© Planetary Power, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.
Presented to:
2013 Hawaii Aerospace Summit
Transformative Energy Generation
© Planetary Power, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.
Energy
Required for all Productive Activities
Conversion
Sources:• Oil & Gas• Solar• Wind• Others
Output:• Suitable• Reliable• Accessible• Usable
• Efficient• Environmentally Sound• Cost Effective
© Planetary Power, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.
Replace traditional power generation systems with practical renewable distributed energy with no compromise in performance or reliability at much lower life-cycle cost than fossil-fuel generators.
© Planetary Power, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.Planetary Power, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential
ELIMINATE DEPENDENCY ON UNSUSTAINABLE POWER SOURCES
ENABLE UBIQUITOUS RENEWABLE ENERGY TO FUEL THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
ELIMINATE THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSOF POWER GENERATION
1
2
3
VISION
© Planetary Power, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.
Market Strategy
Remote, Off-Grid Distributed Utility ScaleIn Space
© Planetary Power, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.
Balanced Solutions
12am 6am Noon 6pm12am
10
0
20
30
40
Pow
er (k
W)
Representative Daily Solar Panel Output
Daily Load Profile
Pow
er (k
W)
10
0
20
30
40
50
60
12am 6am Noon 6pm12am
$500k
0
$1,000k
$1,500k
$2,000k
$2,500k
$3,500k
$3,000k
$4,000k
© Planetary Power, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.
Clean reliable power using solar or traditional
fuels at40% conversion
efficiency
Diesel-Renewable Hybrid uses 80% less fuel than traditional generators
HYGEN™ Hybrid Generator SUNsparq™ Solar+ Generator
Planetary Power Delivers the Lowest Cost Off-Grid Power Available
SOLUTION: Planetary Power Hybrids
© Planetary Power, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.
Hawaiian Energy Opportunities• mm
• Strong demand for energy, most sources currently imported
• Strong desire to protect the environment and culture for forward looking leadership
• Segmented Electric Grid with significant remote needs
• Central location in the Pacific Rim
PISCES Sustainable Concrete Project
[ 14 ]
Collaborative Partners
The Goal
To increase Hawaii’s self-sufficiency in construction
materials
The ProblemOver 300,000 metric tons of Portland cement
per year imported into Hawai`iEconomic Cost
Shipping cost passed on to State and consumersEnvironmental Cost
5-7% global CO2 produced in Portland Cement production
Massive producer to consumer fuel useMaintains Hawaiian Dependence on Imports
A SolutionIndigenous basalt aggregate and alternative
binding methods from available materials, both indigenous and “waste” byproductsFly and Bottom Ash
From waste-to-power and coal-fire plantsSintering
Using basalt aggregate and Sub-200 micron rock dust
Proteins (for biocomposites) Lignins
Polymers
Hurdles to Overcome for Commercialization of TechnologyLab validated technologies have not been
scaled-up and durability tested in an intended-use environment
Technologies have not been ASTM tested and/or certified
Project Concept of Operations
PISCES and County of Hawai`i Department of Public Works selection of sites for sustainable concrete test pads
Sidewalk sections with moderate to heavy foot traffic Exposure to elements
Emplacement of test pads by PISCES and collaborative partners
Quarterly (every 3 months) removal of small sections for analysis to ASTM Standards for compressive strength, flexural strength, UV/weathering, and others
Publication of data and results with the American Society of Civil Engineering (ASCE)
NASA-Ames & Stanford UniversityBiocomposite Concrete
Technology• Synthetic Biology (SynBio)
binders• SynBio applies existing biological
systems for useful purposes• Utilizing BSA and lignins
Team Members• David Loftus, PhD, MD, Innovation Lab
Head, Division of Space Biosciences, NASA Ames Research Center
• Michael Lepech, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University
• Jon Rask, Innovation Lab Researcher, Division of Space Biosciences, NASA Ames Research Center
NASA-Kennedy Surface Systems Office (Swampworks)
Team Members• Rob Mueller – Senior Technologist• Dr. Phil Metzger – Senior Scientist• Dr. Paul Hintze – Materials Research
Scientist• Ivan Townsend –Mechanical Lead
EngineerTechnology• Sintering• Polymer
Binders
University of Hawai`i, Manoa Team Members• Lin Shen, PhD, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa
• Yanping Li, Graduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa
Technology• Alkaline-Activated Fly Ash
Fly Ash Also called coal ash, is an industrial by-product of coal-burning power plants Has long been used to replace small percentage of cement to improve
durability and reduce cost Each tone of cement replaced by fly ash will cut CO2 emission by 0.85 ton
Fly Ash Usage in the US: 43% used as supplementary material in concrete 57% (50M tons/yr) landfilled, $12 Billion/yr disposal cost
Fly Ash Usage in Hawaii: 300,000 tons/yr by local power plants (HPOWER, AES, HC&S…) Most is not used due to high sulfate content Some are blended with oversea fly ash to meet specifications
Alkaline-Activated Fly Ash (Geopolymer) Concrete Geopolymer Concrete: A type of alumino-silicate materials such as alkali-activated
(NaOH, Na2SiO3, KOH,…) fly ash and slag
Old generation Geopolymer Concrete has existed for 40yrs. low strength undesired setting time complicated mixing procedure.
