Scientific Study of LifeScientific Study of Life
Requires Observable data to make Requires Observable data to make conclusions A tentative conclusions A tentative explanation for what was observedexplanation for what was observed
23A View of LifeA View of LifeThe Scientific Method:The Scientific Method:RequirementsRequirements
1.1. ObserveObserve
2.2. Evidence (data) – repeat, record, Evidence (data) – repeat, record, repeatablerepeatable
3.3. Inference – conclusionsInference – conclusions
HYPOTHESIS – deductive reasoning HYPOTHESIS – deductive reasoning
if, … thenif, … then
24A View of LifeA View of Life
CONTROL – includes all steps but no CONTROL – includes all steps but no changes / variables used to confirm that changes / variables used to confirm that
experiment was carried out correctly with experiment was carried out correctly with out bias or flawsout bias or flaws
bias = uses Chi Squarebias = uses Chi Square
VARIABLE – factor that causes an observable VARIABLE – factor that causes an observable change. change. Experiment variable – parts of the exper.Experiment variable – parts of the exper.Dependent variable - resultDependent variable - result
25A View of LifeA View of Life
THEORY – conclusion that is supported by THEORY – conclusion that is supported by evidence repeatedly – evidence repeatedly – not social definitionnot social definition
26The Scientific Method:
A Flow Diagram
27
Biology is unified by the concept of evolution, all things are related, but are also different as a result of natural selection.