New generation Geopolymer Concrete use zero cement and can achieve strength, durability, and cost similar to, sometimes much better than normal concrete.
Looks like traditional concrete Placed at ambient temperature Controlled setting time Superior durability
Alkaline-Activated Fly Ash Concrete Research Objective
Using Hawaii local fly ash to develop high performance cementless geopolymer concrete (GPC) with
Low shrinkage High Durability High bonding strengths Low coefficient of thermal expansion Modulus of elasticity consistent with
Portland cement concrete Low permeability Placement temperature tolerant …
Deliverables
ASCE conference paperData on ASTM test resultsCost and energy comparison for each method vs. Portland cement
Michael SnyderDirector of Research and Development
at Made In Space
Lunar Resource Utilization with Terrestrial Applications
Made In Space Background• MIS Founded in 2010 to Build AM tech for Space
– Identified extrusion printing as a low cost, low mass solution that could be implemented within a few years
– 3 goals: Study 3D Printing, Test in Micro-g, and Fly 3D Printer on ISS
• Conducted Multiple Trade Studies on AM in Space:– OTS Components, Extrusion Printers– Metal AM, Space Qualified Polymers, Robotic Assembly
• Designed / Built / Modified Printer Concepts – ESAMM, Modified BFB, DC3P Prototype, AMF, etc.
• MIS has an Innovative 3D Printing Lab – More than a dozen OTS and custom 3D printers– Elite, UP!, Cube, ESAMM, BFB, Ultimaker, Felix– Testing unique functionalities and capabilities – 10,000+ hours of extrusion printing use
• Made in Space’s Printers Development– Microgravity Flights in 2011, 2013- 400 parabolas or 2+ hours of
microgravity.– SBIR Phase 1 in 2012, Phase 2 & 3 in 2013– 3DPrint Experiment and Additive Manufacturing Facility
• Made in Space’s Advanced Concepts R & D– Local Resource Printers– Advanced Materials Printers– Terrestrial Printers
Resources• Wide Range of Materials
o Heavy metals to non-homogenous regolith Known metals mostly locked in oxides-need extraction/refinement Regolith varying size and compositions
• Wide Range of Applicationso Habitatso Vehicle Componentso Pressure Vessels
• Favorable Locationso Most resources no not require substantial miningo Varies along surface
Resources• Terrestrial Locations Have Similar Resources
o Volcanic Regions High amounts of Basalts Closely relates to Lunar “Seas” also chemically
equivalent to large portion of Highlands composition
o Other Regions generally have resources trapped below surfaces
• Utilizations Allow Efficiencyo Use local resources for local activitieso Not reliant an extensive supply chainso Reduces costs for projects
Progress
• Made In Space In-Lab Regolith Printingo Created Regolith Printer
Capable of Printing Regolith into complex geometries
• Traditional Methods limited to blocks and rods
Operates with Lunar Simulant and Hawaiian volcanic soil
Strong Parts Low Heat Low Power Fast Setting
o High Technology Readiness Level
Future Work• Continue work on laboratory devices
o Enhance Capabilitieso Fine-tune Mechanicso Expand Build Envelop
• Develop Future Lunar and Terrestrial Deviceso Focus on applications and reliabilityo Provide new manufacturing methods for Earth projectso Enable economical Lunar/Earth infrastructure
developmento Create new uses for these common materials